109
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Optical coherence tomography for retinal imaging in multiple sclerosis

, , , &
Pages 153-162 | Published online: 09 Dec 2014

References

  • Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2008;372(9648): 1502–1517.18970977
  • Balcer LJ. Clinical practice. Optic neuritis. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354(12): 1273–1280.16554529
  • Toosy AT, Mason DF, Miller DH. Optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol. 2014; 13(1): 83–99.24331795
  • Heesen C, Böhm J, Reich C, Kasper J, Goebel M, Gold SM. Patient perception of bodily functions in multiple sclerosis: gait and visual function are the most valuable. Mult Scler. 2008;14(7):988–991.18505775
  • Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, et al Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254(5035):1178–1181.1957169
  • Bock M, Paul F, Dörr J. [Diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis: the value of optical coherence tomography]. Nervenarzt. 2013;84(4):483–492. German.23423630
  • Drexler W, Fujimoto JG. State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2008;27(1):45–88.18036865
  • Parisi V, Manni G, Spadaro M, et al Correlation between morphological and functional retinal impairment in multiple sclerosis patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40(11):2520–2527.10509645
  • Saidha S, Syc SB, Durbin MK, et al Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Mult Scler. 2011;17(12):1449–1463.21865411
  • Saidha S, Syc SB, Ibrahim MA, et al Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain. 2011;134(Pt 2):518–533.21252110
  • Syc SB, Saidha S, Newsome SD, et al Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 2):521–533.22006982
  • Oberwahrenbrock T, Ringelstein M, Jentschke S, et al Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler. 2013;19(14):1887–1895.23702433
  • Ratchford JN, Saidha S, Sotirchos ES, et al Active MS is associated with accelerated retinal ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thinning. Neurology. 2013;80(1):47–54.23267030
  • Narayanan D, Cheng H, Bonem KN, Saenz R, Tang RA, Frishman LJ. Tracking changes over time in retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2014;20(10):1331–1341.24639478
  • Bock M, Brandt AU, Dörr J, et al Time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a comparative cross-sectional study. Mult Scler. 2010;16(7):893–896.20350961
  • Green AJ, McQuaid S, Hauser SL, Allen IV, Lyness R. Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration. Brain. 2010;133(Pt 6):1591–1601.20410146
  • Bock M, Brandt AU, Dörr J, et al Patterns of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in multiple sclerosis patients with or without optic neuritis and glaucoma patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2010;112(8):647–652.20452719
  • Oberwahrenbrock T, Schippling S, Ringelstein M, et al Retinal damage in multiple sclerosis disease subtypes measured by high-resolution optical coherence tomography. Mult Scler Int. 2012;2012:530305.22888431
  • Siger M, Dziegielewski K, Jasek L, et al Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer as a potential measure of axonal loss and brain atrophy. J Neurol. 2008; 255(10): 1555–1560.18825432
  • Sepulcre J, Murie-Fernandez M, Salinas-Alaman A, García-Layana A, Bejarano B, Villoslada P. Diagnostic accuracy of retinal abnormalities in predicting disease activity in MS. Neurology. 2007;68(18): 1488–1494.17470751
  • Ratchford JN, Quigg ME, Conger A, et al Optical coherence tomography helps differentiate neuromyelitis optica and MS optic neuropathies. Neurology. 2009;73(4):302–308.19636050
  • Grazioli E, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B, et al Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is associated with brain MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2008;268(1–2):12–17.18054962
  • Zaveri MS, Conger A, Salter A, et al Retinal imaging by laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography evidence of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(7):924–928.18625859
  • Albrecht P, Fröhlich R, Hartung HP, Kieseier BC, Methner A. Optical coherence tomography measures axonal loss in multiple sclerosis independently of optic neuritis. J Neurol. 2007;254(11):1595–1596.17987252
  • Costello F, Hodge W, Pan YI, Freedman M, DeMeulemeester C. Differences in retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy between multiple sclerosis subtypes. J Neurol Sci. 2009;281(1–2):74–79.19303605
  • Fisher JB, Jacobs DA, Markowitz CE, et al Relation of visual function to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(2):324–332.16406539
  • Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, et al Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(9):921–932.20723847
  • Albrecht P, Ringelstein M, Müller AK, et al Degeneration of retinal layers in multiple sclerosis subtypes quantified by optical coherence tomography. Mult Scler. 2012;18(10):1422–1429.22389411
  • Outteryck O, Zephir H, Defoort S, et al Optical coherence tomography in clinically isolated syndrome: no evidence of subclinical retinal axonal loss. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(11):1373–1377.19901169
  • Talman LS, Bisker ER, Sackel DJ, et al Longitudinal study of vision and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010;67(6):749–760.20517936
  • Serbecic N, Aboul-Enein F, Beutelspacher SC, et al High resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in multiple sclerosis: the first follow up study over two years. PLoS One. 2011;6(5): e19843.21611198
  • Parikh RS, Parikh SR, Sekhar GC, Prabakaran S, Babu JG, Thomas R. Normal age-related decay of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(5):921–926.17467529
  • Sung KR, Wollstein G, Bilonick RA, et al Effects of age on optical coherence tomography measurements of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer, macula, and optic nerve head. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(6): 1119–1124.19376593
  • Alamouti B, Funk J. Retinal thickness decreases with age: an OCT study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87(7):899–901.12812895
  • Celebi AR, Mirza GE. Age-related change in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(13):8095–8103.24194190
  • Balk LJ, Petzold A. Current and future potential of retinal optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis with and without optic neuritis. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2014;4(2):165–176.24832034
  • Vanburen JM. Trans-synaptic retrograde degeneration in the visual system of primates. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1963;26:402–409.14066630
  • Balk LJ, Steenwijk MD, Tewarie P, et al Bidirectional trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Epub June 27, 2014.
  • Jindahra P, Petrie A, Plant GT. Retrograde trans-synaptic retinal ganglion cell loss identified by optical coherence tomography. Brain. 2009;132(Pt 3):628–634.19224900
  • Brandt AU, Oberwahrenbrock T, Ringelstein M, et al Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain. 2011;134(Pt 11):e193; author reply e194.21596763
  • Gelfand JM, Nolan R, Schwartz DM, Graves J, Green AJ. Microcystic macular oedema in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease severity. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 6):1786–1793.22539259
  • Kaufhold F, Zimmermann H, Schneider E, et al Optic neuritis is associated with inner nuclear layer thickening and microcystic macular edema independently of multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8):e71145.23940706
  • Saidha S, Sotirchos ES, Ibrahim MA, et al Microcystic macular oedema, thickness of the inner nuclear layer of the retina, and disease characteristics in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(11):963–972.23041237
  • Brandt AU, Oberwahrenbrock T, Kadas EM, Lagrèze WA, Paul F. Dynamic formation of macular microcysts independent of vitreous traction changes. Neurology. 2014;83(1):73–77.24857925
  • Burggraaff MC, Trieu J, de Vries-Knoppert WA, Balk L, Petzold A. The clinical spectrum of microcystic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(2):952–961.24398089
  • Barboni P, Carelli V, Savini G, Carbonelli M, La Morgia C, Sadun AA. Microcystic macular degeneration from optical neuropathy: not inflammatory, not trans-synaptic degeneration. Brain. 2013;136(Pt 7):e239.23396580
  • Abegg M, Dysli M, Wolf S, Kowal J, Dufour P, Zinkernagel M. Microcystic macular edema: retrograde maculopathy caused by optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(1):142–149.24139122
  • Wolff B, Basdekidou C, Vasseur V, Mauget-Faÿsse M, Sahel JA, Vignal C. Retinal inner nuclear layer microcystic changes in optic nerve atrophy: a novel spectral-domain OCT finding. Retina. 2013;33(10): 2133–2138.23644558
  • Lujan BJ, Horton JC. Microcysts in the inner nuclear layer from optic atrophy are caused by retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration combined with vitreous traction on the retinal surface. Brain. 2013;136(Pt 11):e260.23872368
  • Winges KM, Werner JS, Harvey DJ, et al Baseline retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular volume quantified by OCT in the North American phase 3 fingolimod trial for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroophthalmol. 2013;33(4):322–329.24051419
  • Schinzel J, Zimmermann H, Paul F, et al Relations of low contrast visual acuity, quality of life and multiple sclerosis functional composite: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Neurol. 2014;14:31.24555757
  • Mowry EM, Loguidice MJ, Daniels AB, et al Vision related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: correlation with new measures of low and high contrast letter acuity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009; 80(7): 767–772.19240050
  • Balcer LJ, Frohman EM. Evaluating loss of visual function in multiple sclerosis as measured by low-contrast letter acuity. Neurology. 2010;74 Suppl 3:S16–S23.20421569
  • Walter SD, Ishikawa H, Galetta KM, et al Ganglion cell loss in relation to visual disability in multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmology. 2012; 119(6): 1250–1257.22365058
  • Bock M, Brandt AU, Kuchenbecker J, et al Impairment of contrast visual acuity as a functional correlate of retinal nerve fibre layer thinning and total macular volume reduction in multiple sclerosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(1):62–67.21378002
  • Villoslada P, Cuneo A, Gelfand J, Hauser SL, Green A. Color vision is strongly associated with retinal thinning in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012;18(7):991–999.22291035
  • Almarcegui C, Dolz I, Pueyo V, et al Correlation between functional and structural assessments of the optic nerve and retina in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurophysiol Clin. 2010;40(3):129–135.20513612
  • Tugcu B, Soysal A, Kılıc M, et al Assessment of structural and functıonal visual outcomes in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis with visual evoked potentials and optical coherence tomography. J Neurol Sci. 2013;335(1–2):182–185.24148562
  • Di Maggio G, Santangelo R, Guerrieri S, et al Optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials: which is more sensitive in multiple sclerosis? Mult Scler. 2014;20(10):1342–1347.24591532
  • Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ, et al Retinal nerve fiber layer axonal loss and visual dysfunction in optic neuritis. Ann Neurol. 2005;58(3):383–391.16075460
  • Pérez-Rico C, Ayuso-Peralta L, Rubio-Pérez L, et al Evaluation of visual structural and functional factors that predict the development of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndrome patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(10):6127–6131.25190654
  • Petzold A, Wattjes MP, Costello F, et al The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014; 10(8): 447–458.25002105
  • Gordon-Lipkin E, Chodkowski B, Reich DS, et al Retinal nerve fiber layer is associated with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2007;69(16):1603–1609.17938370
  • Stricker S, Oberwahrenbrock T, Zimmermann H, et al Temporal retinal nerve fiber loss in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e23024.21829579
  • Roth NM, Saidha S, Zimmermann H, et al Photoreceptor layer thinning in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2014;29(9):1163–1170.24789530
  • Roth NM, Saidha S, Zimmermann H, et al Optical coherence tomography does not support optic nerve involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20(8):1170–1176.23582075
  • Dörr J, Wernecke KD, Bock M, et al Association of retinal and macular damage with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18132.21494659
  • Frohman EM, Dwyer MG, Frohman T, et al Relationship of optic nerve and brain conventional and non-conventional MRI measures and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, as assessed by OCT and GDx: a pilot study. J Neurol Sci. 2009;282(1–2):96–105.19439327
  • Pfueller CF, Brandt AU, Schubert F, et al Metabolic changes in the visual cortex are linked to retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18019.21494672
  • Saidha S, Sotirchos ES, Oh J, et al Relationships between retinal axonal and neuronal measures and global central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(1): 34–43.23318513
  • Young KL, Brandt AU, Petzold A, et al Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer axons indicates white but not grey matter damage in early multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20(5):803–811.23369013
  • Zimmermann H, Freing A, Kaufhold F, et al Optic neuritis interferes with optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging correlations. Mult Scler. 2013;19(4):443–450.22936335
  • Sinnecker T, Oberwahrenbrock T, Metz I, et al Optic radiation damage in multiple sclerosis is associated with visual dysfunction and retinal thinning – an ultrahigh-field MR pilot study. Eur Radiol. Epub August 17, 2014.
  • Gabilondo I, Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Martínez-Heras E, et al Trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2014;75(1):98–107.24114885
  • Balk LJ, Twisk JW, Steenwijk MD, et al A dam for retrograde axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(7):782–789.24474822
  • Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Weinshenker BG. Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 2006;66(10):1485–1489.16717206
  • Jarius S, Wildemann B, Paul F. Neuromyelitis optica: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;176(2): 149–164.24666204
  • Pfueller CF, Paul F. Imaging the visual pathway in neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler Int. 2011;2011:869814.22135746
  • Schneider E, Zimmermann H, Oberwahrenbrock T, et al Optical coherence tomography reveals distinct patterns of retinal damage in neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e66151.23805202
  • Bichuetti DB, de Camargo AS, Falcão AB, Gonçalves FF, Tavares IM, de Oliveira EM. The retinal nerve fiber layer of patients with neuromyelitis optica and chronic relapsing optic neuritis is more severely damaged than patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroophthalmol. 2013;33(3):220–224.23917443
  • Monteiro ML, Fernandes DB, Apóstolos-Pereira SL, Callegaro D. Quantification of retinal neural loss in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis with or without optical neuritis using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53(7):3959–3966.22589446
  • Merle H, Olindo S, Donnio A, Richer R, Smadja D, Cabre P. Retinal peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness in neuromyelitis optica. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(10):4412–4417.18614811
  • Naismith RT, Tutlam NT, Xu J, et al Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2009;72(12):1077–1082.19307541
  • Lange AP, Sadjadi R, Zhu F, Alkabie S, Costello F, Traboulsee AL. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in NMO patients. J Neuroophthalmol. 2013;33(3): 213–219.23863782
  • Fernandes DB, Raza AS, Nogueira RG, et al Evaluation of inner retinal layers in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(2): 387–394.23084127
  • Sotirchos ES, Saidha S, Byraiah G, et al In vivo identification of morphologic retinal abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 2013;80(15):1406–1414.23516321
  • Susac JO. Susac’s syndrome: the triad of microangiopathy of the brain and retina with hearing loss in young women. Neurology. 1994;44(4): 591–593.8164809
  • Dörr J, Radbruch H, Bock M, et al Encephalopathy, visual disturbance and hearing loss-recognizing the symptoms of Susac syndrome. Nat Rev Neurol. 2009;5(12):683–688.19953118
  • Dörr J, Krautwald S, Wildemann B, et al Characteristics of Susac syndrome: a review of all reported cases. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9(6): 307–316.23628737
  • Kleffner I, Duning T, Lohmann H, et al A brief review of Susac syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 2012;322(1–2):35–40.22640902
  • Wuerfel J, Sinnecker T, Ringelstein EB, et al Lesion morphology at 7 Tesla MRI differentiates Susac syndrome from multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012;18(11):1592–1599.22711711
  • Jarius S, Kleffner I, Dörr JM, et al Clinical, paraclinical and serological findings in Susac syndrome: an international multicenter study. J Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:46.24606999
  • Rennebohm RM, Egan RA, Susac JO. Treatment of Susac’s Syndrome. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2008;10(1):67–74.18325301
  • Rennebohm R, Susac JO, Egan RA, Daroff RB. Susac’s Syndrome – update. J Neurol Sci. 2010;299(1–2):86–91.20855088
  • O’Halloran HS, Pearson PA, Lee WB, Susac JO, Berger JR. Microangiopathy of the brain, retina, and cochlea (Susac syndrome). A report of five cases and a review of the literature. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(6):1038–1044.9627654
  • Dörr J, Ringelstein M, Duning T, Kleffner I. Update on Susac syndrome: new insights in brain and retinal imaging and treatment options. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42 Suppl 3:S99–S108.24662104
  • Brandt AU, Zimmermann H, Kaufhold F, et al Patterns of retinal damage facilitate differential diagnosis between Susac syndrome and MS. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38741.22701702
  • Jenkins TM, Toosy AT. Optical coherence tomography should be part of the routine monitoring of patients with multiple sclerosis: no. Mult Scler. 2014;20(10):1299–1301.25160123
  • Saidha S, Calabresi PA. Optical coherence tomography should be part of the routine monitoring of patients with multiple sclerosis: yes. Mult Scler. 2014;20(10):1296–1298.25160122
  • Dörr J, Ohlraun S, Skarabis H, Paul F. Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis (EVIDIMS Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012;13(1):15.22316314
  • Sühs KW, Hein K, Sättler MB, et al A randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study of erythropoietin in optic neuritis. Ann Neurol. 2012;72(2):199–210.22926853