Retinal Microvascular Diameters are Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

References

• Ahmad E, Lim S, Lamptey R, et al. Type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2022;400(10365):1803–1820. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01655-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohandes S, Doke T, Hu H, et al. Molecular pathways that drive diabetic kidney disease. J Clin Invest. 2023;133(4):e165654. doi:10.1172/JCI165654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen KL, Chertow GM, Foley RN, et al. US renal data system 2020 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(4 Suppl 1):A7–A8. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuttle KR, Jones CR, Daratha B, et al. Incidence of chronic kidney disease among adults with diabetes, 2015–2020. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(15):1430–1431. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2207018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes JM, Cooper ME. Mechanisms of diabetic complications. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):137–188. doi:10.1152/physrev.00045.2011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt C. Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in diabetic kidney disease. Nature. 2023;615(7951):S8–S9. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00651-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niewczas MA, Pavkov ME, Skupien J, et al. A signature of circulating inflammatory proteins and development of end-stage renal disease in diabetes. Nat Med. 2019;25(5):805–813. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0415-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stitt AW, Curtis TM, Chen M, et al. The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016;51:156–186. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishriky BM, Cummings DM, Powell JR. Diabetes-related microvascular complications - a practical approach. Prim Care. 2022;49(2):239–254. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2021.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cankurtaran V, Inanc M, Tekin K, et al. Retinal microcirculation in predicting diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2020;243(4):271–279. doi:10.1159/000504943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Coresh J, Klein R, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and renal dysfunction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(9):2469–2476. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000136133.28194.E4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CW, Wong TY, Cheng CY, et al. Kidney and eye diseases: common risk factors, etiological mechanisms, and pathways. Kidney Int. 2014;85(6):1290–1302. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanssen H, Streese L, Vilser W. Retinal vessel diameters and function in cardiovascular risk and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2022;91:101095. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronov M, Allon R, Stave D, et al. Retinal vascular signs as screening and prognostic factors for chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence. J Pers Med. 2021;11(7):665. doi:10.3390/jpm11070665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Microvascular complications and foot care: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S151–S167. doi:10.2337/dc21-S011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998;15(7):539–553. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudtson MD, Lee KE, Hubbard LD, et al. Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. Curr Eye Res. 2003;27(3):143–149. doi:10.1076/ceyr.27.3.143.16049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Knudtson MD, Klein R, et al. Computer-assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: methodology, correlation between eyes, and effect of refractive errors. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(6):1183–1190. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.09.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassen E, Daehn IS. Molecular mechanisms in early diabetic kidney disease: glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(24):9456. doi:10.3390/ijms21249456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jourde-Chiche N, Fakhouri F, Dou L, et al. Endothelium structure and function in kidney health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019;15(2):87–108. doi:10.1038/s41581-018-0098-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic options. Biomedicines. 2022;10(9):2274. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaikijurajai T, Ehlers JP, Tang W. Retinal microvasculature: a potential window into heart failure prevention. JACC Heart Fail. 2022;10(11):785–791. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2022.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liew G, Mitchell P, Wong TY, et al. Retinal microvascular signs are associated with chronic kidney disease in persons with and without diabetes. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2012;35(6):589–594. doi:10.1159/000339173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai S, Perrotta AM, Bagordo D, et al. Literature review on the cross-link between ocular and renal disease: renin angiotensin aldosterone system is a main actor. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26(13):4774–4788. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202207_29203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong FJ, Schrijvers EM, Ikram MK, et al. Retinal vascular caliber and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam study. Neurology. 2011;76(9):816–821. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820e7baa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikram MK, de Jong FJ, Vingerling JR, et al. Are retinal arteriolar or venular diameters associated with markers for cardiovascular disorders? The Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(7):2129–2134. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Islam FM, Klein R, et al. Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (Mesa). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(6):2341–2350. doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein R, Klein BE, Knudtson MD, et al. Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(1):87–94. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.1.87
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yip W, Ong PG, Teo BW, et al. Retinal vascular imaging markers and incident chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):9374. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09204-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Pistilli M, Ying GS, et al. Retinopathy and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study). Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(10):1527–1533. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. Retinal vessel caliber and microvascular and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: XXI: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(10):1884–1892. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.02.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broe R, Rasmussen ML, Frydkjaer-Olsen U, et al. Retinal vessel calibers predict long-term microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: the Danish Cohort of Pediatric Diabetes 1987 (DCPD1987). Diabetes. 2014;63(11):3906–3914. doi:10.2337/db14-0227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers CE, Klein R, Knudtson MD, et al. Determinants of retinal venular diameter: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(12):2563–2571. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daien V, Kawasaki R, Villain M, et al. Retinal vascular caliber is associated with renal function in apparently healthy subjects. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013;91(4):e283–e288. doi:10.1111/aos.12094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabanayagam C, Shankar A, Klein BE, et al. Bidirectional association of retinal vessel diameters and estimated GFR decline: the Beaver Dam CKD Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;57(5):682–691. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.11.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabanayagam C, Shankar A, Koh D, et al. Retinal microvascular caliber and chronic kidney disease in an Asian population. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(5):625–632. doi:10.1093/aje/kwn367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keel S, Itsiopoulos C, Koklanis K, et al. Retinal vascular caliber and kidney function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2017;24(3):204–208. doi:10.1080/09286586.2016.1267230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabanayagam C, Tai ES, Shankar A, et al. Retinal arteriolar narrowing increases the likelihood of chronic kidney disease in hypertension. J Hypertens. 2009;27(11):2209–2217. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328330141d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Klein R, Klein BE, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and their relationship with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;46(1):59–80. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(01)00234-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Klein R, Sharrett AR, et al. Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. JAMA. 2002;287(9):1153–1159. doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar