174
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Causal Paradigm Between Common Comorbidities of Cardiovascular and Metabolism-Related Diseases in Elderly: Evidence from Cross-Sectional and Mendelian Randomization Studies

, , , , &
Pages 2953-2966 | Received 22 Jun 2023, Accepted 19 Sep 2023, Published online: 22 Sep 2023

References

  • Bauer UE, Briss PA, Goodman RA, Bowman BA. Prevention of chronic disease in the 21st century: elimination of the leading preventable causes of premature death and disability in the USA. Lancet. 2014;384(9937):45–52. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60648-6
  • Gaziano TA, Pagidipati N. Scaling up chronic disease prevention interventions in lower- and middle-income countries. Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34(1):317–335. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114402
  • Valderas JM, Starfield B, Sibbald B, Salisbury C, Roland M. Defining comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7(4):357–363. doi:10.1370/afm.983
  • Salive ME. Multimorbidity in older adults. Epidemiol Rev. 2013;35(1):75–83. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxs009
  • Schafer I, von Leitner EC, Schon G, et al. Multimorbidity patterns in the elderly: a new approach of disease clustering identifies complex interrelations between chronic conditions. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e15941. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015941
  • Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012;2(2):1143–1211.
  • Westreich D. Epidemiology by Design: A Causal Approach to the Health Sciences. Oxford University Press; 2019.
  • Benson K, Hartz AJ. A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(25):1878–1886. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006223422506
  • Budu-Aggrey A, Paternoster L. Research techniques made simple: using genetic variants for randomization. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(7):1416–1421 e1411. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1138
  • van den Bussche H, Koller D, Kolonko T, et al. Which chronic diseases and disease combinations are specific to multimorbidity in the elderly? Results of a claims data based cross-sectional study in Germany. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):101. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-101
  • Feng R, Lu M, Xu J, et al. Pulmonary embolism and 529 human blood metabolites: genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Genom Data. 2022;23(1):69. doi:10.1186/s12863-022-01082-6
  • Burgess S, Thompson SG, Collaboration CCG. Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):755–764. doi:10.1093/ije/dyr036
  • Staley JR, Blackshaw J, Kamat MA, et al. PhenoScanner: a database of human genotype-phenotype associations. Bioinformatics. 2016;32(20):3207–3209. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw373
  • Kamat MA, Blackshaw JA, Young R, et al. PhenoScanner V2: an expanded tool for searching human genotype-phenotype associations. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(22):4851–4853. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz469
  • Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(5):693–698. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0099-7
  • Davey Smith G, Hemani G. Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(R1):R89–98. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu328
  • Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(2):512–525. doi:10.1093/ije/dyv080
  • Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. Elife. 2018;7. doi:10.7554/eLife.34408
  • Hemani G, Tilling K, Davey Smith G, Li J. Orienting the causal relationship between imprecisely measured traits using GWAS summary data. PLoS Genet. 2017;13(11):e1007081. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007081
  • Yildiz M, Esenboga K, Oktay AA. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus: highlights of a complex relationship. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2020;35(4):397–404. doi:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000748
  • Ferrannini E, Cushman WC. Diabetes and hypertension: the bad companions. Lancet. 2012;380(9841):601–610. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60987-8
  • Wise J. High blood pressure is linked to increased risk of diabetes. BMJ. 2015;351:h5167. doi:10.1136/bmj.h5167
  • Yamazaki D, Hitomi H, Nishiyama A. Hypertension with diabetes mellitus complications. Hypertens Res. 2018;41(3):147–156. doi:10.1038/s41440-017-0008-y
  • Yang X, Chen J, Pan A, et al. Association between higher blood pressure and risk of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(3):436–445. doi:10.4093/dmj.2019.0081
  • Chen Y, Ma J, Lu D, Fang Y. The risk factors of type 2 diabetes in hypertensive subjects. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:901614. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.901614
  • Tian X, Zuo Y, Chen S, et al. Hypertension, arterial stiffness, and diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Hypertension. 2022;79(7):1487–1496. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19256
  • Toyama M, Watanabe S, Miyauchi T, et al. Diabetes and obesity are significant risk factors for morning hypertension: from Ibaraki Hypertension Assessment Trial (I-HAT). Life Sci. 2014;104(1–2):32–37. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.029
  • Li AL, Peng Q, Shao YQ, Fang X, Zhang YY. The interaction on hypertension between family history and diabetes and other risk factors. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):4716. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83589-z
  • Sun D, Zhou T, Heianza Y, et al. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Circ Res. 2019;124(6):930–937. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.314487
  • Jia Y, Guo D, Sun L, et al. Diet, lifestyle behaviours and other risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes beyond body mass index: a Mendelian randomization study. Can J Diabetes. 2022;46(8):822–828. doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.06.001
  • Huang J, Huffman JE, Huang Y, et al. Genomics and phenomics of body mass index reveals a complex disease network. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35553-2
  • Karr S. Epidemiology and management of hyperlipidemia. Am J Manag Care. 2017;23(9 Suppl):S139–s148.
  • Chen G, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang ST. Nutraceuticals and functional foods in the management of hyperlipidemia. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(9):1180–1201. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.629354
  • Dubow J, Fink ME. Impact of hypertension on stroke. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2011;13(4):298–305. doi:10.1007/s11883-011-0187-y
  • Rantakomi SH, Laukkanen JA, Sivenius J, Kauhanen J, Kurl S. Alcohol consumption and the risk of stroke among hypertensive and overweight men. J Neurol. 2013;260(2):534–539. doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6672-6
  • Alloubani A, Saleh A, Abdelhafiz I. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus as a predictive risk factors for stroke. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018;12(4):577–584. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.03.009
  • Huang Y, Cai X, Li Y, et al. Prehypertension and the risk of stroke: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2014;82(13):1153–1161. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000268
  • Campbell BCV, Khatri P. Stroke. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):129–142. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31179-X
  • Cheung BM, Li C. Diabetes and hypertension: is there a common metabolic pathway? Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2012;14(2):160–166. doi:10.1007/s11883-012-0227-2
  • Liu LY, Gu Q, Hu X, Fan J, Liu XZ. Potential mediators of causal associations of circulating triglycerides with blood pressure: evidence from genetic and observational data. Hypertension. 2022;79(11):2439–2447. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19510
  • Wan EYF, Fung WT, Schooling CM, et al. Blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in UK biobank: a mendelian randomization study. Hypertension. 2021;77(2):367–375. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16138
  • Rayes B, Ardissino M, Slob EAW, Patel KHK, Girling J, Ng FS. Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with future cardiovascular disease. JAMA Network Open. 2023;6(2):e230034. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0034