Evaluating the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from respiratory samples in Iran: an often overlooked disease

References

• Adjemian J, Frankland TB, Daida YG, et al. Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and tuberculosis, Hawaii, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(3):439–447. doi:10.3201/eid2303.16182728221128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah NM, Davidson JA, Anderson LF, et al. Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the main driver of the rise in non-tuberculous mycobacteria incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2007–2012. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):195. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1521-327154015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adjemian J, Olivier KN, Seitz AE, Holland SM, Prevots DR. Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in US Medicare beneficiaries. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(8):881–886. doi:10.1164/rccm.201111-2016OC22312016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu X, Liu P, Liu G, et al. The prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in mainland China: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2016;73(6):558–567. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2016.08.02027717784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velayati AA, Rahideh S, Nezhad ZD, Farnia P, Mirsaeidi M. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Middle East: current situation and future challenges. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2015;4(1):7–17. doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.12.00526655192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kendall BA, Winthrop KL. Update on the epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;34(1):87–94. doi:10.1055/s-0033-133356723460008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velayati AA, Farnia P, Mozafari M, et al. Molecular epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates from clinical and environmental sources of a metropolitan city. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114428. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.011442825485795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon HJ, Choi HY, Ki M. Nontuberculosis mycobacterial infections at a specialized tuberculosis treatment centre in the Republic of Korea. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):432. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2532-428619015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sousa S, Bandeira M, Carvalho PA, Duarte A, Jordao L. Nontuberculous mycobacteria pathogenesis and biofilm assembly. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2015;4(1):36–43. doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.11.06526655196
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gopinath K, Singh S. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in TB-endemic countries: are we neglecting the danger? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(4):e615. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.000061520436962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasiri MJ, Dabiri H, Fooladi AAI, Amini S, Hamzehloo G, Feizabadi MM. High rates of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation from patients with presumptive tuberculosis in Iran. New Microbes New Infect. 2018;21:12–17. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2017.08.00829188063
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(4):367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST17277290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent PT, Kubica GP. Public Health Mycobacteriology: A Guide for the Level III Laboratory U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenach KD, Donald Cave M, Bates JH, Crawford JT. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of a repetitive DNA sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis. 1990;161(5):977–981. doi:10.1093/infdis/161.5.9772109022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Telenti A, Marchesi F, Balz M, Bally F, Böttger E, Bodmer T. Rapid identification of Mycobacteria to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(2):175–178.8381805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogall T, Flohr T, Böttger EC. Differentiation of Mycobacterium species by direct sequencing of amplified DNA. J Gen Microbiol. 1990;136(9):1915–1920. doi:10.1099/00221287-136-9-19152283506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adékambi T, Colson P, Drancourt M. rpoB-based identification of nonpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(12):5699–5708. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.12.5699-5708.200314662964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLSI. Susceptibility testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardiae, and other Aerobic Actinomycetes; approved standard-second edition. CLSI document M24-A2. Wayne (PA): Clinical and Labo-ratory Standards Institute; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Shitrit D, Baum GL, Priess R, et al. Pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection in Israel, 1999–2004: clinical features, drug susceptibility, and outcome. Chest. 2006;129(3):771–776. doi:10.1378/chest.129.3.77116537880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adjemian J, Daniel-Wayman S, Ricotta E, Prevots DR. Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;39(3):325–335. doi:10.1055/s-0038-165149130071547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andréjak C, Thomsen VØ, Johansen IS, et al. Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis in Denmark: incidence and prognostic factors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(5):514–521. doi:10.1164/rccm.200905-0778OC20007929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan H, Han X, Wang Q, et al. Clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from respiratory specimens in a Chinese tuberculosis tertiary care center. Sci Rep. 2016;6:36299. doi:10.1038/srep3629927808247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prevots DR, Marras TK. Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review. Clin Chest Med. 2015;36(1):13–34. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2014.10.00225676516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park S, Suh GY, Chung MP, et al. Clinical significance of Mycobacterium fortuitum isolated from respiratory specimens. Respir Med. 2008;102(3):437–442. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.10.00517997087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irandoost M, Zare Ghanbari M, Sakhaee F, et al. High rates of Mycobacterium fortuitum isolation in respiratory samples from Iranian patients with suspected tuberculosis: is it clinically important? J Med Microbiol. 2018;67(9):1243–1248. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.00081430052175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjiliadls D, Adlakha A, Prakash UB. Rapidly growing mycobacterial lung infection in association with esophageal disorders. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74(1):45–51. doi:10.4065/74.1.459987532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown-Elliott BA, Philley JV. Rapidly growing mycobacteria. Microbiol Spectr. 2017;5(1). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0027-2016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maoz C, Shitrit D, Samra Z, et al. Pulmonary Mycobacterium simiae infection: comparison with pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27(10):945–950. doi:10.1007/s10096-008-0522-618488259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ingen J, Boeree M, Dekhuijzen P, Van Soolingen D. Clinical relevance of Mycobacterium simiae in pulmonary samples. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(1):106–109. doi:10.1183/09031936.0007610718166593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamieh A, Tayyar R, Tabaja H, et al. Emergence of Mycobacterium simiae: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center in Lebanon. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.019539029617415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Ingen J, Totten SE, Heifets LB, Boeree MJ, Daley CL. Drug susceptibility testing and pharmacokinetics question current treatment regimens in Mycobacterium simiae complex disease. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;39(2):173–176. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.01922099521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nour-Neamatollahie A, Ebrahimzadeh N, Siadat SD, et al. Distribution of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria strains from suspected tuberculosis patients by heat shock protein 65 PCR–RFLP. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017;24(6):1380–1386. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.00128855835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matveychuk A, Fuks L, Priess R, Hahim I, Shitrit D. Clinical and radiological features of Mycobacterium kansasii and other NTM infections. Respir Med. 2012;106(10):1472–1477. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2012.06.02322850110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shitrit D, Peled N, Bishara J, et al. Clinical and radiological features of Mycobacterium kansasii infection and Mycobacterium simiae infection. Respir Med. 2008;102(11):1598–1603. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.05.00418619826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davari M, Irandoost M, Sakhaee F, et al. Genetic diversity and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Microb Drug Resist. 2019;25(2):264–270. doi:10.1089/mdr.2018.015030256172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HK, Koh W-J, Shim TS, Kwon OJ. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease in Korea. Yonsei Med J. 2010;51(4):552–556. doi:10.3349/ymj.2010.51.4.55220499421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KH, Heo ST, Choi SW, Park DH, Kim YR, Yoo SJ. Three cases of postoperative septic arthritis caused by Mycobacterium conceptionense in shoulder joints of immunocompetent patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;1013–1015. doi:10.1128/JCM.02652-1324391195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Seong MW, Kim EC, Han SK, Yim JJ. Frequency and clinical implications of the isolation of rare nontuberculous mycobacteria. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0741-725572753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Kim MS, Chang HE, et al. Pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium conceptionense. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(1):174–176. doi:10.3201/eid1801.11025122257692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shojaei H, Hashemi A, Heidarieh P, Ataei B, Naser AD. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium conceptionense: the first report from Iran. JRSM Short Rep. 2011;2(4):31. doi:10.1258/shorts.2010.01010321541079
   PubMedGoogle Scholar