Association Between Thyroid Parameters and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Hospitalised Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

References

• Dal Canto E, Ceriello A, Ryden L, et al. Diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor: an overview of global trends of macro and micro vascular complications. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26:25–32. doi:10.1177/2047487319878371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375:2215–2222. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balletshofer B, Bockler D, Diener H, et al. Position paper on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in people with diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2022;130:S127–S136. doi:10.1055/a-1624-3631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adedokun TA, Kwaghe VG, Adedokun O, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis amongst adults living with HIV in university of abuja teaching hospital, Gwagwalada. Front Reprod Health. 2023;5:1092211. doi:10.3389/frph.2023.1092211
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ballotari P, Ranieri SC, Luberto F, et al. Sex differences in cardiovascular mortality in diabetics and nondiabetic subjects: a population-based study (Italy). Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:914057. doi:10.1155/2015/914057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Srinivasan M, et al. Trends in cause-specific mortality among adults with and without diagnosed diabetes in the USA: an epidemiological analysis of linked national survey and vital statistics data. Lancet. 2018;391:2430–2440. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30314-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer M, Caviezel S, Teynor A, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness as a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13705. doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johri AM, Nambi V, Naqvi TZ, et al. Recommendations for the assessment of carotid arterial plaque by ultrasound for the characterization of atherosclerosis and evaluation of cardiovascular risk: from the American society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33:917–933. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulou AM, Bakogiannis N, Skrapari I, et al. Thyroid dysfunction and atherosclerosis: a systematic review. Vivo. 2020;34:3127–3136. doi:10.21873/invivo.12147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Hu Z, Tang W, et al. Association of thyroid hormone levels with microvascular complications in euthyroid type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022;15:2467–2477. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S354872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Chen T, Yu J, et al. Clinical associations of thyroid hormone levels with the risk of atherosclerosis in euthyroid type 2 diabetic patients in central China. Int J Endocrinol. 2020;2020:2172781. doi:10.1155/2020/2172781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, et al. Association of longitudinal trends in thyroid function with incident carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older euthyroid subjects: the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health (TCLSIH) cohort study. Age Ageing. 2022;51:afab276. doi:10.1093/ageing/afab276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:604–612. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katakami N, Matsuoka TA, Shimomura I. Clinical utility of carotid ultrasonography: application for the management of patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10:883–898. doi:10.1111/jdi.13042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laclaustra M, Moreno-Franco B, Lou-Bonafonte JM, et al. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:303–310. doi:10.2337/dc18-1410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappelli C, Rotondi M, Pirola I, et al. TSH-lowering effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients: differences between euthyroid, untreated hypothyroid, and euthyroid on L-T4 therapy patients. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1589–1590. doi:10.2337/dc09-0273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagi H, Pohlenz J, Hayashi Y, et al. Resistance to thyroid hormone caused by two mutant thyroid hormone receptors beta, R243Q and R243W, with marked impairment of function that cannot be explained by altered in vitro 3,5,3’-triiodothyroinine binding affinity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:1608–1614. doi:10.1210/jcem.82.5.3945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao W, Guo W, Guo Y, et al. Thyroid hormone concentrations in severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44:1031–1040. doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01460-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–281. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan J, Watanabe T. Atherosclerosis: known and unknown. Pathol Int. 2022;72:151–160. doi:10.1111/pin.13202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning Y, Cheng YJ, Liu LJ, et al. What is the association of hypothyroidism with risks of cardiovascular events and mortality? A meta-analysis of 55 cohort studies involving 1,898,314. BMC Med. 2017;15:21. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0777-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peixoto DME, Bittencourt MS, Pereira AC, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness in cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26:915–921. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao N, Zhang W, Zhang YZ, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2013;227:18–25. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bano A, Chaker L, Mattace-Raso F, et al. Thyroid function and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Rotterdam study. Circ Res. 2017;121:1392–1400. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluvic ZM, Zafirovic SS, Obradovic MM, et al. Hypothyroidism and risk of cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28:2065–2072. doi:10.2174/1381612828666220620160516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Lu P, Zhang L, et al. Association between lipids profile and thyroid parameters in euthyroid diabetic subjects: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2015;15:12. doi:10.1186/s12902-015-0008-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razvi S, Jabbar A, Pingitore A, et al. Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular function and diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:1781–1796. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendran S, Shen X, Glawe J, et al. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide regulation of ischemic vascular growth and remodeling. Compr Physiol. 2019;9:1213–1247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billon C, Canaple L, Fleury S, et al. TRalpha protects against atherosclerosis in male mice: identification of a novel anti-inflammatory property for TRalpha in mice. Endocrinology. 2014;155:2735–2745. doi:10.1210/en.2014-1098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neggazi S, Hamlat N, Canaple L, et al. TRalpha inhibits arterial renin-angiotensin system expression and prevents cholesterol accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Ann Endocrinol. 2019;80:89–95. doi:10.1016/j.ando.2018.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin A, Beckman JA, Schmidt AM, et al. Advanced glycation end products: sparking the development of diabetic vascular injury. Circulation. 2006;114:597–605. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.621854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu F, Shi Q, Wang Y, et al. Visit-to-visit glycated hemoglobin A1c variability in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin Med J. 2022;135:2294–2300. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Huang H, Yan X, et al. Glycated haemoglobin A1c variability score elicits kidney function decline in Chinese people living with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Med. 2022;11:6692. doi:10.3390/jcm11226692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Nemeth I, Donnelly L, et al. Visit-to-Visit HbA(1c) variability is associated with cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:426–432. doi:10.2337/dc19-0823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yavuz DG, Temizkan S, Yazici D. Serum Carboxymethyl-Lysine and Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation end Products in Hyperthyroid and Hypothyroid Patients. Acta Endocrinol. 2022;18:436–441. doi:10.4183/aeb.2022.436
   Google Scholar
• Mullur R, Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014;94:355–382. doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J, Xiang X, Qin Y, et al. Correlation of thyroid-related hormones with vascular complications in type 2 diabetes patients with euthyroid. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:1037969. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1037969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin K, Zhang F, Wu Q, et al. Thyroid hormone changes in euthyroid patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:2533–2540. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S260039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Li Z, Yang T, et al. Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones and carotid plaque in patients with coronary heart disease: a RCSCD-TCM study in China. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:940633. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.940633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar