Impacts of Pre-Diabetes or Prehypertension on Subsequent Occurrence of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality among Population without Cardiovascular Diseases

References

• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–1252. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes–2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:S13–S28. doi:10.2337/dc19-S002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan BM, Stevens-Fabry S. Prehypertension–prevalence, health risks, and management strategies. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015;12:289–300. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beulens J, Rutters F, Ryden L, et al. Risk and management of pre-diabetes. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26:47–54. doi:10.1177/2047487319880041
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387:957–967. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Ba Y, Cai RC, et al. Association between diabetes mellitus and the risk for major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in women compared with men: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e24935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:1–25. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2315–2381. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:255–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Agostino RS, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the framingham heart study. Circulation. 2008;117:743–753. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:987–1003. doi:10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Su L, Cai X, et al. Association of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with prehypertension: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2014;167:160–168. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.10.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo X, Zhang X, Zheng L, et al. Prehypertension is not associated with all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLoS One. 2013;8:e61796. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Wu H, Zhang Q, et al. Impact of baseline prehypertension on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:4857–4860. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Cai X, Mai W, et al. Association between prediabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016;355:i5953. doi:10.1136/bmj.i5953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Cai X, Chen P, et al. Associations of prediabetes with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2014;46:684–692. doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.955051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Zhao G, Li C. Pre-diabetes and the risk for cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1310–1317. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JA F. NHANES. Diabetes Educ. 2017;43:151. doi:10.1177/0145721717698651
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim C, Bullard KM, Herman WH, et al. Association between iron deficiency and A1C Levels among adults without diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:780–785. doi:10.2337/dc09-0836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey AS, Coresh J, Bolton K, et al. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:S1–S266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson TA, Ito MK, Maki KC, et al. National lipid association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1–full report. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9:129–169. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2015.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021–3104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsia J, Margolis KL, Eaton CB, et al. Prehypertension and cardiovascular disease risk in the Women’s Health Initiative. Circulation. 2007;115:855–860. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.656850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Kirmani JF, et al. Is prehypertension a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases? Stroke. 2005;36:1859–1863. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000177495.45580.f1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han M, Li Q, Liu L, et al. Prehypertension and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of 47 cohort studies. J Hypertens. 2019;37:2325–2332. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiviniemi AM, Lepojarvi ES, Tulppo MP, et al. Prediabetes and risk for cardiac death among patients with coronary artery disease: the ARTEMIS study. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:1319–1325. doi:10.2337/dc18-2549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Lee ET, Devereux RB, et al. Prehypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risk in a population-based sample: the strong heart study. Hypertension. 2006;47:410–414. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000205119.19804.08
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson AM, Hu T, Eshelbrenner CL, et al. Antihypertensive treatment and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events among persons without hypertension: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305:913–922. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino F, Grant PJ. The 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: new features and the ‘Ten Commandments’ of the 2019 Guidelines are discussed by Professor Peter J. Grant and Professor Francesco Cosentino, the Task Force chairmen. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:3215–3217. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz687
   PubMedGoogle Scholar