Inadequacy of Vitamin D Nutritional Status in Individuals with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity Phenotype: The Relevance of Insulin Resistance

References

• World Health Organization (WHO). Fact sheet obesity and overweight [Web page]. [ Updated: 2016] 2013. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Accessed May 6, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Paniagua AJ. Nutrition, insulin resistance and dysfunctional adipose tissue determine the different components of metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes. 2016;7(19):483–514. doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K, McGinn AP, Rajpathak S, Wylie-Rosett J. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the US population (NHANES 1999–2004). Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1617–1624. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouvari M, Panagiotakos DB, Yannakoulia M, et al. ATTICA study investigators transition from metabolically benign to metabolically unhealthy obesity and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence: the ATTICA cohort study. Metabolism. 2019;93:18–24. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durward CM, Hartman TJ, Nickols-Richardson SM. All-cause mortality risk of metabolically healthy obese individuals in NHANES III. J Obes. 2012;2012:1–12. doi:10.1155/2012/460321
   Google Scholar
• Reid IR, Bolland MJ, Grey A. Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014;383:146–155. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61647-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas MA. Physiological functions of vitamin D in adipose tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2017;165:369–381. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coin A, Giannini S, Minicuci N, et al. Limb fat-free mass and fat mass reference values by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a 20–80 year-old italian population. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(4):506–511. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.01.012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yahyaoui S, Jmal L, Sammoud A, Abdenebi M, Jmal A, Boukthir S. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome in Tunisian children with obesity. Tunis Med. 2019;97(12):1353–1356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mogili KD, Karuppusami R, Thomas S, Chandy A, Kamath MS, Tk A. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and its association with metabolic syndrome - a prospective observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018;229:15–19. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordeiro A, Pereira SE, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A. Association between 25(OH)D concentrations and metabolic syndrome components in class III obese subjects. Int J Med Med Sci. 2015;48(1):1597–1603.
   Google Scholar
• Cordeiro A, Santos A, Bernardes M, Ramalho A, Martins M. Vitamin D metabolism in the human adipose tissue: could it explain the low vitamin D status in obesity? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2017;3(2).
   Google Scholar
• Nematollahi HR, Hosseini R, Bijani A, et al. Interleukin 10, lipid profile, vitamin D, selenium, metabolic syndrome, and serum antioxidant capacity in elderly people with and without cardiovascular disease: amirkola health and ageing project cohort-based study. ARYA Atheroscler. 2019;15(5):233–240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen C, Chen Y, Weng P, et al. Association of 25- hydroxyvitamin D with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome: a mendelian randomization study. Nutr J. 2019;18(1):61. doi:10.1186/s12937-019-0494-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kayaniyil S, Vieth R, Harris SB, et al. Association of 25(OH)D and PTH with metabolic syndrome and its traditional and non traditional components. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:168–175. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MK, Il Kang M, Won Oh K, et al. The association of serum vitamin D level with presence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension in middle-aged Korean subjects. Clin.Endocrinol. 2010;73:330–338. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03798.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boonchaya‐anant P, Holick MF, Apovian CM. Serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D levels and metabolic health status in extremely obese individuals. Obesity. 2014;22:2539–2543.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). World health statistics. 2011. Availble from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/en/index.html. Accessed February 22, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. ClinChem. 1972;18:499–502.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412–419. doi:10.1007/BF00280883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2011;96(7):1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanwell HE, Vieth R, Cole DE, et al. Sun exposure questionnaire predicts circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Caucasian hospital workers in southern Italy. J Steroid BiochemMol Biol. 2010;121:334–337. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Garach A, Cornejo-Pareja I, Tinahones FJ. Does metabolically healthy obesity exist? Nutrients. 2016;8(6):pii: E320. doi:10.3390/nu8060320
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dıaz-Ruiz A, Guzman-Ruiz R, Moreno NR, et al. Proteasome dysfunction associated to oxidative stress and proteotoxicity in adipocytes compromises insulin sensitivity in human obesity. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015;23(7):597–612. doi:10.1089/ars.2014.5939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Larrad MT, Anchuelo AC, Del Prado N, et al. Profile of individuals who are metabolically healthy obese using different definition criteria. A population-based analysis in the Spanish population. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e106641. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106641
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stefan N, Haring HU, Hu FB, Schulze MB. Metabolically healthy obesity: epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1(2):152–162. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70062-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzoni G, Oltolini A, Perra S, et al. Resting whole body energy metabolism in class 3 obesity; from preserved insulin sensitivity to overt type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;24(13):489–497. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S228229
   Google Scholar
• Bluher M. Are there still healthy obese patients? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012;19(5):341–346. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e328357f0a3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, et al. The molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D improve glucose homeostasis: a mechanistic review. Life Sci. 2020;244:117305. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackawy AM, Badawi ME. Association of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome components in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. Meta Gene. 2014;2:540–556. doi:10.1016/j.mgene.2014.07.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bikle DD. Vitamin D: newer concepts of its metabolism and function at the basic and clinical level. J Endocr Soc. 2020;4(2). doi:10.1210/jendso/bvz038
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moradi N, Fadaei R, Rashidbeygi E, et al. Evaluation of changing the pattern of CTRP5 and inflammatory markers levels in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020;23:1–6. doi:10.1080/13813455.2020.1742164
   Google Scholar
• Rafique A, Etzerodt A, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Møller HJ. Targeted lipid nanoparticle delivery of calcitriol to human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro and in vivo: investigation of the anti- inflammatory effects of calcitriol. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:2829–2846. doi:10.2147/IJN.S192113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meghil MM, Hutchens L, Raed A, et al. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on local and systemic inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients: a pilot study. Oral Dis. 2019;25(5):1403–1413. doi:10.1111/odi.13097
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan H, Kunutsor S, Franco OH, Chowdhury R. Vitamin D, type 2 diabetesand other metabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis ofprospective studies. Proc NutrSoc. 2013;72:89–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harinarayan CV, Arvind S, Joshi S, Thennarasu K, Vedavyas V, Baindur A. Improvement in pancreatic β-cell function with vitamin D and calcium supplementation in vitamin d- deficient nondiabetic subjects. EndocrPract. 2014;20(2):129–138.
   Google Scholar
• Garbossa SG, Folli F. Vitamin D, sub-inflammation and insulin resistance. A window on a potential role for the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18(2):243–258. doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9423-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministrini S, Ricci MA, Daviddi G, et al. Determinants of high parathyroid hormone levels in patients with severe obesity and their relationship with the cardiometabolic risk factors, before and after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy intervention. Obes Surg. 2020;30(6):2225–2232. doi:10.1007/s11695-020-04453-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al Masri M, Romain AJ, Boegner C, et al. Vitamin D status is not related to insulin resistance in different phenotypes of moderate obesity. ApplPhysiolNutrMetab. 2017;42(4):438–442.
   Google Scholar
• Yoon H, Jeong DK, Park CE, et al. The association between gender difference with metabolic syndrome,metabolic syndrome score and serum vitamin D levels in Korean adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68:121–129. doi:10.1080/09637486.2016.1221899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung KC, Chang Y, Ryu S, Chung HK. High levels of serum vitamin D are associated with a decreased risk of metabolic diseases in both men and women, but an increased risk for coronary artery calcification in Korean men. CardiovascDiabetol. 2016;15(1):112. doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0432-3
   Google Scholar
• Tosunbayraktar G, Bas M, Kut A, Buyukkaragoz AH. Low serum 25(OH)D levels are assocıated to hıgher BMI and metabolicsyndrome parameters in adult subjects in Turkey. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15(4):1161–1169. doi:10.4314/ahs.v15i4.15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Compher CW, Badellino KO, Boullata JI. Vitamin D and the bariatric surgical patient: a review. ObesSurg. 2008;18:220–224.
   Google Scholar
• Misra A, Bhatt SP, Nigam P, et al. Independent associations of low 25 hydroxy vitamin D and high parathyroid hormonal levels with nonalcoholic fatty disease in Asian Indians residing in north India. J Atherosclerosis. 2013;230:157–163. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park CY, Kim TY, Yoo JS, Seo Y, Pae M, Han SN. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the inflammatory responses of stromal vascular cells and adipocytes from lean and obese mice. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):364. doi:10.3390/nu12020364
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheng S, Massaro JM, Fox CS, et al. Adiposity, cardiometabolic risk, and vitamin D status: the Framingham heart study. Diabetes. 2010;59:242–248. doi:10.2337/db09-1011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zsido RG, Heinrich M, Slavich GM, et al. Association of estradiol and visceral fat with structural brain networks and memory performance in adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e196126. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awad AB, Alappat L, Valerio M. Vitamin D and metabolic syndromerisk factors: evidence and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52:103–112. doi:10.1080/10408391003785458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lips P, Eekhoff M, van Schoor N, et al. Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2017;173:280–285. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganji V, Tangpricha V, Zhang X. Serum vitamin D concentration ≥75 nmol/L is related to decreased cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes; and increased cardiorespiratory fitness in US adults. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):E730. doi:10.3390/nu12030730
   PubMedGoogle Scholar