Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy-Induced Decreases in FT3 and TSH are Related to Fasting C-Peptide in Euthyroid Patients with Obesity

References

• NCD-RisC NRFC. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;10026(387):1377–1396.
   Google Scholar
• Magkos F, Fraterrigo G, Yoshino J, et al. Effects of moderate and subsequent progressive weight loss on metabolic function and adipose tissue biology in humans with obesity. Cell Metab. 2016;23(4):591–601. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salminen P, Helmio M, Ovaska J, et al. Effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy vs laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on weight loss at 5 years among patients with morbid obesity: the SLEEVEPASS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(3):241–254. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.20313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubino F, Nathan DM, Eckel RH, et al. Metabolic surgery in the treatment algorithm for type 2 diabetes: a joint statement by international diabetes organizations. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(6):861–877. doi:10.2337/dc16-0236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khorgami Z, Shoar S, Andalib A, et al. Trends in utilization of bariatric surgery, 2010–2014: sleeve gastrectomy dominates. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017;13(5):774–778. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2017.01.031
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox CS, Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB, et al. Relations of thyroid function to body weight cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in a community-based sample. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(6):587–592. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.6.587
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwen KA, Schroder E, Brabant G. Thyroid hormones and the metabolic syndrome. Eur Thyroid J. 2013;2(2):83–92. doi:10.1159/000351249
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mullur R, Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(2):355–382. doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega E, Pannacciulli N, Bogardus C, Krakoff J. Plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine predict weight change in euthyroid persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(2):440–445. doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.2.440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Rasmussen LB, et al. Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):4019–4024. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amouzegar A, Kazemian E, Abdi H, et al. Association between thyroid function and development of different obesity phenotypes in euthyroid adults: a nine-year follow-up. Thyroid. 2018;28(4):458–464. doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotondi M, Leporati P, La Manna A, et al. Raised serum TSH levels in patients with morbid obesity: is it enough to diagnose subclinical hypothyroidism? Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(3):403–408. doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalaki MA, Vagenakis AG, Leonardou AS, et al. Thyroid function in humans with morbid obesity. Thyroid. 2006;16(1):73–78. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulin DMC, Mancini MC, de Melo ME, et al. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in a morbidly obese population and improvement after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2005;15(9):1287–1291. doi:10.1381/096089205774512537
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu F, Di J, Yu H, et al. Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on thyroid function in euthyroid patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017;13(10):1701–1707. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2017.06.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang H, Liu W, Han X, et al. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on thyroid hormone levels in Chinese patients, could it be a risk for thyroid nodules? Obes Surg. 2017;27(10):2619–2627. doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2684-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacCuish A, Razvi S, Syed AA. Effect of weight loss after gastric bypass surgery on thyroid function in euthyroid people with morbid obesity. Clin Obes. 2012;2(1–2):25–28. doi:10.1111/j.1758-8111.2012.00036.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghizzoni L, Mastorakos G, Ziveri M, et al. Interactions of leptin and thyrotropin 24-hour secretory profiles in short normal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(5):2065–2072. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.5.7452
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mantzoros CS, Ozata M, Negrao AB, et al. Synchronicity of frequently sampled thyrotropin (TSH) and leptin concentrations in healthy adults and leptin-deficient subjects: evidence for possible partial TSH regulation by leptin in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(7):3284–3291. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.7.7644
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nannipieri M, Cecchetti F, Anselmino M, et al. Expression of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone receptors in adipose tissue of patients with morbid obesity and/or type 2 diabetes: effects of weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(9):1001–1006. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endo T, Kobayashi T. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in brown adipose tissue is involved in the regulation of thermogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;2(295):E514–E518.
