116
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

From Metabolically Healthy Obesity to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity Populations: Decreased Bone Turnover Bioactivity

ORCID Icon &
Pages 3657-3667 | Received 09 Sep 2023, Accepted 10 Nov 2023, Published online: 15 Nov 2023

References

  • Liu J, Zhang L, Fu J, Wang Q, Wang G. Circulating prolactin level is increased in metabolically healthy obesity. Endocr Connect. 2021;10(4):484–491. doi:10.1530/EC-21-0040
  • Bluher M. Metabolically healthy obesity. Endocr Rev. 2020;41(3):bnaa004. doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa004
  • Stefan N, Haring HU, Hu FB, Schulze MB. Metabolically healthy obesity: epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1(2):152–162. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70062-7
  • Janicka A, Wren TA, Sanchez MM, et al. Fat mass is not beneficial to bone in adolescents and young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(1):143–147. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0794
  • Zhao LJ, Liu YJ, Liu PY, Hamilton J, Recker RR, Deng HW. Relationship of obesity with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(5):1640–1646. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0572
  • Sukumar D, Schlussel Y, Riedt CS, Gordon C, Stahl T, Shapses SA. Obesity alters cortical and trabecular bone density and geometry in women. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(2):635–645. doi:10.1007/s00198-010-1305-3
  • De Laet C, Kanis JA, Oden A, et al. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(11):1330–1338. doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1863-y
  • Wetzsteon RJ, Petit MA, Macdonald HM, Hughes JM, Beck TJ, McKay HA. Bone structure and volumetric BMD in overweight children: a longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23(12):1946–1953. doi:10.1359/jbmr.080810
  • Makovey J, Naganathan V, Sambrook P. Gender differences in relationships between body composition components, their distribution and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional opposite sex twin study. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(12):1495–1505. doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1841-4
  • Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(19):1350–1355. doi:10.1056/NEJM199211053271904
  • Kim HY, Choe JW, Kim HK, et al. Negative association between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density in Koreans, especially in men. Calcif Tissue Int. 2010;86(5):350–358. doi:10.1007/s00223-010-9347-2
  • Vigevano F, Gregori G, Colleluori G, et al. In men with obesity, T2DM is associated with poor trabecular microarchitecture and bone strength and low bone turnover. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(5):1362–1376. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab061
  • Ortega FB, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2016;118(11):1752–1770. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306883
  • Gomez-Zorita S, Queralt M, Vicente MA, Gonzalez M, Portillo MP. Metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically obese normal weight: a review. J Physiol Biochem. 2021;77(1):175–189. doi:10.1007/s13105-020-00781-x
  • Mongraw-Chaffin M, Foster MC, Anderson CAM, et al. Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(17):1857–1865. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.055
  • Inker LA, Titan S. Measurement and estimation of GFR for use in clinical practice: core curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;78(5):736–749. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.04.016
  • Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M, et al. Visceral Adiposity Index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):920–922. doi:10.2337/dc09-1825
  • Tchernof A, Despres JP. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):359–404. doi:10.1152/physrev.00033.2011
  • Eckel N, Meidtner K, Kalle-Uhlmann T, Stefan N, Schulze MB. Metabolically healthy obesity and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(9):956–966. doi:10.1177/2047487315623884
  • Kramer CK, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(11):758–769. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00008
  • Bell JA, Kivimaki M, Hamer M. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2014;15(6):504–515. doi:10.1111/obr.12157
  • Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, Tanaka M, Obora A, Kojima T, Fukui M. Metabolically healthy obesity without fatty liver and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2018;12(1):4–15. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2017.12.003
  • Neeland IJ, Ross R, Despres JP, et al. Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(9):715–725. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30084-1
  • Hwang YC, Hayashi T, Fujimoto WY, et al. Visceral abdominal fat accumulation predicts the conversion of metabolically healthy obese subjects to an unhealthy phenotype. Int J Obes. 2015;39(9):1365–1370. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.75
  • Goday A, Calvo E, Vazquez LA, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolically healthy obese individuals and other obese/non-obese metabolic phenotypes in a working population: results from the Icaria study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:248. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2921-4
  • Stefan N, Schick F, Haring HU. Causes, characteristics, and consequences of metabolically unhealthy normal weight in humans. Cell Metab. 2017;26(2):292–300. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.008
  • Stefan N, Haring HU, Schulze MB. Metabolically healthy obesity: the low-hanging fruit in obesity treatment? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(3):249–258. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30292-9
  • Chen TP, Lin WY, Chiang CH, Shen TH, Huang KC, Yang KC. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity independent of visceral fat. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;36(10):2903–2910. doi:10.1111/jgh.15544
  • Farcas AD, Vonica CL, Golea A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bulb carotid intima-media thickness and obesity phenotypes: results of a prospective observational study. Med Ultrason. 2017;19(3):265–271. doi:10.11152/mu-1015
  • Dobson R, Burgess MI, Sprung VS, et al. Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity: differential effects on myocardial function according to metabolic syndrome, rather than obesity. Int J Obes. 2016;40(1):153–161. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.151
  • Karelis AD, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Can we identify metabolically healthy but obese individuals (MHO)? Diabetes Metab. 2004;30(6):569–572. doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70156-8
  • Marques Loureiro L, Lessa S, Mendes R, Pereira S, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A. Does the metabolically healthy obese phenotype protect adults with class III obesity from biochemical alterations related to bone metabolism? Nutrients. 2019;11(9). doi:10.3390/nu11092125
  • Mirzababaei A, Mirzaei K, Khorrami-Nezhad L, Maghbooli Z, Keshavarz SA. Metabolically healthy/unhealthy components may modify bone mineral density in obese people. Arch Osteoporos. 2017;12(1):95. doi:10.1007/s11657-017-0381-9
  • Chen H, He Y, Wu D, et al. Bone marrow sFRP5 level is negatively associated with bone formation markers. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(4):1305–1311. doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3873-3
  • D’Oronzo S, Brown J, Coleman R. The role of biomarkers in the management of bone-homing malignancies. J Bone Oncol. 2017;9:1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jbo.2017.09.001
  • Vilaca T, Evans A, Gossiel F, Paggiosi M, Eastell R, Walsh JS. Fat, adipokines, bone structure and bone regulatory factors associations in obesity. Eur J Endocrinol. 2022;187(6):743–750. doi:10.1530/EJE-22-0530
  • Andersson G, Ek-Rylander B, Hollberg K, et al. TRACP as an osteopontin phosphatase. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(10):1912–1915. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.10.1912
  • Halleen JM, Tiitinen SL, Ylipahkala H, Fagerlund KM, Vaananen HK. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) as a marker of bone resorption. Clin Lab. 2006;52(9–10):499–509.
  • Cabral HW, Andolphi BF, Ferreira BV, et al. The use of biomarkers in clinical osteoporosis. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2016;62(4):368–376. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.62.04.368
  • Marinho SM, Mafra D, Pelletier S, et al. In hemodialysis patients, intradialytic resistance exercise improves osteoblast function: a Pilot Study. J Ren Nutr. 2016;26(5):341–345. doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2016.03.002
  • Yu-Yahiro JA, Michael RH, Dubin NH, et al. Serum and urine markers of bone metabolism during the year after Hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(7):877–883. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49177.x
  • Yerlikaya FH, Eryavuz Onmaz D. Inflammation and bone turnover markers in adult obesity. J Clin Densitom. 2022;25(4):470–474. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2022.08.002
  • Bilinski WJ, Stefanska A, Szternel L, et al. Relationships between bone turnover markers and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in prepubertal girls and boys. Nutrients. 2022;14(6). doi:10.3390/nu14061205
  • Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Rakvaag E, Vestergaard P, et al. Consumption of nutrients and insulin resistance suppress markers of bone turnover in subjects with abdominal obesity. Bone. 2020;133:115230. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115230
  • Garnero P, Delmas PD. Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1997;26(4):913–936. doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70287-5
  • Garnero P, Delmas PD. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. Applications for osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27(2):303–323. doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70007-4
  • Melo TL, Froeder L, Baia LDC, Heilberg IP. Bone turnover after bariatric surgery. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(4):332–336. doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000279
  • Guo H, An Z, Wang N, et al. Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients with abdominal obesity are prone to osteodysfunction: a cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Res. 2023;2023:3872126. doi:10.1155/2023/3872126
  • Shepherd JA. Is osteoporosis an obesity paradox? J Clin Densitom. 2013;16(2):131–132. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2012.05.002
  • Fassio A, Idolazzi L, Rossini M, et al. The obesity paradox and osteoporosis. Eat Weight Disord. 2018;23(3):293–302. doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0505-2
  • Ghezelbash F, Shirazi-Adl A, Plamondon A, Arjmand N, Parnianpour M. Obesity and obesity shape markedly influence spine biomechanics: a subject-specific risk assessment model. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017;45(10):2373–2382. doi:10.1007/s10439-017-1868-7
  • Liu CT, Broe KE, Zhou Y, et al. Visceral adipose tissue is associated with bone microarchitecture in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2017;32(1):143–150. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2931
  • Pinar-Gutierrez A, Garcia-Fontana C, Garcia-Fontana B, Munoz-Torres M. Obesity and bone health: a complex relationship. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(15). doi:10.3390/ijms23158303
  • Hou J, He C, He W, Yang M, Luo X, Li C. Obesity and bone health: a complex link. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:600181. doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.600181
  • Kim YH, Nam GE, Cho KH, et al. Low bone mineral density is associated with dyslipidemia in South Korean men: the 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Endocr J. 2013;60(10):1179–1189. doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0224
  • Papachristou DJ, Blair HC. Bone and high-density lipoprotein: the beginning of a beautiful friendship. World J Orthop. 2016;7(2):74–77. doi:10.5312/wjo.v7.i2.74
  • Li S, Guo H, Liu Y, et al. Relationships of serum lipid profiles and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women. Clin Endocrinol. 2015;82(1):53–58. doi:10.1111/cen.12616
  • Ackert-Bicknell CL. HDL cholesterol and bone mineral density: is there a genetic link? Bone. 2012;50(2):525–533. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2011.07.002
  • Pagnotti GM, Styner M, Uzer G, et al. Combating osteoporosis and obesity with exercise: leveraging cell mechanosensitivity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15(6):339–355. doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0170-1