Assessment of Electrolyte Imbalance and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

References

• Lee J. Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in critically ill patients. Electrolyte Blood Pressure. 2010;8(2):72–81. doi:10.5049/EBP.2010.8.2.72
   Google Scholar
• Timerga A, Kelta E, Kenenisa C, Zawdie B, Habte A, Haile K. Serum electrolytes disorder and its associated factors among adults admitted with metabolic syndrome in Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: facility based crossectional study. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):E0241486. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanduker S, Ahmed R, Khondker F, Aharama A, Afrose N, Chowdhury M. Electrolyte disturbances in patients with diabetes mellitus. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2018;10:27–35. doi:10.3329/bjmb.v10i1.36698
   Google Scholar
• Palmer B, Clegg D. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(6):548–559. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1503102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liamis G, Liberopoulos E, Barkas F, Elisaf M. Diabetes mellitus and electrolyte disorders. World J Clin Cases. 2014;2(10):488–496. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i10.488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woyesa S, Gebisa W, Anshebo D. Assessment of selected serum electrolyte and associated risk factors in diabetic patients. Diabetes Metabol Syndr Obes. 2019;12:2811–2817. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S233053
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rajagopal L, Ganesan V, Abdullah S, Arunachalam S, Kathamuthu K, Ramraj B. Exploring the interrelationship between electrolytes, anemia, and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hba1c) levels in type 2 diabetics. Asian J Pharma Clin Res. 2018;11:251–256. doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22533
   Google Scholar
• Sadiq F, Nawaz M. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2014;8:983–985.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Bhargava S, Agarwal P, Garg A, Khosla A. Association of serum magnesium with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. J Family Med Primary Care. 2019;8(5):1671. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_83_19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vorum H, Ditzel J. Disturbance of inorganic phosphate metabolism in diabetes mellitus: its relevance to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:1–8. doi:10.1155/2014/135287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashed R, Hyassat D, Batieha A, et al. Prevalence and correlates of hypophosphatemia among type 2 diabetic patients attending the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (Ncdeg). Ann Med Surg. 2022;78:103770. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roglic G. Who global report on diabetes: a summary. Int J Noncommun Dis. 2016;1(1):3. doi:10.4103/2468-8827.184853
   Google Scholar
• Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liamis G, Rodenburg E, Hofman A, Zietse R, Stricker B, Hoorn E. Electrolyte disorders in community subjects: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Med. 2013;126(3):256–263. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan R, Saba F, Kausar S, Siddiqui M. Pattern of electrolyte imbalance in type 2 diabetes patients: experience from a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):797. doi:10.12669/pjms.35.3.844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arpaci D, Tocoglu A, Ergenc H, Korkmaz S, Ucar A, Tamer A. Associations of serum magnesium levels with diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. Hippokratia. 2015;19(2):153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corona G, Giuliani C, Parenti G, et al. The economic burden of hyponatremia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2016;129(8):823–35. E4. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldrighi M, Sainaghi P, Bellan M, Bartoli E, Castello L. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state: a pragmatic approach to properly manage sodium derangements. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2018;14(6):534–541. doi:10.2174/1573399814666180320091451
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sayouba J, Asanghanwa M, Njouendou A, Kamga H, Assob J. Electrolyte imbalance in type 2 diabetes: a case study from the west region of Cameroon. Int J Res Med Sci. 2020;8:2017–2022. doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202236
   Google Scholar
• Circumference WW. Waist-Hip Ratio Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Data Wlcip, Editor; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Makki A, Dipette D, Whelton P, et al. Hypertension pharmacological treatment in adults: a World Health Organization guideline executive summary. Hypertension. 2022;79(1):293–301. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megerssa Y, Gebre M, Birru S, Goshu A, Tesfaye D. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in selected institutions at Bishoftu Town, East Shoa, Ethiopia. J Diabetes Metab. 2013;8:S12.
   Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2017: summary of revisions. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(Suppl 1):S4–S5. doi:10.2337/dc17-S003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anago E, Medehouenou T, Akpovi C, Tchehouenou H. Electrolyte disturbances in diabetic patients in Cotonou, Benin. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4(12):5430–5435. doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164223
   Google Scholar
• Karuppan A, Sahay M, Ravindranathan R, Haripriya P, Sriram D, George M. Electrolyte disturbances among diabetic patients admitted in a multi-specialty hospital in Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2019;13(2):54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed S, Nur F, Ullah M, et al. Factors influencing hyponatremia in hospitalized diabetic patients- a cross sectional study. Med Today. 2014;26:04–08. doi:10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21301
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed S, Nur F, Ullah M, et al. Electrolyte imbalance in admitted diabetic patients: patterns and factors responsible- a cross sectional study. Kyamc J. 2017;5(1):458–466. doi:10.3329/kyamcj.v5i1.32317
   Google Scholar
• Antony S. A study of electrolyte imbalance in diabetic patients at a teritary care hospital in Kerala. Int J Contemp Med. 2019;7(1):132. doi:10.5958/2321-1032.2019.00006.8
   Google Scholar
• Unachukwu M, Engwa G, Nwalo F, et al. Influence of type 2 diabetes on serum electrolytes and renal function indices in patients. J Clin Diagn Res. 2018;12(6):87.
   Google Scholar
• Kurstjens S, De Baaij J, Bouras H, Bindels R, Tack C, Hoenderop J. Determinants of hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176(1):11–19. doi:10.1530/EJE-16-0517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waanders F, Dullaart R, Vos M, et al. Hypomagnesaemia and its determinants in a contemporary primary care cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine. 2020;67(1):80–86. doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02116-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paladiya R, Pitliya A, Choudhry A, et al. Association of low magnesium level with duration and severity of type 2 diabetes. Cureus. 2021;13(5):E15279. doi:10.7759/cureus.15279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokharel D, Khadka D, Sigdel M, et al. Association of serum magnesium level with poor glycemic control and renal functions in Nepalese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11:S417–S23. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.028
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mustafa A, Abubaker N, Suliman A, Ibrahim M, Hamza A, Elfaki E. Assessment of electrolytes level among type 2 diabetes Sudanese patients. J Glob Biosci. 2020;9(3):6921–6926.
   Google Scholar
• Halushko O, Boliuk M, Hypophosphatemia in patients with acute stroke and diabetes mellitus: diagnosis and treatment. Emerg Med. 2021;(2.89):53–57. doi:10.22141/2224-0586.2.89.2018.126603
   Google Scholar
• Ditzel J, Lervang H. Disturbance of inorganic phosphate metabolism in diabetes mellitus: clinical manifestations of phosphorus-depletion syndrome during recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Metabol Syndr Obes. 2010;3:319–324. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S13476
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmed S, Nur F, Ullah M, Mamun A, Aminul M. Factors precipitating hypokalemia in diabetic patients: a cross sectional study. J Enam Med Coll. 2014;4:145–150. doi:10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20940
   Google Scholar
• Janma J, Changsirikulchai S, Sangthawan P, Thokanit N, Rattanamongkolgul S, Thinkhamrop B. Serum potassium levels in Thai patients with T2dm and Egfr greater than or equal to 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Trends Med. 2019;19. doi:10.15761/TiM.1000178
   Google Scholar
• Ahn C, Kang J, Jeung E. Calcium homeostasis in diabetes mellitus. J Vet Sci. 2017;18(3):261–266. doi:10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Jameil N. Estimation of serum electrolytes in diabetes patients of Saudi region. Life Sci J. 2014;11(7):378–380.
   Google Scholar
• Amballi A, Kayode B, Odusan O, et al. Cortisol and electrolyte levels in type 2 diabetic patients attending a state university teaching hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria. Int J Biomed Health Sci. 2019;14(2):175.
   Google Scholar
• Talabani N. Serum electrolytes and lipid profiles in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Asian J Med Sci. 2014;6(3):38–41. doi:10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11088
   Google Scholar
• Wang S, Hou X, Liu Y, et al. Serum electrolyte levels in relation to macrovascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-12-146
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rajagambeeram R, Malik I, Vijayan M, Gopal N, Ranganadin P. Evaluation of serum electrolytes and their relation to glycemic status in patients with T2dm. Int J Clin Biochem Res. 2020;6:10.
   Google Scholar
• Nwankwor H, Nwatu C, Okwara C, et al. Low serum calcium levels occur in Nigerian adults with type 2 diabetes and correlates negatively with their glycosylated hemoglobin levels: a case‑control study. Niger J Med. 2020;29(2):229–233. doi:10.4103/NJM.NJM_25_20
   Google Scholar
• Najeeb Q, Aziz R, Hamid S. To evaluate the levels of glycated hemoglobin, serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid and microalbuminuria in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2(4):1462–1465. doi:10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20141140
   Google Scholar
• Mishra S, Padmanaban P, Deepti G, Sarkar G, Sumathi S, Toora B. Serum magnesium and dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Res. 2012;23(2):295–300.
   Google Scholar
• Winzer E, Grabovac I, Ludvik B, et al. Differences in serum magnesium levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients following one-anastomosis gastric bypass. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):1984. doi:10.3390/nu11091984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunka T, Mogas S, Zawdie B, et al. The hidden burden of diabetes mellitus in an urban community of Southwest Ethiopia. Diabetes Metabol Syndr Obes. 2020;13:2925. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S269386
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pannem R, Munamala C. An observational study on effects of hypomagnesemia among critically ill patients at a tertiary care hospital. Int J Adv Med. 2018;5:1347. doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20184254
   Google Scholar
• Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Electrolyte disturbances in patients with chronic alcohol-use disorder. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1368–1377. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1704724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elisaf M, Kalaitzidis R. Metabolic abnormalities in alcoholic patients: focus on acid base and electrolyte disorders. J Alcohol Drug Depend. 2015;2015:26.
   Google Scholar
• Parmar S, Singh S, Singh G. Role of hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of Na±/K±disturbance. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4(4):1167–1171. doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20160803
   Google Scholar