810
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Treatment Regimens and Care Models for Older Patients Living with HIV: Are We Doing Enough?

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 191-208 | Received 10 Mar 2023, Accepted 24 Apr 2023, Published online: 29 Apr 2023

References

  • Edwards JK, Cole SR, Breger TL, et al. Mortality among people entering HIV care compared to the general US population: an observational study. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(9):1197–1206. doi:10.7326/M21-0065
  • Edwards JK, Cole SR, Breger TL, et al. Five-year mortality for adults entering human immunodeficiency virus care under universal early treatment compared with the general US population. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(5):867–874. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab1030
  • Frescura L, Godfrey-Faussett P, Feizzadeh AA, El-Sadr W, Syarif O, Ghys PD; on and behalf of the 2025 testing treatment target Working Group. Achieving the 95 95 95 targets for all: a pathway to ending AIDS. PLoS One. 2022;17(8):e0272405. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272405
  • Farley SM, Wang C, Bray RM, et al. Progress towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets among persons aged 50 and older living with HIV in 13 African countries. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022;25(S4). doi:10.1002/jia2.26005
  • Center for Disease Control. HIV surveillance reports; 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Accessed January 4, 2023.
  • Smit M, Brinkman K, Geerlings S, et al. Future challenges for clinical care of an ageing population infected with HIV: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(7):810–818. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00056-0
  • Autenrieth CS, Beck EJ, Stelzle D, Mallouris C, Mahy M, Ghys P. Global and regional trends of people living with HIV aged 50 and over: estimates and projections for 2000–2020. PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207005. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207005
  • Godfrey C, Vallabhaneni S, Shah MP, Grimsrud A. Providing differentiated service delivery to the ageing population of people living with HIV. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022;25(Suppl4):e26002. doi:10.1002/jia2.26002
  • Harris TG, Rabkin M, El-Sadr WM. Achieving the fourth 90: healthy aging for people living with HIV. AIDS Lond Engl. 2018;32(12):1563–1569. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001870
  • Bernard C, Font H, Diallo Z, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with physical function limitation in older West African people living with HIV. PLoS One. 2020;15(10):e0240906. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240906
  • Hontelez JA, de Vlas SJ, Baltussen R, et al. The impact of antiretroviral treatment on the age composition of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Lond Engl. 2012;26(01):S19–S30. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283558526
  • Verheij E, Boyd A, Wit FW, et al. Long-term evolution of comorbidities and their disease burden in individuals with and without HIV as they age: analysis of the prospective AGEhIV cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2023;10:S2352-3018(22)00400–3. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00400-3
  • Greene M, Covinsky KE, Valcour V, et al. Geriatric syndromes in older HIV-infected adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(2):161–167. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000000556
  • Weinstein ER, Lee JS, Mendez NA, Harkness A, Safren SA, El-Sadr W. HIV/AIDS and aging: the new frontier for HIV/AIDS research and care. AIDS Lond Engl. 2021;35(12):2043–2045. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000003000
  • Brennan-Ing M. Diversity, stigma, and social integration among older adults with HIV. Eur Geriatr Med. 2019;10(2):239–246. doi:10.1007/s41999-018-0142-3
  • Emlet CA. “You’re awfully old to have this disease”: experiences of stigma and ageism in adults 50 years and older living with HIV/AIDS. Gerontologist. 2006;46(6):781–790. doi:10.1093/geront/46.6.781
  • Havlik RJ, Brennan M, Karpiak SE. Comorbidities and depression in older adults with HIV. Sex Health. 2011;8(4):551–559. doi:10.1071/SH11017
  • Kiplagat J, Tran DN, Barber T, et al. How health systems can adapt to a population ageing with HIV and comorbid disease. Lancet HIV. 2022;9(4):e281–e292. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00009-1
  • Bhatta M, Nandi S, Dutta N, Dutta S, Saha MK. HIV care among elderly population: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2020;36(6):475–489. doi:10.1089/AID.2019.0098
  • Edwards JK, Cole SR, Westreich D, et al. Age at entry into care, timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation, and 10-year mortality among HIV-seropositive adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(7):1189–1195. doi:10.1093/cid/civ463
  • Lodi S, Costagliola D, Sabin C, et al. Effect of immediate initiation of antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive individuals aged 50 years or older. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;76(3):311–318. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001498
  • Gandhi RT, Bedimo R, Hoy JF, et al. Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2022 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel. JAMA. 2023;329(1):63–84. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22246
  • World Health Organization. Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Prevention, Testing, Treatment, Service Delivery and Monitoring: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. World Health Organization; 2021.
  • Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services. Available from: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-arv. Accessed February 21, 2023.
  • Freedman SF, Johnston C, Faragon JJ, Siegler EL, Del Carmen T. Older HIV-infected adults. Complex patients (III): polypharmacy. Eur Geriatr Med. 2019;10(2):199–211. doi:10.1007/s41999-018-0139-y
  • Back D, Marzolini C. The challenge of HIV treatment in an era of polypharmacy. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(2):e25449. doi:10.1002/jia2.25449
  • Drwiega EN, Badowski ME, Michienzi S. Antiretroviral drug-drug interactions: a comparison of online drug interaction databases. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022;47(10):1720–1724. doi:10.1111/jcpt.13750
  • Hazen RJ, Halbur D, Mills B, Kirkham HS, Hou J; Patient-Centered HIV Care Model Team. Evaluation of medication therapy Issues, resolutions, and adherence among persons with HIV in the pharmacist-led patient-centered HIV care model. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021;88(1):96–102. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000002732
  • Stellbrink HJ, Orkin C, Arribas JR, et al. Comparison of changes in bone density and turnover with abacavir-lamivudine versus tenofovir-emtricitabine in HIV-infected adults: 48-week results from the ASSERT study. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(8):963–972. doi:10.1086/656417
  • Duvivier C, Kolta S, Assoumou L, et al. Greater decrease in bone mineral density with protease inhibitor regimens compared with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimens in HIV-1 infected naive patients. AIDS Lond Engl. 2009;23(7):817–824. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e328328f789
  • Brown TT, Hoy J, Borderi M, et al. Recommendations for evaluation and management of bone disease in HIV. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(8):1242–1251. doi:10.1093/cid/civ010
  • Mallon PW, Brunet L, Hsu RK, et al. Weight gain before and after switch from TDF to TAF in a U.S. cohort study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2021;24(4):e25702. doi:10.1002/jia2.25702
  • World Health Organiziaton. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i–253.
  • Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH; GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):13–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
  • Orkin C, Arasteh K, Górgolas Hernández-Mora M, et al. Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine after oral induction for HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(12):1124–1135. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1909512
  • Rajabi M, Roxhed N, Shafagh RZ, et al. Flexible and stretchable microneedle patches with integrated rigid stainless steel microneedles for transdermal biointerfacing. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0166330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166330
  • Marty L, Diawara Y, Rachas A, Grabar S, Costagliola D, Supervie V. Projection of age of individuals living with HIV and time since ART initiation in 2030: estimates for France. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022;25(Suppl4):e25986. doi:10.1002/jia2.25986
  • Segal-Maurer S, DeJesus E, Stellbrink HJ, et al. Capsid inhibition with lenacapavir in multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(19):1793–1803. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2115542
  • Kong AM, Pozen A, Anastos K, Kelvin EA, Nash D. Non-HIV comorbid conditions and polypharmacy among people living with HIV age 65 or older compared with HIV-negative individuals age 65 or older in the United States: a retrospective claims-based analysis. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2019;33(3):93–103. doi:10.1089/apc.2018.0190
  • Schouten J, Wit FW, Stolte IG, et al. Cross-sectional comparison of the prevalence of age-associated comorbidities and their risk factors between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals: the AGEhIV cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(12):1787–1797. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu701
  • Achwoka D, Mutave R, Oyugi JO, Achia T. Tackling an emerging epidemic: the burden of non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;36:271. doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.271.22810
  • Kintu A, Sando D, Okello S, et al. Integrating care for non-communicable diseases into routine HIV services: key considerations for policy design in sub-Saharan Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(Suppl1):e25508. doi:10.1002/jia2.25508
  • Manne-Goehler J, Montana L, Gómez-Olivé FX, et al. The ART advantage: health care utilization for diabetes and hypertension in rural South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;75(5):561–567. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001445
  • American Academy of HIV Medicine. Recommended treatment strategies for clinicians managing older patients with HIV. Available from: https://aahivm.org/hiv-and-aging/. Accessed February 21, 2023.
  • Feinstein MJ, Hsue PY, Benjamin LA, et al. Characteristics, prevention, and management of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140(2):e98–e124. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000695
  • Douglas PS, Umbleja T, Bloomfield GS, et al. Cardiovascular risk and health among people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) eligible for primary prevention: insights from the REPRIEVE Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(11):2009–2022. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab552
  • Pereira B, Mazzitelli M, Milinkovic A, et al. Evaluation of a clinic dedicated to people aging with HIV at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital: results of a 10-year experience. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2022;38(3):188–197. doi:10.1089/AID.2021.0083
  • Turin CG, Khanjee N, Breaux K, Armamento-Villareal R, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Clark EH. Evaluation of adherence to guideline-based bone mineral density screening in veterans with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2022;38(3):216–221. doi:10.1089/AID.2021.0095
  • Singh HK, Del Carmen T, Freeman R, Glesby MJ, Siegler EL. From one syndrome to many: incorporating geriatric consultation into HIV care. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(3):501–506. doi:10.1093/cid/cix311
  • Siegler EL, Burchett CO, Glesby MJ. Older people with HIV are an essential part of the continuum of HIV care. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21(10):e25188. doi:10.1002/jia2.25188
  • Lorenz DR, Mukerji SS, Misra V, et al. Multimorbidity networks associated with frailty among middle aged and older people with HIV. AIDS Lond Engl. 2021;10. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000003040
  • Balavoine JF. Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity: an approach for clinicians: American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on the care of older adults with multimorbidity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(10):E1–E25. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04188.x
  • Guaraldi G, Rockwood K. Geriatric-HIV medicine Is born. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(3):507–509. doi:10.1093/cid/cix316
  • Kehler DS, Milic J, Guaraldi G, Fulop T, Falutz J. Frailty in older people living with HIV: current status and clinical management. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22:919. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03477-7
  • Brañas F, Torralba M, Antela A, et al. Effects of frailty, geriatric syndromes, and comorbidity on mortality and quality of life in older adults with HIV. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):4. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03719-8
  • Kooij KW, Wit FW, Schouten J, et al. HIV infection is independently associated with frailty in middle-aged HIV type 1-infected individuals compared with similar but uninfected controls. AIDS Lond Engl. 2016;30(2):241–250. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000910
  • Piggott DA, Bandeen-Roche K, Mehta SH, et al. Frailty transitions, inflammation, and mortality among persons aging with HIV infection and injection drug use. AIDS Lond Engl. 2020;34(8):1217–1225. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000002527
  • Frailty. EACS guidelines version 11; 2022. Available from: https://eacs.sanfordguide.com/prevention-non-infectious-co-morbidities/frailty. Accessed February 21, 2023.
  • Chetty L, Cobbing S, Chetty V. The perceptions of older people living with HIV/AIDS towards physical activity and exercise. AIDS Res Ther. 2022;19(1):67. doi:10.1186/s12981-022-00500-0
  • Underwood J, Winston A. Guidelines for evaluation and management of cognitive disorders in HIV-positive individuals. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016;13(5):235–240. doi:10.1007/s11904-016-0324-x
  • Vance DE, Lee Y, Batey DS, et al. Risk factors of cognitive decline in older caregivers with HIV: an emerging hypothesis. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2022;33:676–681. doi:10.1097/JNC.0000000000000349
  • Hosaka KRJ, Greene M, Premeaux TA, et al. Geriatric syndromes in older adults living with HIV and cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(9):1913–1916. doi:10.1111/jgs.16034
  • Rubin LH, Sundermann EE, Moore DJ. The current understanding of overlap between characteristics of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurovirol. 2019;25(5):661–672. doi:10.1007/s13365-018-0702-9
  • Davis AJ, Greene M, Siegler E, et al. Strengths and challenges of various models of geriatric consultation for older adults living with HIV. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;ciab682. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab682
  • Brañas F, Ryan P, Troya J, Sánchez-Conde M. Geriatric-HIV medicine: the geriatrician’s role. Eur Geriatr Med. 2019;10(2):259–265. doi:10.1007/s41999-018-0144-1
  • Siegler EL, Moxley JH, Glesby MJ. Aging-related concerns of people living with HIV referred for geriatric consultation. HIVAIDS Auckl NZ. 2021;13:467–474. doi:10.2147/HIV.S306532
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. National and Regional Projections of Supply and Demand for Geriatricians: 2013–2025. Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, National Center for Health Workforce Analysis; 2017.
  • Dotchin CL, Akinyemi RO, Gray WK, Walker RW. Geriatric medicine: services and training in Africa. Age Ageing. 2013;42(1):124–128. doi:10.1093/ageing/afs119
  • Pati S, Sharma A, Pati S, Zodpey S. Teaching of geriatric health in India: mapping the terrain. Gerontol Geriatr Educ. 2017;38(1):92–103. doi:10.1080/02701960.2016.1232590
  • Jones HT, Barber TJ. How do geriatricians feel about managing older people living with HIV? A scoping review. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022;13(4):987–997. doi:10.1007/s41999-022-00642-4
  • Bitas C, Jones S, Singh HK, Ramirez M, Siegler E, Glesby M. Adherence to recommendations from comprehensive geriatric assessment of older individuals with HIV. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2019;18:2325958218821656. doi:10.1177/2325958218821656
  • Aidala AA, Wilson MG, Shubert V, et al. Housing status, medical care, and health outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(1):e1–e23. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302905
  • Hessol NA, Zepf R, Zobell E, Weiser SD, John MD. Food insecurity and aging outcomes in older adults living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(12):3506–3514. doi:10.1007/s10461-017-1838-y
  • Mitchell BD, Utterback L, Hibbeler P, et al. Patient-identified markers of quality care: improving HIV service delivery for older African Americans. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023;10(1):475–486. doi:10.1007/s40615-022-01237-2
  • Sok P, Gardner S, Bekele T, et al. Unmet basic needs negatively affect health-related quality of life in people aging with HIV: results from the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):644. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5391-z
  • McKay FH, Lippi K, Dunn M. Investigating responses to food insecurity among HIV positive people in resource rich settings: a systematic review. J Community Health. 2017;42(5):1062–1068. doi:10.1007/s10900-017-0351-6
  • Fitch KV, McCallum SA, Erlandson KM, et al. Diet in a global cohort of adults with HIV at low-to-moderate traditional cardiovascular disease risk. AIDS Lond Engl. 2022;36(14):1997–2003. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000003344
  • De Marchis EH, Torres JM, Benesch T, et al. Interventions addressing food insecurity in health care settings: a systematic review. Ann Fam Med. 2019;17(5):436–447. doi:10.1370/afm.2412
  • Rajabiun S, Tryon J, Feaster M, et al. The influence of housing status on the HIV continuum of care: results from a multisite study of patient navigation models to build a medical home for people living with HIV experiencing homelessness. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(S7):S539–S545. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304736
  • Ruiz EL, Greene KY, Galea JT, Brown B. From surviving to thriving: the current status of the behavioral, social, and psychological issues of aging with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2022;17(2):55–64. doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000725
  • Emlet CA, Brennan-Ing M. Is there no place for us? The psychosocial challenges and rewards of aging with HIV. J Elder Policy. 2020;1(1). doi:10.18278/jep.1.1.4
  • Tavoschi L, Gomes Dias J, Pharris A; EU/EEA HIV Surveillance Network. New HIV diagnoses among adults aged 50 years or older in 31 European countries, 2004–15: an analysis of surveillance data. Lancet HIV. 2017;4(11):e514–e521. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30155-8
  • Yee WH, Li WP, Bador MK, et al. Poor HIV-related outcomes in older adults newly diagnosed with HIV: a four-year retrospective analysis from a single site in Asia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2023. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000003169
  • Yu X, Giordano TP, Baillargeon J, et al. Assessing incident depression among older people with and without HIV in U.S. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2023;58(2):299–308. doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02375-y
  • So‐Armah K, Gupta S, Kundu S, et al. Depression and all‐cause mortality risk in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected US veterans: a cohort study. HIV Med. 2019;20(5):317–329. doi:10.1111/hiv.12726
  • Chichetto NE, Kundu S, Freiberg MS, et al. Association of syndemic unhealthy alcohol use, cigarette use, and depression with all-cause mortality among adults living with and without HIV infection: Veterans Aging Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(6):ofz188. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz188
  • Verhey R, Chibanda D, Vera A, Manda E, Brakarsh J, Seedat S. Perceptions of HIV-related trauma in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe’s Friendship Bench Program: a qualitative analysis of counselors’ and clients’ experiences. Transcult Psychiatry. 2020;57(1):161–172. doi:10.1177/1363461519850337
  • Savoy M, O’Gurek D, Brown-James A. Sexual health history: techniques and tips. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(5):286–293.
  • Granville L, Pregler J. Women’s sexual health and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(3):595–601. doi:10.1111/jgs.15198
  • Narasimhan M, Payne C, Caldas S, Beard JR, Kennedy CE. Ageing and healthy sexuality among women living with HIV. Reprod Health Matters. 2016;24(48):43–51. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2016.11.001
  • Emlet CA, Harris L. Giving back is receiving: the role of generativity in successful aging among HIV-positive older adults. J Aging Health. 2020;32(1):61–70. doi:10.1177/0898264318804320
  • Burchett CO, Shen MJ, Freeman R, et al. Using focus group feedback to identify patient-centered initiatives for older persons with HIV. Clin Gerontol. 2022;45(3):661–672. doi:10.1080/07317115.2020.1769245
  • Lee Y, Batey DS, Clay OJ, Emlet CA, Fazeli PL, Vance DE. Older caregivers with HIV: an unrecognized gap in the literature. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2021;32(1):29–36. doi:10.1097/JNC.0000000000000180
  • Mugisha J, Scholten F, Owilla S, et al. Caregiving responsibilities and burden among older people by HIV status and other determinants in Uganda. AIDS Care. 2013;25(11):1341–1348. doi:10.1080/09540121.2013.765936
  • Ryan White Guidance for Part B Contractors. HRSA Ryan White HIV/AIDS program; 2012. Available from: https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/aids/providers/regulations/ryan_white/part_b/docs/guidance_for_contractors.pdf. Accessed February 21, 2023.
  • Thompson MA, Horberg MA, Agwu AL, et al. Primary care guidance for persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2020 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(11):e3572–e3605. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1391
  • Dyer M, Kerr C, McGowan JP, et al. Comprehensive Primary Care for Adults with HIV. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University; 2021.
  • EACS guidelines version 11. 2022. Available from: https://eacs.sanfordguide.com. Accessed February 23, 2023.
  • Donaldson MS, Yordy KD, Lohr KN, Vanselow NA. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the future of primary care. Primary care: America’s Health in a new era. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US); 1996. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232643/. Accessed February 21, 2023.
  • Porter J, Boyd C, Skandari MR, Laiteerapong N. Revisiting the time needed to provide adult primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2023;38(1):147–155. doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07707-x
  • Rietjens JAC, Sudore RL, Connolly M, et al. Definition and recommendations for advance care planning: an international consensus supported by the European Association for Palliative Care. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(9):e543–e551. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30582-X
  • Brull J. Advance Care Planning: how to have the conversation you want with your patients. Fam Pract Manag. 2019;26(6):18–22.
  • Sangarlangkarn A, Merlin JS, Tucker RO, Kelley AS. Advance care planning and HIV infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a review. Top Antivir Med. 2016;23(5):174–180.
  • Nguyen AL, Park BY, Thayer E, Bailey J, Christensen C, Taylor J. Comparing advance care planning between older adults with and without HIV. AIDS Care. 2022;1–3. doi:10.1080/09540121.2022.2126961
  • Rangaraj A, Connor S, Harding R, Pinto C, Chitembo L, Ford N. Advanced HIV disease and health-related suffering-exploring the unmet need of palliative care. Lancet HIV. 2023;10(2):e126–e133. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00295-8
  • Goodkin K, Kompella S, Kendell SF. End-of-Life care and bereavement issues in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-AIDS. Nurs Clin North Am. 2018;53(1):123–135. doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2017.10.010
  • Siou K, Mahan M, Cartagena R, Chan Carusone S. A growing need—HIV education in long-term care. Geriatr Nurs. 2017;38(3):199–206. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.10.014
  • Miller SC, Cai S, Daiello LA, Shireman TI, Wilson IB. Nursing home residents by human immunodeficiency virus status: characteristics, dementia diagnoses, and antipsychotic use. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(7):1353–1360. doi:10.1111/jgs.15949
  • Cai S, Miller SC, Wilson IB. Trajectory of physical functioning among persons living with HIV in nursing homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(4):497–502. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.126
  • Olivieri-Mui B, McGuire J, Cahill S, Griffith J, Briesacher B. People living with HIV in U.S. nursing homes in the fourth decade of the epidemic. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2019;30(1):20–34. doi:10.1097/JNC.0000000000000033
  • Foebel AD, Hirdes JP, Lemick R, Tai JWY. Comparing the characteristics of people living with and without HIV in long-term care and home care in Ontario, Canada. AIDS Care. 2015;27(10):1343–1353. doi:10.1080/09540121.2015.1058893
  • Dowdy DW, Powers KA, Hallett TB. Towards evidence-based integration of services for HIV, non-communicable diseases and substance use: insights from modelling. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(Suppl1):e25525. doi:10.1002/jia2.25525
  • Siegler EL, Brennan-Ing M. Adapting systems of care for people aging with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2017;28(5):698–707. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2017.05.006
  • Schmalzle SA, Viviano NA, Mohanty K, et al. People aging with HIV - protecting a population vulnerable to effects of COVID-19 and its control measures. AIDS Care. 2022;34(11):1355–1363. doi:10.1080/09540121.2021.2020208
  • Levett T, Alford K, Roberts J, Adler Z, Wright J, Vera JH. Evaluation of a combined HIV and geriatrics clinic for older people living with HIV: the Silver Clinic in Brighton, UK. Geriatrics. 2020;5(4):81. doi:10.3390/geriatrics5040081
  • Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Squillace N, et al. Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of metabolic and morphologic alterations of HIV-related lipodystrophy. HIV Clin Trials. 2006;7(3):97–106. doi:10.1310/EYWJ-8B5K-X7VQ-9CPE
  • Greene ML, Tan JY, Weiser SD, et al. Patient and provider perceptions of a comprehensive care program for HIV-positive adults over 50 years of age: the formation of the Golden Compass HIV and aging care program in San Francisco. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0208486. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208486
  • Tan JY, Greene M, Blat C, et al. Examining the impact of the golden compass clinical care program for older people with HIV: a qualitative study. AIDS Behav. 2022;26(5):1562–1571. doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03509-0
  • Adler AJ, Drown L, Boudreaux C, et al. Understanding integrated service delivery: a scoping review of models for noncommunicable disease and mental health interventions in low-and-middle income countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):99. doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09072-9
  • Adeyemi O, Lyons M, Njim T, et al. Integration of non-communicable disease and HIV/AIDS management: a review of healthcare policies and plans in East Africa. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(5):e004669. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004669
  • Collins LF, Colasanti JA, Nguyen ML, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic as a catalyst for differentiated care models to end the HIV epidemic in the United States: applying lessons from high-burden settings. AIDS. 2021;35(2):337–341. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000002746
  • Duncombe C, Rosenblum S, Hellmann N, et al. Reframing HIV care: putting people at the centre of antiretroviral delivery. Trop Med Int Health. 2015;20(4):430–447. doi:10.1111/tmi.12460
  • Husain NE, Noor SK, Elmadhoun WM, et al. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV in Africa: re-emerging challenges not to be forgotten. HIVAIDS Auckl NZ. 2017;9:193–202. doi:10.2147/HIV.S137974
  • UNAIDS. 2025 AIDS Targets; 2020. Available from: https://aidstargets2025.unaids.org/#section-targets. Accessed February 22, 2023.
  • Grosso TM, Hernández-Sánchez D, Dragovic G, et al. Identifying the needs of older people living with HIV (≥ 50 years old) from multiple centres over the world: a descriptive analysis. AIDS Res Ther. 2023;20(1):10. doi:10.1186/s12981-022-00488-7
  • EATG. The Glasgow Manifesto by the International Coalition of older people with HIV (iCOPe HIV). Available from: https://www.eatg.org/press-releases-and-statements/the-glasgow-manifesto-by-The-international-coalition-of-older-people-with-hiv-icope-hiv/. Accessed February 22, 2023.
  • Siegler E, Belander D, Hartigan J, Steinbock C, Wikiera J, Gonzalez C. New York State AIDS Institute initiatives to improve care of older people with HIV and long-term survivors: an example of a government-academic-community partnership. 13th Annual International Workshop on HIV and Aging. Rev Antiviral Ther Infect Dis. 2022;11:12.
  • Part F: Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) program [website]. HRSA Ryan White HIV/AIDS program. Available from: https://ryanwhite.hrsa.gov/about/parts-and-initiatives/part-f-spns. Accessed February 22, 2023.
  • World Health Organization. Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE): Guidance for Person-Centred Assessment and Pathways in Primary Care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • Norberg A, Nelson J, Holly C, Jewell ST, Lieggi M, Salmond S. Experiences of HIV-infected adults and healthcare providers with healthcare delivery practices that influence engagement in US primary healthcare settings: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep. 2019;17(6):1154–1228. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003756
  • Providers, advocates call for new strategies to improve access to HIV care; 2023. Available from: https://www.hivma.org/news_and_publications/hivma_news_releases/2023/providers-advocates-call-for-new-strategies-to-improve-access-to-hiv-care/. Accessed February 22, 2023.
  • Arku D, Felix M, Warholak T, Axon DR. Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) versus other programs: a scoping review of health outcomes. Geriatrics. 2022;7(2):31. doi:10.3390/geriatrics7020031
  • Karris MY. 2nd AC+: leveraging technology to create communities of care around older people living with HIV. NLM identifier: NCT04323176. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04323176. Accessed February 20, 2023.
  • Justice AC, Akgün KM. What does aging with HIV mean for nursing homes? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(7):1327. doi:10.1111/jgs.15950