Abdominal obesity: causal factor or simply a symptom of obesity-related health risk

References

• Boffetta P McLerran D Chen Y Body mass index and diabetes in Asia: a cross-sectional pooled analysis of 900,000 individuals in the Asia cohort consortium PLoS One 2011 6 6 e19930 21731609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poirier P Giles TD Bray GA Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006 26 5 968 976 16627822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie SA Connell JM The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007 17 4 319 326 17110092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Després JP Lemieux I Bergeron J Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008 28 6 1039 1049 18356555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodpaster BH Thaete FL Simoneau JA Kelley DE Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat Diabetes 1997 46 10 1579 1585 9313753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein S The case of visceral fat: argument for the defense J Clin Invest 2004 113 11 1530 1532 15173878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KG Zimmet P Shaw J IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group The metabolic syndrome – a new worldwide definition Lancet 2005 366 9491 1059 1062 16182882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) JAMA 2001 285 19 2486 2497 11368702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuzawa Y Metabolic syndrome – definition and diagnostic criteria in Japan J Atheroscler Thromb 2005 12 6 301 16394611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutinho T Goel K Corrêa de Sá D Central obesity and survival in subjects with coronary artery disease: a systematic review of the literature and collaborative analysis with individual subject data J Am Coll Cardiol 2011 57 19 1877 1886 21545944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantartzis K Thamer C Peter A High cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of the reduction in liver fat during a lifestyle intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Gut 2009 58 9 1281 1288 19074179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaillzadeh A Kimiagar M Mehrabi Y Azadbakht L Hu FB Willett WC Fruit and vegetable intakes, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome Am J Clin Nutr 2006 84 6 1489 1497 17158434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim S Choi SH Jeong IK Insulin-sensitizing effects of exercise on adiponectin and retinol-binding protein-4 concentrations in young and middle-aged women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 6 2263 2268 18334592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguchi E Iso H Tanabe N Japan Collaborative Cohort Study Group Healthy lifestyle behaviours and cardiovascular mortality among Japanese men and women: the Japan collaborative cohort study Eur Heart J 2012 33 4 467 477 22334626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbrini E Tamboli RA Magkos F Surgical removal of omental fat does not improve insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adults Gastroenterology 2010 139 2 448 455 20457158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn JP Abumrad NN Breitman I Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity and diabetes remission at 1 month after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in patients randomized to omentectomy Diabetes Care 2012 35 1 137 142 22040841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanishi-Minami T Kishida K Nakagawa Y Carotid intima-media thickness, but not visceral fat area or adiponectin, correlates with intracoronary stenosis detected by multislice computed tomography in people with type 2 diabetes and hypertension Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012 95 1 e23 e26 22071433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbrini E Magkos F Mohammed BS Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 106 36 15430 15435 19706383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu MP Klopfenstein BJ Krisky CM Intrahepatic lipid, not visceral or muscle fat, is correlated with insulin resistance in older, female rhesus macaques Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013 21 10 2021 2028 23408675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews DR Hosker JP Rudenski AS Naylor BA Treacher DF Turner RC Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man Diabetologia 1985 28 7 412 419 3899825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Item F Konrad D Visceral fat and metabolic inflammation: the portal theory revisited Obes Rev 2012 13 Suppl 2 S30 S39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruun JM Lihn AS Pedersen SB Richelsen B Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release is higher in visceral than subcutaneous human adipose tissue (AT): implication of macrophages resident in the AT J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 90 4 2282 2289 15671098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso LV Havel RJ Hepatic metabolism of free fatty acids in normal and diabetic dogs J Clin Invest 1970 49 3 537 547 5415680
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen MD Is visceral fat involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome? Human model Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006 14 Suppl 1 20S 24S 16642959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein S Fontana L Young VL Absence of an effect of liposuction on insulin action and risk factors for coronary heart disease N Engl J Med 2004 350 25 2549 2557 15201411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahima RS Metabolic actions of adipocyte hormones: focus on adiponectin Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006 14 Suppl 1 9S 15S 16642957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu A Wang Y Keshaw H Xu LY Lam KS Cooper GJ The fat-derived hormone adiponectin alleviates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice J Clin Invest 2003 112 1 91 100 12840063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter EA Ruderman NB AMPK and the biochemistry of exercise: implications for human health and disease Biochem J 2009 418 2 261 275 19196246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyashita M Eto M Sasai H Tsujimoto T Nomata Y Tanaka K Twelve-week jogging training increases pre-heparin serum lipoprotein lipase concentrations in overweight/obese middle-aged men J Atheroscler Thromb 2010 17 1 21 29 20075597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY Lee YS Surh YJ Effects of exercise on inflammatory and antioxidative responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: NF-kB and Nrf2 as potential mediators Free Radic. Biol. Med 2011 51 Suppl S13 S14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt C Pedersen BK The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases J Biomed Biotechnol 2010 2010 520258 20224659
   PubMedGoogle Scholar