Formate Might Be a Novel Potential Serum Metabolic Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

References

• Bellary S, Kyrou I, Brown JE, Bailey CJ. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(9):534–548. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00512-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho NR, Yu Y, Oh CK, et al. Neuropeptide Y: a potential theranostic biomarker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2021;12:20406223211041936. doi:10.1177/20406223211041936
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks CW, Selvin E. Epidemiology of peripheral neuropathy and lower extremity disease in diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(10):86. doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1212-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan G, Selvarajah D, Tesfaye S. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(7):400–420. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00496-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javed S, Hayat T, Menon L, Alam U, Malik RA. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes: too little too late. Diabet Med. 2020;37(4):573–579. doi:10.1111/dme.14194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan P, Wan Q, Zhang Z, et al. Decreased physiological serum total bile acid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:2883–2892. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S313488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elafros MA, Andersen H, Bennett DL, et al. Towards prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and new treatments. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(10):922–936. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00188-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberger DC, Blechschmidt V, Timmerman H, Wolff A, Treede RD. Challenges of neuropathic pain: focus on diabetic neuropathy. J Neural Transm. 2020;127(4):589–624. doi:10.1007/s00702-020-02145-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubey D, Kumar S, Chaurasia S, et al. NMR-based serum metabolomics revealed distinctive metabolic patterns in reactive arthritis compared with rheumatoid arthritis. J Proteome Res. 2019;18(1):130–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang WD, Huang PJ, Xiong LH, et al. Metabolomics and its application in the mechanism analysis on diabetic bone metabolic abnormality. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(18):9591–9600. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202009_23047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Coco L, Vergara D, De Matteis S, et al. NMR-based metabolomic approach tracks potential serum biomarkers of disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Med. 2019;8(5):720. doi:10.3390/jcm8050720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawat A, Misra G, Saxena M, et al. (1)H NMR based serum metabolic profiling reveals differentiating biomarkers in patients with diabetes and diabetes-related complication. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(1):290–298. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvarajah D, Kar D, Khunti K, et al. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: advances in diagnosis and strategies for screening and early intervention. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(12):938–948. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30081-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes A. 2. classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Suppl 1):S13–S28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kristensen AG, Gylfadottir S, Itani M, et al. Sensory and motor axonal excitability testing in early diabetic neuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021;132(7):1407–1415. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Guo S, Wang W, et al. Neuropathy scale score as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2022;38(7):e3561. doi:10.1002/dmrr.3561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Ji L, Zheng H, et al. Low serum phosphate and magnesium levels are associated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;146:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang XH, Xu S, Zhou XY, et al. Low chorionic villous succinate accumulation associates with recurrent spontaneous abortion risk. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3428. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23827-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Liu L, Chen WC, et al. Gestational leucylation suppresses embryonic T-Box transcription factor 5 signal and causes congenital heart disease. Adv Sci. 2022;9(15):e2201034. doi:10.1002/advs.202201034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhawal R, Fu Q, Anderson ET, Gibson GE, Zhang S. Serum metabolomic and lipidomic profiling reveals novel biomarkers of efficacy for benfotiamine in alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(24):13188. doi:10.3390/ijms222413188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su JB, Zhao LH, Zhang XL, et al. HbA1c variability and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):47. doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0693-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu S, Chen Y, Hou X, et al. Serum uric acid levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53(2):1045–1051. doi:10.1007/s12035-014-9075-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao W, Zeng H, Zhang X, et al. A high thyroid stimulating hormone level is associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016;115:122–129. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.01.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan P, Tang Q, Wu Y, et al. Serum albumin was negatively associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Chinese population: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2021;13(1):100. doi:10.1186/s13098-021-00718-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Liu F, Shen J, et al. Association between serum cystatin C and diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a cross-sectional study of a Chinese type 2 diabetic population. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171(5):641–648. doi:10.1530/EJE-14-0381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Zhang H, Xie M, Yan L, Chen J, Wang H. NSE, a potential biomarker, is closely connected to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3405–3410. doi:10.2337/dc13-0590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu W, Luo M, Fang X, et al. Discovery of metabolic biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population. Nutr Metab. 2021;18(1):79. doi:10.1186/s12986-021-00606-8
   Google Scholar
• Quek DQY, He F, Sultana R, et al. Novel serum and urinary metabolites Associated with diabetic retinopathy in three Asian Cohorts. Metabolites. 2021;11(9). doi:10.3390/metabo11090614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meiser J, Tumanov S, Maddocks O, et al. Serine one-carbon catabolism with formate overflow. Sci Adv. 2016;2(10):e1601273. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietzke M, Arroyo SF, Sumpton D, et al. Stratification of cancer and diabetes based on circulating levels of formate and glucose. Cancer Metab. 2019;7(1):3. doi:10.1186/s40170-019-0195-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bertini I, Cacciatore S, Jensen BV, et al. Metabolomic NMR fingerprinting to identify and predict survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 2012;72(1):356–364. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt RE. Mitochondriopathy: the unifying concept in distal neuropathies? Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;145:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gundu C, Arruri VK, Sherkhane B, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Indole-3-propionic acid attenuates high glucose induced ER stress response and augments mitochondrial function by modulating PERK-IRE1-ATF4-CHOP signalling in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022;1–14. doi:10.1080/13813455.2021.2024577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao XR, Ong SE, Goldberger O, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction remodels one-carbon metabolism in human cells. Elife. 2016;5. doi:10.7554/eLife.10575
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handzlik MK, Gengatharan JM, Frizzi KE, et al. Insulin-regulated serine and lipid metabolism drive peripheral neuropathy. Nature. 2023;614(7946):118–124. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05637-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Ye X, Ding D, Lu Y. Characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with peripheral neuropathy associated with type 2 diabetes. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(9):300060520936806. doi:10.1177/0300060520936806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen P, Wang C, Ren YN, Ye ZJ, Jiang C, Wu ZB. Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in the context of neuropathic pain. Mol Brain. 2021;14(1):50. doi:10.1186/s13041-021-00765-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes ER, Winter MG, Duerkop BA, et al. Microbial respiration and formate oxidation as metabolic signatures of inflammation-Associated Dysbiosis. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;21(2):208–219. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT. Formate: the neglected member of one-carbon metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. 2016;36(1):369–388. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050738
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang X, Chen Z, Geng B, Cai J, D Elia L. The bidirectional signal communication of microbiota-gut-brain axis in hypertension. Int J Hypertens. 2021;2021:8174789. doi:10.1155/2021/8174789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhat EK, Sher EK, Dzidic-Krivic A, Banjari I, Sher F. Functional biotransformation of phytoestrogens by gut microbiota with impact on cancer treatment. J Nutr Biochem. 2023;118:109368. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roschel H, Gualano B, Ostojic SM, Rawson ES. Creatine supplementation and brain health. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):586. doi:10.3390/nu13020586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poortmans JR, Kumps A, Duez P, Fofonka A, Carpentier A, Francaux M. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on urinary methylamine, formaldehyde, and formate. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(10):1717–1720. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000176398.64189.e6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, DiBattista A, Patel MA, et al. A distinct metabolite signature in military personnel exposed to repetitive low-level blasts. Front Neurol. 2022;13:831792. doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.831792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrausch B, Tabibiazar R, Roser T, et al. A purine-sensitive pathway regulates multiple genes involved in axon regeneration in goldfish retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci. 2000;20(21):8031–8041. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-21-08031.2000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen LB, Levinson DJ. Origin and extrarenal elimination of uric acid in man. Nephron. 1975;14(1):7–20. doi:10.1159/000180432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichida K, Matsuo H, Takada T, et al. Decreased extra-renal urate excretion is a common cause of hyperuricemia. Nat Commun. 2012;3(1):764. doi:10.1038/ncomms1756
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, et al. The gut microbiota as a target to control hyperuricemia pathogenesis: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(14):3979–3989. doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1874287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwadate Y, Kato JI, Galperin MY. Identification of a formate-dependent uric acid degradation pathway in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 2019;201(11). doi:10.1128/JB.00573-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Zhou Y, Cheng S, Sun JL, Yao H, Ma L. Effect of uric acid on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Genet Mol Res. 2016;15(2). doi:10.4238/gmr.15028644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher EK, Prnjavorac B, Farhat EK, Palic B, Ansar S, Sher F. Effect of diabetic neuropathy on reparative ability and immune response system. Mol Biotechnol. 2023. doi:10.1007/s12033-023-00813-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Feng J, Tang L. Early renal structural changes and potential biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy. Front Physiol. 2022;13:1020443. doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1020443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar