The Association Between Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Serum Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Levels Among Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

References

• Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diab Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark N. Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes. Diab Care. 2003;26(12):3333–3341. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nativel M, Potier L, Alexandre L, et al. Lower extremity arterial disease in patients with diabetes: a contemporary narrative review. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17:138. doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0781-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatnawi NJ, Al-Zoubi NA, Hawamdeh HM, Khader YS, Garaibeh K, Heis HA. Predictors of major lower limb amputation in type 2 diabetic patients referred for hospital care with diabetic foot syndrome. Diab, Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther. 2018;11:313–319. doi:doi:10.2147/DMSO.S165967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendelhag I, Wiklund O, Wikstrand J. Atherosclerotic changes in the femoral and carotid arteries in familial hypercholesterolemia. Ultrasonographic assessment of intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence. Arterioscler Thromb a J Vasc Biol. 1993;13(10):1404–1411. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.13.10.1404
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Temelkova-Kurktschiev T, Koehler C, Henkel E, Hanefeld M. Leukocyte count and fibrinogen are associated with carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in a risk population for diabetes. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;56(2):277–283. doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00547-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeremiás Z, Makó K, Bogdan A, Miu I, Șerdean A, Benedek T. Femoral intima-media thickness, risk factors, and markers of inflammation in cardiovascular disease. J Interdiscip Med. 2018;3(3):141–151. doi:10.2478/jim-2018-0032
   Google Scholar
• Giannoukas AD, Antoniou GA, Saleptsis V, Baros C, Griffin M, Nicolaides AN. Common femoral artery intima-media thickness as marker for cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic adults. Vasa J Vasc Dis. 2009;38(2):147–154. doi:10.1024/0301-1526.38.2.147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirhmajer MV, Banfić L, Vojković M, Strozzi M, Bulum J, Miovski Z. Correlation of femoral intima-media thickness and the severity of coronary artery disease. Angiology. 2011;62(2):134–139. doi:10.1177/0003319710375087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seino Y, Yabe D. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1: incretin actions beyond the pancreas. J Diab Investig. 2013;4(2):108–130. doi:10.1111/jdi.12065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holst JJ, Knop FK, Vilsbøll T, Krarup T, Madsbad S. Loss of incretin effect is a specific, important, and early characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Diab Care. 2011;34(S2):S251S257. doi:10.2337/dc11-s227
   Google Scholar
• Ceriello A, Novials A, Ortega E, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 reduces endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diab Care. 2013;36:2346–2350. doi:10.2337/dc12-2469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Liu J, Huang Y. Protective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on endothelial function in hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2015;65(5):399–405. doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000176
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheikh A. Direct cardiovascular effects of glucagon like peptide-1. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2013;5(47):1–13. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho HC, Chen MF, Hwang JJ, Lee YT, Su TC. Intima-media thickness of lower-limb arteries associated with fasting and post-challenge plasma glucose levels. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2009;16(6):748–755. doi:10.5551/jat.836
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mitsuhashi N, Onuma T, Kubo S, Takayanagi N, Honda M, Kawamori R. Coronary artery disease and carotid artery intima-media thickness in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Diab Care. 2002;25:1308–1312. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.8.1308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folsom AR, Eckfeldt JH, Weitzman S, et al. Relation of carotid artery wall thickness to diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose and insulin, body size, and physical activity. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study investigators. Stroke. 1994;25:66–73. doi:10.1161/01.str.25.1.66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenknecht LE, D’Agostino RB, Haffner SM, Savage PJ, Rewers M. Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and carotid wall thickness: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diab Care. 1998;21:1812–1818. doi:10.2337/diacare.21.11.1812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ms A. Thickened common femoral artery intima media thickness: a surrogate marker for subclinical peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Egypt J Geriatr Gerontol. 2017;4(1):11–14. doi:10.21608/ejgg.2017.5347
   Google Scholar
• Johnson EL, Feldman H, Butts A, et al. Standards of medical care in diabetes 2019 abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes. 2019. doi:10.2337/cd18-0105
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Liu H, Chen J, Li Y, Qu S. Multiple factors related to the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;1–11. doi:10.1155/2015/651757
   Google Scholar
• Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, Oreste P, Paoletti R. Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: A direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Circulation. 1986;74(6):1399–1406. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.74.6.1399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soneye M, Adekanmi A, Obajimi M, Aje A. Intima-media thickness of femoral arteries and carotids among an adult hypertensive Nigerian population: a case-control study to assess their use as surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. Ann Afr Med. 2019;18(3):158–166. doi:10.4103/aam.aam_57_18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godoi ETAM, Brandt CT, Lacerda HR, et al. Intima-media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries for detection of arteriosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;108(1):3–11. doi:10.5935/abc.20160197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deanfield JE, Halcox JP, Rabelink TJ. Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance. Circulation. 2007;115:1285–1295. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.652859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inagami T, Naruse M, Hoover R. Endothelium as an Endocrine Organ. Annu Rev Physiol. 1995;57:171–189. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.001131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aljada A, Dandona P. Effect of insulin on human aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Metabolism. 2000;49(2):147–150. doi:10.1016/S0026-0495(00)91039-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muniyappa R, Iantorno M, Quon MJ. An integrated view of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2008;37(3):685–711. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathy D, Mohanty P, Dhindsa S, et al. Elevation of free fatty acids induces inflammation and impairs vascular reactivity in healthy subjects. Diabetes. 2003;52(12):2882–2887. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.12.2882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koc AS, Sumbul HE. Increased aortic intima-media thickness may be used to detect macrovascular complications in adult type II diabetes mellitus patients. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2018;16:8. doi:10.1186/s12947-018-0127-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, Laurora G, et al. Ultrasound morphology classification of the arterial wall and cardiovascular events in a 6-year follow-up study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:851–856. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.16.7.851
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Depairon M, Darioli R, Romanens M. Cardiovascular risk prediction with ultrasound. Cardiovasc Med. 2010;13(09):255–264. doi:10.4414/cvm.2010.01523
   Google Scholar
• Zanchetti A, Bond MG, Hennig M, et al. Risk factors associated with alterations in carotid intima-media thickness in hypertension: baseline data from the european lacidipine study on atherosclerosis. J Hypertens. 1998;16:946–961. doi:10.1097/00004872-199816070-00008
   Google Scholar
• Lemne C, Jogestrand T, De Faire U. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in borderline hypertension. Stroke. 1995;26:34–39. doi:10.1161/01.STR.26.1.34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaul S, Alladi S, Mridula R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic individual subjects in a tertiary care center in India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2015;18(4):430–444. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.165481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayoola OO, Bolarinwa RA, Onakpoya UU, Adedeji TA, Onwuka CC, Idowu BM. Intima-media thickness of the common femoral artery as a marker of leg ulceration in sickle cell disease patients. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22):3112–3117. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018023267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malyszko J. Mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(1920):1412–1420. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.06.019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stam F, van Guldener C, Schalkwijk CG, Ter Wee PM, Donker AJM, Stehouwer CDA. Impaired renal function is associated with markers of endothelial dysfunction and increased inflammatory activity. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(5):892–898. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfg080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nezami N, Ghabili K, Shokouhi-Gogani B, et al. The relationship between carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness and histopathologic grade of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephron. 2018;139(2):159–169. doi:10.1159/000487491
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang C, Sun Z, Li Y, Ai J, Sun Q, Tian Y. The correlation between serum lipid profile with carotid intima-media thickness and plaque. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014;14:181. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu B, Qu T. Causes of changes in carotid intima-media thickness: a literature review. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2015;13:46. doi:10.1186/s12947-015-0041-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idigo FU, Ayogu EN, Onwuzu SWI, Anakwue AMC, Nwogu UB, Anakwue RC. Correlating carotid intima-media thickness with lipid profile: does it improve sonographic diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis? J Diagnostic Med Sonogr. 2019;35(6):453–458. doi:10.1177/8756479319867617
   Google Scholar
• Wiinberg N, Lebech AM, Kristoffersen US, et al. P.089 carotid intima-media thickness in non-smoking hiv patients treated with antiretroviral therapy: focus on lipid profile. Artery Res. 2006;1(S1):S48S48. doi:10.1016/s1872-9312(07)70112-6
   Google Scholar
• Shiraishi D, Fujiwara Y, Komohara Y, Mizuta H, Takeya M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induces M2 polarization of human macrophages via STAT3 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;425(2):304–308. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.086
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piotrowski K, Becker M, Zugwurst J, et al. Circulating concentrations of GLP-1 are associated with coronary atherosclerosis in humans. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12(117):1–7. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-12-117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gujral UP, Pradeepa R, Weber MB, Narayan KMV, Mohan V. Type 2 diabetes in South Asians: similarities and differences with white Caucasian and other populations. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013;1281:51–63. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06838.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho YS, Lee J-Y, Park KS, Nho CW. Genetics of type 2 diabetes in east asian populations. Curr Diab Rep. 2012;12(6):686–696. doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0326-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talayero BG, Sacks FM. The role of triglycerides in atherosclerosis. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2011;13:544. doi:10.1007/s11886-011-0220-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar