Association Between Gut Akkermansia and Metabolic Syndrome is Dose-Dependent and Affected by Microbial Interactions: A Cross-Sectional Study

References

• Saklayen MG . The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep . 2018;20(2):12. doi:10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z 29480368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabke K , Hendrick G , Devkota S . The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest . 2019;129(10):4050–4057. doi:10.1172/JCI129194 31573550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gildner TE . Links between metabolic syndrome and the microbiome. Evol Med Public Health . 2020;2020(1):45–46. doi:10.1093/emph/eoaa007 32190327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Chatelier E , Nielsen T , Qin J , et al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature . 2013;500(7464):541–546. doi:10.1038/nature12506 23985870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X , Devaraj S . Gut microbiome in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rep . 2018;18(12):129. doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1104-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy CC , Kien CL , Bouthillier L , Levy E . Short-chain fatty acids: ready for prime time? Nutr Clin Pract . 2006;21(4):351–366. doi:10.1177/0115426506021004351 16870803
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fan Y , Pedersen O . Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol . 2021;19(1):55–71. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9 32887946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang T , Li Q , Cheng L , et al. Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic. Microb Biotechnol . 2019;12(6):1109–1125. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13410 31006995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cani PD , de Vos WM . Next-generation beneficial microbes: the case of Akkermansia muciniphila . Front Microbiol . 2017;8:1765. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01765 29018410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naito Y , Uchiyama K , Takagi T . A next-generation beneficial microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila . J Clin Biochem Nutr . 2018;63(1):33–35. doi:10.3164/jcbn.18-57 30087541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anhê FF , Pilon G , Roy D , Desjardins Y , Levy E , Marette A . Triggering Akkermansia with dietary polyphenols: a new weapon to combat the metabolic syndrome? Gut Microbes . 2016;7(2):146–153. doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1142036 26900906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depommier C , Everard A , Druart C , et al. Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study. Nat Med . 2019;25(7):1096–1103. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0495-2 31263284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyte KZ , Rakoff-Nahoum S . Understanding competition and cooperation within the mammalian gut microbiome. Curr Biol . 2019;29(11):R538–R544. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.017 31163167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geerlings S , Kostopoulos I , De Vos W , et al. Akkermansia muciniphila in the Human gastrointestinal tract: when, where, and how? Microorganisms . 2018;6(3):75. doi:10.3390/microorganisms6030075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y , Wu W , Wu S , et al. Linking gut microbiota, metabolic syndrome and economic status based on a population-level analysis. Microbiome . 2018;6(1):172. doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0557-6 30249275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y , Wu W , Zheng HM , et al. Regional variation limits applications of healthy gut microbiome reference ranges and disease models. Nat. Med . 2018;24(10):1532–1535. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0164-x 30150716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joint committee for guideline revision. 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. J Geriatr Cardiol . 2018;15(1):1–29. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.01.011.29434622
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magoč T , Salzberg SL . FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies. Bioinformatics . 2011;27(21):2957–2963. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507 21903629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rognes T , Flouri T , Nichols B , Quince C , Mahé F . VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics. PeerJ . 2016;4:e2584. doi:10.7717/peerj.2584 27781170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quast C , Pruesse E , Yilmaz P , et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res . 2013;41(D1):D590–596. doi:10.1093/nar/gks1219 23193283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier J , Wu QV , Gooley TA . Cubic splines to model relationships between continuous variables and outcomes: a guide for clinicians. Bone Marrow Transplant . 2020;55(4):675–680. doi:10.1038/s41409-019-0679-x 31576022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knights D , Ward TL , McKinlay CE , Miller H , Gonzalez A . Rethinking “Enterotypes”. Cell Host Microbe . 2014;16(4):433–437. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2014.09.013 25299329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahe LK , Chatelier EL , Prifti E , et al. Specific gut microbiota features and metabolic markers in postmenopausal women with obesity. Nutr Diabetes . 2015;5(6):e159. doi:10.1038/nutd.2015.9 26075636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yassour M , Lim MY , Hyun S , et al. Sub-clinical detection of gut microbial biomarkers of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Genome Med . 2016;17(8):8. doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0271-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J , Zhao F , Wang Y , Chen J , Tao J , Tian G . Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension. Microbiome . 2017;5(1):14. doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0222-x 28143587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q , Zhang Y , Wang X , et al. Gut bacteria Akkermansia is associated with reduced risk of obesity: evidence from the American Gut Project. Nut Metab (Lond) . 2020;17(90). doi:10.1186/s12986-020-00516-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amandine E , Clara B , Lucie G , et al. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2013;110(22):9066–9071. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110 23671105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dao MC , Everard A , Aronwisnewsky J , et al. Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut . 2016;65(3):426–436. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308778 26100928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y , Wang N , Tan HY , Li S , Zhang C , Feng Y . Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in obesity: interactions with lipid metabolism, immune response and gut systems. Front Microbiol . 2020;11:219. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00219 32153527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Org Parks BW , Joo JW , Emert B , et al. Genetic and environmental control of host-gut microbiota interactions. Genome Res . 2015;25(10):1558–1569. doi:10.1101/gr.194118.115 26260972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chevalier C , Stojanović O , Colin D , et al. Gut microbiota orchestrates energy homeostasis during cold. Cell . 2015;163(6):1360–1374. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.004 26638070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derrien M , Belzer C , de Vos WM . Akkermansia muciniphila and its role in regulating host functions. Microb Pathog . 2017;106:171–181. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.005 26875998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin NR , Lee JC , Lee HY , et al. An increase in the Akkermansia spp. population induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Gut . 2014;63(5):727–735. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303839 23804561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado MC , Derrien M , Isolauri E , et al. Intestinal integrity and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading member of the intestinal microbiota present in infants, adults, and the elderly. Appl Environ Microbiol . 2007;73(23):7767. doi:10.1128/AEM.01477-07 17933936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plovier H , Everard A , Druart C , et al. A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice. Nat Med . 2017;23(1):107–113. doi:10.1038/nm.4236 27892954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubourg G , Lagier JC , Armougom F , et al. High-level colonisation of the human gut by Verrucomicrobia following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Int J Antimicrob Agents . 2013;41(2):149–155. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.10.012 23294932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passel MWJ , Van, Kant R , Zoetendal EG , et al. The genome of Akkermansia muciniphila, a dedicated intestinal mucin degrader, and its use in exploring intestinal metagenomes. PLoS One . 2011;6(3):e16876. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016876 21390229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin J , Li Y , Cai Z , et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature . 2012;490(7418):55–60. doi:10.1038/nature11450 23023125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar