Haematological Parameters in People with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease versus Those Who are Only at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

References

• Kaptoge S, Pennells L, De Bacquer D, et al. World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(10):e1332–e45. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30318-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barquera S, Pedroza-Tobías A, Medina C, et al. Global overview of the epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Arch Med Res. 2015;46(5):328–338. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maisch B, Oelze R. Cardiovascular Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. IOS Press; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Ninomiya J, Criqui MH, Whyte JL, Gamst A, Chen RS, Chen RS. Association of the metabolic syndrome with history of myocardial infarction and stroke in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Circulation. 2004;109:42–46. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000108926.04022.0C
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornier M-A, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(7):777–822. doi:10.1210/er.2008-0024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan NM. Kaplan’s Clinical Hypertension. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL. Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(7):2034. doi:10.2337/dc14-1140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza’ai H, Rahmat A, Abed Y, Ali F. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a review of initiators and protective factors. Inflammopharmacology. 2016;24:1–10. doi:10.1007/s10787-015-0255-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler MJ. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Clin Diabet. 2008;26(2):77–82. doi:10.2337/diaclin.26.2.77
   Google Scholar
• Nebeck K, Gelaye B, Lemma S, et al. Hematological parameters and metabolic syndrome: findings from an occupational cohort in Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2012;6(1):22–27. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2012.05.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aypak C, Türedi Ö, Bircan MA, Yüce A. Could mean platelet volume among complete blood count parameters be a surrogate marker of metabolic syndrome in pre-pubertal children? Platelets. 2014;25(6):393–398. doi:10.3109/09537104.2013.827783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arteaga RB, Chirinos JA, Soriano AO, et al. Endothelial microparticles and platelet and leukocyte activation in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98(1):70–74. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison CN. Platelets and thrombosis in myeloproliferative diseases. ASH Educ Program Book. 2005;2005(1):409–415.
   Google Scholar
• Lohsoonthorn V, Jiamjarasrungsi W, Williams MA. Association of hematological parameters with clustered components of metabolic syndrome among professional and office workers in Bangkok, Thailand. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2007;1(3):143–149. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2007.05.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stefanadi E, Tousoulis D, Androulakis E, et al. Inflammatory markers in essential hypertension: potential clinical implications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2010;8(4):509–516. doi:10.2174/157016110791330870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abo El Ainin H, Attya A, Tabl M, Samir M. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and pentraxin3 in acute coronary syndrome compared with cardiac troponin-1. Benha J Appl Sci. 2020;5(6 part (1)):127–132. doi:10.21608/bjas.2020.137126
   Google Scholar
• Timpson NJ, Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, et al. C-reactive protein and its role in metabolic syndrome: Mendelian randomisation study. Lancet. 2005;366(9501):1954–1959. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67786-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone PA, Kazil J. The relationships between serum C-reactive protein level and risk and progression of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. In: Seminars in Vascular Surgery. Elsevier; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Abate E. Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Hematological Parameters in People with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Those with Cardiovascular Risk Alone. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addia Ababa University; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Anteneh ZA, Yalew WA, Abitew DB. Prevalence and correlation of hypertension among adult population in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. Int J Gen Med. 2015;175–185. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S81513
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Angaw DA, Ali R, Tadele A, Shumet S. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of institutional and community-based studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12872-020-01828-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickey GL, Grant SW, Dunning J, Siepe M. Statistical primer: sample size and power calculations—why, when and how? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018;54(1):4–9. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezy169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scoffin K. Hematology analyzers-from complete blood counts to cell morphology. Am Lab. 2014;46(5):26–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis BH, Barnes PW. Automated cell analysis: principles. Laboratory hematology practice. Lab Hematol Pract. 2012;2012:26–32.
   Google Scholar
• Waterhouse DF, Cahill RA, Sheehan F, McCreery C. Prediction of calculated future cardiovascular disease by monocyte count in an asymptomatic population. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(1):177–187. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S2240
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lasek-Bal A, Jedrzejowska-Szypulka H, Student S, et al. The importance of selected markers of inflammation and blood-brain barrier damage for short-term ischemic stroke prognosis. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;70(2):209–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan X-N, Jin J-L, Zhang M, et al. Differential leukocyte counts and cardiovascular mortality in very old patients with acute myocardial infarction: a Chinese cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s12872-020-01743-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee CD, Folsom AR, Nieto FJ, Chambless LE, Shahar E, Wolfe DA. White blood cell count and incidence of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke, and mortality from cardiovascular disease in African-American and white men and women: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am Heart Assoc. 2001;2001:1357–1358.
   Google Scholar
• Swirski FK, Libby P, Aikawa E, et al. Ly-6C hi monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(1):195–205. doi:10.1172/JCI29950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woollard KJ, Geissmann F. Monocytes in atherosclerosis: subsets and functions. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010;7(2):77–86. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2009.228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber C, Zernecke A, Libby P. The multifaceted contributions of leukocyte subsets to atherosclerosis: lessons from mouse models. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(10):802–815. doi:10.1038/nri2415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Combadière C, Potteaux S, Rodero M, et al. Combined inhibition of CCL2, CX3CR1, and CCR5 abrogates Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo monocytosis and almost abolishes atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation. 2008;117(13):1649–1657. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.745091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman K, Fisher EA. Insights from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the role of innate inflammation in atherosclerosis regression. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2018;5:32. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2018.00032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayad ZA, Swirski FK, Calcagno C, Robbins CS, Mulder W, Kovacic JC. Monocyte and macrophage dynamics in the cardiovascular system: JACC macrophage in CVD series (Part 3). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2198–2212. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan L, Gui L, Chai EQ, Wei CJ. Routine hematological parameters are associated with short‐and long‐term prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. J Clin Lab Anal. 2018;32(2):e22244. doi:10.1002/jcla.22244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdoia M, Barbieri L, Di Giovine G, Marino P, Suryapranata H, De Luca G. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and the extent of coronary artery disease: results from a large cohort study. Angiology. 2016;67(1):75–82. doi:10.1177/0003319715577529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lappé JM, Horne BD, Shah SH, et al. Red cell distribution width, C-reactive protein, the complete blood count, and mortality in patients with coronary disease and a normal comparison population. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412(23–24):2094–2099. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangoi MB, Rödel A, Zorzo P, et al. Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width in prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Lab. 2014;60(8):1351–1356. doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2013.130907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyarel H, Işık T, Ayhan E, Ergelen M. Red cell distribution width (RDW): a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2012;154:351–352. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ani C, Ovbiagele B. Elevated red blood cell distribution width predicts mortality in persons with known stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2009;277(1–2):103–108. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.10.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassale C, Curtis A, Abete I, van der Schouw Y, Verschuren W, Lu Y. Elements of the complete blood count associated with cardiovascular disease incidence: findings from the EPIC-NL cohort study. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1–11. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21661-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen P-C, Sung F-C, Chien K-L, Hsu H-C, T-C S, Lee Y-T. Red blood cell distribution width and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in a community cohort in Taiwan. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(2):214–220. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solak Y, Yilmaz MI, Saglam M, et al. Mean corpuscular volume is associated with endothelial dysfunction and predicts composite cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology. 2013;18(11):728–735. doi:10.1111/nep.12130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myojo M, Iwata H, Kohro T, et al. Prognostic implication of macrocytosis on adverse outcomes after coronary intervention. Atherosclerosis. 2012;221(1):148–153. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tülübaş F, Gürel A, Akkoyun DC, et al. MCV and MCH values in coronary artery patients with positive Gensini score. Eur J Gen Med. 2013;10(3):131–135. doi:10.29333/ejgm/82240
   Google Scholar
• Douda T, Bures J, Rejchrt S, Kopácová M, Pecka M, Malý J. Mean platelet volume (MPV) in Crohn’s disease patients. Cas Lek Cesk. 2006;145(11):870–873.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gunluoglu G, Ertan E, Veske NS, Seyhan EC, Altin S. Mean platelet volume as an inflammation marker in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):1–5. doi:10.1186/2049-6958-9-11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Safak S, Uslu AU, Serdal K, Turker T, Sonar S, Lutfi A. Association between mean platelet volume levels and inflammation in SLE patients presented with arthritis. Afr Health Sci. 2014;14(4):919–924. doi:10.4314/ahs.v14i4.21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zareifar S, Farahmand Far MR, Golfeshan F, Cohan N. Changes in platelet count and mean platelet volume during infectious and inflammatory disease and their correlation with ESR and CRP. J Clin Lab Anal. 2014;28(3):245–248. doi:10.1002/jcla.21673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihara A, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto K, et al. Relationship between platelet indexes and coronary angiographic findings in patients with ischemic heart disease. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2006;35(5):376–379. doi:10.1159/000097692
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maluf CB, Barreto SM, Dos Reis Rc R, Vidigal PG. Platelet volume is associated with the Framingham risk score for cardiovascular disease in the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil). Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54(5):879–887. doi:10.1515/cclm-2015-0686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murat SN, Duran M, Kalay N, et al. Relation between mean platelet volume and severity of atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Angiology. 2013;64(2):131–136. doi:10.1177/0003319711436247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henning BF, Zidek W, Linder B, Tepel M. Mean platelet volume and coronary heart disease in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2002;25(2):103–108. doi:10.1159/000063516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taheri S, Baradaran A, Aliakbarian M, Mortazavi M. Level of inflammatory factors in chronic hemodialysis patients with and without cardiovascular disease. J Res Med Sci. 2017;22. doi:10.4103/jrms.JRMS_282_15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2010;122(25):e584–e636. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182051b4c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva D, de Lacerda AP. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a biomarker of risk in coronary artery disease. Rev Port Cardiol. 2012;31(11):733–745. doi:10.1016/j.repc.2012.02.018
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seo SM, Baek SH, Jeon HK, et al. Correlations between the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults with cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus: the CALLISTO study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013;20(7):616–622. doi:10.5551/jat.16089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14 719 initially healthy American women. Circulation. 2003;107(3):391–397. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000055014.62083.05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowta MN, Adhikari PM, Sinha R, Acharya SD, Gopalakrishna H, Ramapuram JT. Highly sensitive C reactive protein in patients with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2012;5(2):98–102. doi:10.4103/1755-6783.95960
   Google Scholar
• Yarlioglues M, Kaya MG, Ardic I, et al. Relationship between mean platelet volume levels and subclinical target organ damage in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Blood Press. 2011;20(2):92–97. doi:10.3109/08037051.2010.532317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya MG, Yarlioglues M, Gunebakmaz O, et al. Platelet activation and inflammatory response in patients with non-dipper hypertension. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209(1):278–282. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazici S, Yazici M, Erer B, et al. The platelet indices in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: mean platelet volume reflects disease activity. Platelets. 2010;21(2):122–125. doi:10.3109/09537100903474373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapsoritakis AN, Koukourakis MI, Sfiridaki A, et al. Mean platelet volume: a useful marker of inflammatory bowel disease activity. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(3):776–781. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03621.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koren-Morag N, Tanne D, Goldbourt U. White blood cell count and the incidence of ischemic stroke in coronary heart disease patients. Am J Med. 2005;118(9):1004–1009. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madjid M, Awan I, Willerson JT, Casscells SW. Leukocyte count and coronary heart disease: implications for risk assessment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(10):1945–1956. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland JP, McKinley B, Eckel RH. The metabolic syndrome and inflammation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2004;2(2):82–104. doi:10.1089/met.2004.2.82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi M, Heidari-Bakavoli AR, Shoeibi S, et al. Association of serum hs-CRP levels with the presence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors. J Clin Lab Anal. 2016;30(5):672–676. doi:10.1002/jcla.21920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamai L, Lurix E, Shen M, et al. Association of body mass index and lipid profiles: evaluation of a broad spectrum of body mass index patients including the morbidly obese. Obes Surg. 2011;21(1):42–47. doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0170-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh P, Singh SK, Reddy VK, Sharma S, Chandra S, Vijay P. A study on association of age, gender, and body mass index with hematological parameters. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2021;19(2):109. doi:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_114_20
   Google Scholar