   Google Scholar
• Valdes S, Maldonado-Araque C, Lago-Sampedro A, et al. Reference values for TSH may be inadequate to define hypothyroidism in persons with morbid obesity: [email protected] study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017;25(4):788–793. doi:10.1002/oby.21796
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abu-Ghanem Y, Inbar R, Tyomkin V, et al. Effect of sleeve gastrectomy on thyroid hormone levels. Obes Surg. 2015;25(3):452–456. doi:10.1007/s11695-014-1415-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves JS, Castro OS, Souteiro P, et al. Effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in patients with morbid obesity and normal thyroid function. Obes Surg. 2018;28(1):97–103. doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2792-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dall’Asta C, Paganelli M, Morabito A, et al. Weight loss through gastric banding: effects on TSH and thyroid hormones in obese subjects with normal thyroid function. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(4):854–857. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.320
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di J, Zhang H, Yu H, et al. Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on the remission of type 2 diabetes: a 3-year study in Chinese patients with a BMI <30 kg/m2. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;7(12):1357–1363.
   Google Scholar
• Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B, Berry MJ, Larsen PR. Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev. 2002;1(23):38–89.
   Google Scholar
• Ortega FJ, Jilkova ZM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, et al. Type I iodothyronine 5ʹ-deiodinase mRNA and activity is increased in adipose tissue of obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(2):320–324. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dall’Asta C, Paganelli M, Morabito A, et al. Weight loss through gastric banding: effects on TSH and thyroid hormones in obese subjects with normal thyroid function. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(4):854–857.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chikunguwo S, Brethauer S, Nirujogi V, et al. Influence of obesity and surgical weight loss on thyroid hormone levels. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(6):631–636. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2007.07.011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones AG, Hattersley AT. The clinical utility of C-peptide measurement in the care of patients with diabetes. Diabetic Med. 2013;30(7):803–817. doi:10.1111/dme.12159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galofre JC, Pujante P, Abreu C, et al. Relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin in euthyroid obese men. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53(3–4):188–194. doi:10.1159/000172981
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yanai H, Hirowatari Y. Fasting serum C-peptide levels (>1.6ng/mL) can predict the presence of insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2017;1(43):97–98.
   Google Scholar
• Schauer PR, Kashyap SR, Wolski K, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(17):1567–1576. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrosi B, Masserini B, Iorio L, et al. Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index and insulin-resistance in euthyroid obese subjects. J Endocrinol Invest. 2010;33(9):640–643. doi:10.1007/BF03346663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwen KA, Oelkrug R, Brabant G. Effects of thyroid hormones on thermogenesis and energy partitioning. J Mol Endocrinol. 2018;3(60):R157–R170.
   Google Scholar
• Agnihothri RV, Courville AB, Linderman JD, et al. Moderate weight loss is sufficient to affect thyroid hormone homeostasis and inhibit its peripheral conversion. Thyroid. 2014;24(1):19–26. doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouidrat Y, Diouf M, Desailloud R, Louhou R. Effects of a diet plus exercise program on thyroid function in patients with obesity. Metabol Open. 2019;2:100008. doi:10.1016/j.metop.2019.100008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kok P, Roelfsema F, Langendonk JG, et al. High circulating thyrotropin levels in obese women are reduced after body weight loss induced by caloric restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(8):4659–4663. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0920
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jouan Y, Blasco H, Bongrani A, et al. Preoperative chemerin level is predictive of inflammatory status 1 year after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2020;30(10):3852–3861. doi:10.1007/s11695-020-04584-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sosic-Jurjevic B, Stevanovic D, Milosevic V, Sekulic M, Starcevic V. Central ghrelin affects pituitary-thyroid axis: histomorphological and hormonal study in rats. Neuroendocrinology. 2009;89(3):327–336. doi:10.1159/000188603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsoli M, Chronaiou A, Kehagias I, Kalfarentzos F, Alexandrides TK. Hormone changes and diabetes resolution after biliopancreatic diversion and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a comparative prospective study. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(5):667–677. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2012.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelletier C, Doucet E, Imbeault P, Tremblay A. Associations between weight loss-induced changes in plasma organochlorine concentrations, serum T(3) concentration, and resting metabolic rate. Toxicol Sci. 2002;67(1):46–51. doi:10.1093/toxsci/67.1.46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar