Characteristics and Treatment Response of Patients with HIV Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Central Kenya

References

• La Ferla L, Pinzone MR, Pellicanò GF. Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected patients: a review of the literature. Infect Dis Trop Med. 2016;2(1):e239.
   Google Scholar
• Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Science. 1994;266:1865–1869. doi:10.1126/science.7997879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitby D, Howard MR, Tenant Flowers M, et al. Detection of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus in peripheral blood of HIV infected individuals and progression to Kaposi’s sarcoma. Lancet. 1995;346:799–802. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91619-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freddie B, Jacques F, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu K, Mahlangeni G, Swannet S. AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma is linked to advanced disease and high mortality in a primary care HIV programme in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13:13–23. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohlius J, Valeri F, Maskew M, Prozesky H. Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected patients in South Africa: a multi-cohort study in the antiretroviral therapy era. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(11):2644–2652. doi:10.1002/ijc.28894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayama S, Cuevas LE, Sheldon J, et al. Prevalence and transmission of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in Ugandan children and adolescents. Int J Cancer. 1998;77:817–820. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980911)77:6<817::AID-IJC2>3.0.CO;2-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tukeia VJ, Kekitiinwa A, Beasley RP. Prevalence and outcome of HIV-associated malignancies among children. AIDS. 2011;25:1789–1793. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283498115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagu MB, Nggada HA, Garandawa HI, Askira BH, Durosinmi MA. AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in Northeastern Nigeria. Singapore Med J. 2006;47(12):1069–1074.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stein ME, Spencer D, Kantor A, Ruff P, Haim N, Bezwoda WR. Epidemic AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma in Southern Africa: experience at the Johannesburg General Hospital. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994;88(4):434–436. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90419-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocroft A, Kirk O, Clumeck N. The changing pattern of Kaposi sarcoma in patients with HIV, 1994–2003: the EuroSIDA study. Cancer. 2004;100:2644–2654. doi:10.1002/cncr.20309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez V, Caumes E, Gambotti L, Ittah H. Remission from Kaposi’s sarcoma on HAART is associated with suppression of HIV replication and is independent of protease inhibitor therapy. Br J Cancer. 2006;94(7):1000–1006. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin J, Laker-Oketta M, Walusana V, Orem J, Wabinga H. Antiretrovirals for Kaposi’s sarcoma (ARKS): a randomized trial of protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy for AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa. Presented at the 14th International Conference on Malignancies in AIDS and Other Acquired Immunodeficiencies; Bethesda, Maryland; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Mosam A, Shaik F, Uldrick TS, et al. A randomized controlled trial of highly active antiretroviral therapy versus highly active antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy in therapy-naive patients with HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(2):150–157. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e318251aedd
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health. National guidelines for cancer management Kenya. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Busakhala N, Kigen G, Waako P, et al. Three year survival among patients with aids-related Kaposi sarcoma treated with chemotherapy and combination antiretroviral therapy at Moi teaching and referral hospital, Kenya. Infect Agents Cancer. 2019;14:24. doi:10.1186/s13027-019-0242-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya national cancer treatment protocols. Available from: https://www.health.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/National-treatment-Protocols-2019.pdf. Accessed April 12, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Krown SE, Moser CB, MacPhail P, et al.; A5263/AMC066 protocol team. Treatment of advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in resource-limited settings: a three-arm, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10231):1195–1207. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33222-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollivier L, Padhani AR, Leclère J. International criteria for measurement of tumour response. Cancer Imaging. 2001;2(1):31–32.
   Google Scholar
• Mtonga W, Mujajati A, Munkombwe D. A therapeutic outcomes in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma patients on antiretroviral therapy treated with chemotherapy at two tertiary hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Curr HIV Res. 2018;16(3):231–236. doi:10.2174/1570162X16666180711103610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekolo CE, Soumah MM, Tiemtore OW, Diallo A. Assessing the outcomes of HIV-infected persons receiving treatment for Kaposi sarcoma in Conakry-Guinea. BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1):806. doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3771-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasso M, Pérez J, Noriega L, Malebrán A, Espinoza S. Kaposi sarcoma in HIV patients. Response to antiretroviral treatment and chemotherapy. Rev Med Chil. 2003;131(5):483–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumic I, Radovanovic M, Igandan O, et al. Case of Kaposi Sarcoma Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (KS-IRIS) complicated by Kaposi Sarcoma Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS) or Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD): a case report and review. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:e926433. doi:10.12659/AJCR.926433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National AIDS/STI Control Program (NASCOP). Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya. 4th ed. Nairobi, Kenya: National AIDS/STI Control Program (NASCOP); 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Wekesa P, McLigeyo A, Owuor K, Mwangi J, Isavwa L, Katana A. Temporal trends in pre-ART patient characteristics and outcomes before the test and treat era in Central Kenya. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06706-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wekesa P, McLigeyo A, Owuor K, Mwangi J, Nganga E, Masamaro K. Factors associated with 36-month loss to follow-up and mortality outcomes among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Central Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8426-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLigeyo A, Wekesa P, Owuor K, Mwangi J, Isavwa L, Mutysia I. Factors associated with treatment outcomes among children and adolescents living with HIIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in central Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2022. doi:10.1089/aid.2021.0112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwinjiwa. E, Isaakidis P, Van den Bergh R, et al. Burden, characteristics, management and outcomes of HIV-infected patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zomba, Malawi. Public Health Action. 2013;3(2):180–185. doi:10.5588/pha.13.0003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christa Williams S, Grover V, Bigger S, et al. A retrospective review of patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma in Botswana. Int J Dermatol. 2019;doi:10.1111/ijd.14305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmore N, Bigger S, Kayembe E, et al. Demographic characteristics and preliminary outcomes in a cohort of HIV-positive patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma in a high ART coverage setting: a report from Botswana. J Glob Oncol. 2016. doi:10.1200/JGO.2016.004218
   Google Scholar
• Mosam A, Hurkchand HP, Cassol E, et al. Characteristics of HIV-1-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma among women and men in South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2008;19:400–405. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2008.007301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koski L, Ngoma T, Mwaiselage J, Le L, Soliman AS. Changes in the pattern of Kaposi’s sarcoma at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Tanzania (2006–2011). Int J STD AIDS. 2015;26(7):470–478. doi:10.1177/0956462414544724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begré L, Rohner E, Mbulaiteye ME, Bohlius J. Is human herpesvirus 8 infection more common in men than in women? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2016;139(4):776–783. doi:10.1002/ijc.30129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein SL. The effects of hormones on sex differences in infection: from genes to behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24:627–638. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00027-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwanda OW, Fu P, Collea R, Whalen C, Remick SC. Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection, in a tertiary referral centre in Kenya. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2005;99(1):81–91. doi:10.1179/136485905X19928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melbye M, Cook PM, Hjalgrim H, et al. Risk factors for Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus seropositivity in a cohort of homosexual men, 1981–1996. Int J Cancer. 1998;77:543–548. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<543::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Health. Kenya demographic and health survey. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Moloi MW, Zhou F, Baliki K, Kayembe MK, Cainelli F, Vento S. Atypical presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma in an HIV-infected patient. Isr Med Assoc J. 2013;15:459–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agaba PA, Sule HM, Ojoh RO, et al. Presentation and survival of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma in Jos, Nigeria. Int J STD AIDS. 2009;20(6):410–413. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2008.008353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskew M, Fox MP, van Cutsem G, et al. Treatment response and mortality among patients starting antiretroviral therapy with and without Kaposi Sarcoma: a Cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e64392. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang ASO, Teh YC, Chea CY, Yeo ST, Chua HH. Disseminated AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. Oxf Med Case Rep. 2018;2018(12). doi:10.1093/omcr/omy107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocroft A, Furrer HJ, Miro JM, Reiss P, Mussini O. The incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses at a current CD4 count ≥200 cells/µL in the post–combination antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(7):1038–1047. doi:10.1093/cid/cit423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanik EL, Napravnik S, Cole SR, Achenbach CJ, Gopal S. Incidence and timing of cancer in HIV-infected individuals following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(5):756–764. doi:10.1093/cid/cit369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill J, Bourboulia D, Wilkinson J, et al. Prospective study of the effects of antiretroviral therapy on Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus infection in patients with and without Kaposi sarcoma. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;31(4):384–390. doi:10.1097/00126334-200212010-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asiimwe F, Moore D, Were W, et al. Clinical outcomes of HIV-infected patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma receiving nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. HIV Med. 2012;13(3):166–171. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00955.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower M, Fox P, Fife K, Gill J, Nelson M, Gazzard B. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) prolongs time to treatment failure in Kaposi’s sarcoma. AIDS. 1999;13(15):2105–2111. doi:10.1097/00002030-199910220-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis H, Bates MJ, Kalilani L. Prospective study assessing tumor response, survival, and palliative care outcomes in patients with HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. AIDS Res Treat. 2012;2012:312–564.
   Google Scholar
• Mwafongo AA, Rosenberg NE, Ng’ambi W, et al. Treatment outcomes of AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma under a routine antiretroviral therapy program in Lilongwe, Malawi: bleomycin/vincristine compared to vincristine monotherapy. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e91020. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gbabe OF, Okwundu CI, Dedicoat M, Freeman EE, Harris DH, Hessol NA. Treatment of severe or progressive Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected adults. AIDS. 2011;25(4):463–471. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834344e6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bihl F, Mosam A, Henry LN, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-specific immune reconstitution and antiviral effect of combined HAART/chemotherapy in HIV clade C-infected individuals with Kaposi’s sarcoma. AIDS. 2007;21:1245–1252. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e328182df03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar