Evaluation of Eight Anthropometric Indices for Identification of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults with Diabetes

References

• Guzder RN , Gatling W , Mullee MA , Byrne CD . Impact of metabolic syndrome criteria on cardiovascular disease risk in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia . 2006;49(1):49–55. doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0063-9 16341841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonora E , Targher G , Formentini G , et al. The Metabolic Syndrome is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetic subjects. Prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetic Med . 2004;21(1):52–58. doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01068.x 14706054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao M-F , He J , Sun X , et al. Gender differences in risks of coronary heart disease and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their association with metabolic syndrome in china. Int J Endocrinol . 2016;2016:8483405. doi:10.1155/2016/8483405 28042294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Głuszek S , Bociek A , Suliga E , et al. The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Weight Loss and Metabolic Changes in Adults with Obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health . 2020;17(15):5342. doi:10.3390/ijerph17155342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marott SCW , Nordestgaard BG , Tybjaerg-Hansen A , Benn M . Causal Associations in Type 2 Diabetes Development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2019;104(4):1313–1324. doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01648 30566658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss R , Dziura J , Burgert TS , et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Eng J Med . 2004;350(23):2362–2374. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa031049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahangiry L , Khosravi-far L , Sarbakhsh P , Kousha A , EntezarMahdi R , Ponnet K . Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its determinants among Iranian adults: evidence of IraPEN survey on a bi-ethnic population. Sci Rep . 2019;9(1):97937. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44486-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csige I , Ujvarosy D , Szabo Z , et al. The Impact of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System. J Diabetes Res . 2018;2018:20183407306. doi:10.1155/2018/3407306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afshin A , Forouzanfar MH , Reitsma MB , et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N Eng J Med . 2017;377(1):13–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaukat A , Dostal A , Menk J , Church TR . BMI is a risk factor for colorectal cancer mortality. Dig Dis Sci . 2017;62(9):2511–2517. doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4682-z 28733869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Głuszek S , Ciesla E , Głuszek-Osuch M , et al. Anthropometric indices and cut-off points in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders. PLoS One . 2020;15(6):e0235121. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235121 32569336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suliga E , Koziel D , Gluszek S . Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in normal weight individuals. Ann Agr Environ Med . 2016;23(4):631–635. doi:10.5604/12321966.1226858 28030935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochoa Sangrador C , Ochoa-Brezmes J . Waist-to-height ratio as a risk marker for metabolic syndrome in childhood. A meta-analysis. Pediatr Obes . 2018;13(7):421–432. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12285 29700992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas DM , Bredlau C , Bosy-Westphal A , et al. Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model. Obesity . 2013;21(11):2264–2271. doi:10.1002/oby.20408 23519954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozorgmanesh M , Sardarinia M , Hajsheikholeslami F , Azizi F , Hadaegh F . CVD-predictive performances of “a body shape index” versus simple anthropometric measures: tehran lipid and glucose study. Eur J Nutr . 2016;55(1):147–157. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0833-1 25596850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhana K , Ikram MA , Hofman A , Franco OH , Kavousi M . Anthropometric measures in cardiovascular disease prediction: comparison of laboratory-based versus non-laboratory-based model. Heart . 2015;101(5):377–383. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306704 25502814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakauer NY , Krakauer JC , New Body A . Shape index predicts mortality hazard independently of body mass index. PLoS One . 2012;7(7):e39504. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039504 22815707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haghighatdoost F , Sarrafzadegan N , Mohammadifard N , Asgary S , Boshtam M , Azadbakht L . Assessing body shape index as a risk predictor for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults. Nutrition . 2014;30(6):636–644. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.021 24800666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa EC , Ferezini de Sa JC , Mafaldo Soares EM . Anthropometric indices of central obesity how discriminators of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol . 2012;28(1):12–15. doi:10.3109/09513590.2011.583956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motamed N , Sohrabi M , Poustchi H , et al. The six obesity indices, which one is more compatible with metabolic syndrome? A population based study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev . 2017;11(3):173–177. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.08.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro-Gonzalez D , Sanchez-Inigo L , Pastrana-Delgado J , Fernandez-Montero A , Alfredo Martinez J . Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) in comparison with fasting plasma glucose improved diabetes prediction in patients with normal fasting glucose: the Vascular-Metabolic CUN cohort. Prev Med . 2016;86:99–105. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.022 26854766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon S , Park J-S , Ahn Y . The cut-off values of triglycerides and glucose index for metabolic syndrome in american and korean adolescents. J Korean Med Sci . 2017;32(3):427–433. doi:10.3346/jkms.2017.32.3.427 28145645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M , Wang B , Liu Y , et al. Cumulative increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus with increasing triglyceride glucose index in normal-weight people: the Rural Chinese Cohort Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol . 2017;16(1):1630. doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0514-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unger G , Fabiana Benozzi S , Perruzza F , Laura Pennacchiotti G . Triglycerides and glucose index: a useful indicator of insulin resistance. Endocrinologia Y Nutricion . 2014;61(10):533–540. doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2014.06.009 25174769
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu B , Liu B , Wu G , Yin F . Relationship between body-roundness index and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes . 2019;12:931–935. doi:10.2147/dmso.S209964 31354325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero-Romero F , Simental-Mendia LE , Gonzalez-Ortiz M , et al. The product of triglycerides and glucose, a simple measure of insulin sensitivity. comparison with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2010;95(7):3347–3351. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0288 20484475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Ambrosi J , Silva C , Catalan V , et al. Clinical usefulness of a new equation for estimating body fat. Diabetes Care . 2012;35(2):383–388. doi:10.2337/dc11-1334 22179957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson CM , Su H , Thomas DM , et al. Tri-ponderal mass index vs body mass index in estimating body fat during adolescence. JAMA Pediatr . 2017;171(7):629–636. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0460 28505241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geloneze B , Vasques A , Stabe C , et al. HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR indexes in identifying insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS). Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol . 2009;53(2):281–287. doi:10.1590/s0004-27302009000200020 19466221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alberti KGMM , Eckel RH , Grundy SM , et al. Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation . 2009;120(16):1640–1645. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192644 19805654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam BCC , Koh GCH , Chen C , Wong MTK , Fallows SJ . Comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-To-Hip Ratio (WHR) and Waist-To-Height Ratio (WHtR) as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in an Adult Population in Singapore. PLoS One . 2015;10(4):e0122985. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122985 25880905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat GC , Heo M , Van Horn LV , et al. Longitudinal association of anthropometric measures of adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women. Ann Epidemiol . 2014;24(12):896–902. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.10.007 25453348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian S, Zhang X, Xu Y, Dong H. Feasibility of body roundness index for identifying a clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities compared to BMI, waist circumference and other anthropometric indices: the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2008 to 2009. Medicine. 2016;95(34):e4642. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004642
   Google Scholar
• Mongraw-Chaffin M , Golden SH , Allison MA , et al. The sex and race specific relationship between anthropometry and body fat composition determined from computed tomography: evidence from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. PLoS One . 2015;10(10):e0139559. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139559 26448048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymsfield SB , Peterson CM , Thomas DM , Heo M , Schuna JM . Why are there race/ethnic differences in adult body mass index-adiposity relationships? A quantitative critical review. Obesity Reviews . 2016;17(3):262–275. doi:10.1111/obr.12358 26663309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou CM , Zhan L , Yuan J , Tong XY , Peng YH , Zha Y . Comparison of visceral, general and central obesity indices in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Eating Weight Dis Stud Anorexia Bulimia Obesity . 2020;25(3):727–734. doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00678-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Q , Li YX , Hu ZH , Jiang XY , Li SJ , Wang XF . Comparing associations of different metabolic syndrome definitions with ischemic stroke in Chinese elderly population. Eur J Intern Med . 2018;47:75–81. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.10.010 29092746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu X , Li B , Lin W-Q , et al. The association between obesity indices and hypertension: which index is the most notable indicator of hypertension in different age groups stratified by sex? Clin Exp Hypertens . 2019;41(4):373–380. doi:10.1080/10641963.2018.1489546 30095294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amirabdollahian F , Haghighatdoost F . Anthropometric indicators of adiposity related to body weight and body shape as cardiometabolic risk predictors in british young adults: superiority of waist-to-height ratio. J Obes . 2018;2018:8370304. doi:10.1155/2018/8370304 30515323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbatón Anchuelo A , Martínez-Larrad M , Serrano-García I , Fernández Pérez C , Serrano-Ríos M . Body fat anthropometric indexes: which of those identify better high cardiovascular risk subjects? A comparative study in Spanish population. PLoS One . 2019;14(5):e0216877. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216877 31120940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J , Zhu W , Qiu L , Huang L , Fang L . Sex- and age-specific optimal anthropometric indices as screening tools for metabolic syndrome in chinese adults. Int J Endocrinol . 2018;2018:1067603. doi:10.1155/2018/1067603 30310390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwell M , Gibson S . Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of “early health risk’: simpler and more predictive than using a “matrix’ based on BMI and waist circumference. BMJ Open . 2016;6(3):e010159. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Q , Shen F , Ye T , Zhou Q , Deng H , Gu X . Waist-to-height ratio is an appropriate index for identifying cardiometabolic risk in Chinese individuals with normal body mass index and waist circumference. J Diabetes . 2014;6(6):527–534. doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12157 24698481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W-C , Chen IC , Chang Y-C , Loke -S-S , Wang S-H , Hsiao K-Y . Waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference, and body mass index as indices of cardiometabolic risk among 36,642 Taiwanese adults. Eur J Nutr . 2013;52(1):57–65. doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0286-0 22160169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters DL , Ward AL , Villareal DT . Weight loss in obese adults 65 years and older: a review of the controversy. Exp Gerontol . 2013;48(10):1054–1061. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.005 23403042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starr KNP , Bales CW . Excessive Body Weight in Older Adults. Clin Liver Dis . 2015;19(3):311. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dlamini Z , Hull R , Makhafola TJ , Mbele M . Regulation of alternative splicing in obesity-induced hypertension. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obesity Targets Ther . 2019;12:1597–1615. doi:10.2147/dmso.S188680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Daniele N , Noce A , Vidiri MF , et al. Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget . 2017;8(5):8947–8979. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13553 27894098
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vinknes KJ , Nurk E , Tell GS , Sulo G , Refsum H , Elshorbagy AK . The relation of CUN-BAE index and BMI with body fat, cardiovascular events and diabetes during a 6-year follow-up: the Hordaland Health Study. Clin Epidemiol . 2017;9:555–566. doi:10.2147/clep.S145130 29184445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okorodudu DO , Jumean MF , Montori VM , et al. Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes . 2010;34(5):791–799. doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batsis JA , Mackenzie TA , Bartels SJ , Sahakyan KR , Somers VK , Lopez-Jimenez F . Diagnostic accuracy of body mass index to identify obesity in older adults: NHANES 1999–2004. Int J Obes . 2016;40(5):761–767. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Ambrosi J , Silva C , Galofre JC , et al. Body mass index classification misses subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk factors related to elevated adiposity. Int J Obes . 2012;36(2):286–294. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Marcos MA , Gomez-Sanchez L , Patino-Alonso MC , et al. Capacity adiposity indices to identify metabolic syndrome in subjects with intermediate cardiovascular risk (MARK study). PLoS One . 2019;14(1):e0209992. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209992 30682054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega FB , Sui X , Lavie CJ , Blair SN . Body mass index, the most widely used but also widely criticized index: would a criterion standard measure of total body fat be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality? Mayo Clinic Proce . 2016;91(4):443–455. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedewald WT , Fredrickson DS , Levy RI . Estimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem . 1972;18(6):499. doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 4337382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behboudi-Gandevani S , Tehrani FR , Cheraghi L , Azizi F . Could “a body shape index” and “waist to height ratio” predict insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome? Eur J Obstetrics Gynecol Reproduct Biol . 2016;205:110–114. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.08.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramdas Nayak VK , Nayak KR , Vidyasagar S . Predictive performance of traditional and novel lipid combined anthropometric indices to identify prediabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr . 2020;14(5):1265–1272. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.045 32688243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang F , Chen Y , Chang Y , Sun G , Sun Y . New anthropometric indices or old ones: which perform better in estimating cardiovascular risks in Chinese adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord . 2018;1814. doi:10.1186/s12872-018-0754-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhana K , Kavousi M , Ikram MA , Tiemeier HW , Hofman A , Franco OH . Body shape index in comparison with other anthropometric measures in prediction of total and cause-specific mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health . 2016;70(1):90–96. doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205257 26160362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malara M , Keska A , Tkaczyk J , Lutoslawska G . Body shape index versus body mass index as correlates of health risk in young healthy sedentary men. J Transl Med . 2015;13:1375. doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0426-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchi R , Asakawa M , Ohara N , et al. Indirect measure of visceral adiposity ‘A Body Shape Index’ (ABSI) is associated with arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care . 2016;4(1):e000188. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdez R , Seidell JC , Ahn YI , Weiss KM . A NEW INDEX OF ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY AS AN INDICATOR OF RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE - A CROSS-POPULATION STUDY. Int J Obes . 1993;17(2):77–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motamed N , Perumal D , Fhea M , et al. Conicity index and waist-to-hip ratio are superior obesity indices in predicting 10-year cardiovascular risk among men and women. Clin Cardiol . 2015;38(9):527–534. doi:10.1002/clc.22437 26418518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KS , Owen WL , Williams D , Adams-Campbell LL . A comparison between BMI and conicity index on predicting coronary heart disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Epidemiol . 2000;10(7):424–431. doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00065-x 11018345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J , Fang L , Qiu L , Huang L , Zhu W , Yu Y . Comparison of the ability to identify arterial stiffness between two new anthropometric indices and classical obesity indices in Chinese adults. Atherosclerosis . 2017;263:263–271. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.031 28704699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L-M , Lei S-F , Chen X-D , et al. Anthropometric indices as the predictors of trunk obesity in Chinese young adults: receiver operating characteristic analyses. Ann Hum Biol . 2008;35(3):342–348. doi:10.1080/03014460802027049 18568597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian S , Zhang X , Xu Y , Dong H . Feasibility of body roundness index for identifying a clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities compared to BMI, waist circumference and other anthropometric indices: the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2008 to 2009. Medicine . 2016;95(34):e4642. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004642 27559964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maessen MFH , Eijsvogels TMH , Verheggen RJHM , Hopman MTE , Verbeek ALM , de Vegt F . Entering a new era of body indices: the feasibility of a body shape index and body roundness index to identify cardiovascular health status. PLoS One . 2014;9(9):e107212. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107212 25229394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Y , Guo X , Chen Y , et al. A body shape index and body roundness index: two new body indices to identify diabetes mellitus among rural populations in northeast China. Bmc Public Health . 2015:15794. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2150-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Y , Guo X , Guo L , Li Z , Li Y , Sun Y . The feasibility of two new anthropometric indices to identify hypertension in rural China A cross-sectional study. Medicine . 2016;95(44):e5301. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000005301 27858905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaid M , Ameer F , Munir R , et al. Anthropometric and metabolic indices in assessment of type and severity of dyslipidemia. J Physiol Anthropol . 2017:3619. doi:10.1186/s40101-017-0134-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu PJ , Ma F , Lou HP , Zhu YN . Body roundness index and body adiposity index: two new anthropometric indices to identify metabolic syndrome among Chinese postmenopausal women. Climacteric . 2016;19(5):433–439. doi:10.1080/13697137.2016.1202229 27410775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G , Wu H-K , Wu X-W , et al. The feasibility of two anthropometric indices to identify metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and inflammatory factors in obese and overweight adults. Nutrition . 2019;57:194–201. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.004 30176572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar