Care Bundle Approach to Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Acute Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Cairo, Egypt

References

• World Health Organization (WHO). Global Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. The WHO Guidelines Development Group. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2016 Available from:: https://www.who.int/gpsc/globalguidelines-web.pdf. Accessed 117, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ghaith DM, Mohamed ZK, Farahat MG, et al. Colonization of intestinal microbiota with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in paediatric intensive care units in Cairo, Egypt. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2019;20(1):19–22. doi:10.1016/j.ajg.2019.01.00230733176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaith DM, Hassan RM, Hasanin AM. Rapid identification of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a surgical intensive care unit in Egypt. Ann Saudi Med. 2015;35(6):440–444. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2015.44026657227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helal S, El Anany M, Ghaith D, et al. The role of MDR-Acinetobacter baumannii in orthopedic surgical site infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2015;16(5):518–522. doi:10.1089/sur.2014.18726114551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotb S, Lyman M, Ismail G, et al. Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Egyptian intensive care units using National Healthcare–associated Infections Surveillance Data, 2011–2017. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s13756-019-0639-731908772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 2003 Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/pdf/guidelines/environmental-guidelines.pdf. Accessed 117, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Oteo J, Alcaraz R, Bou G, et al. Rates of faecal colonization by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients admitted to ICUs in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(10):2916–2918. doi:10.1093/jac/dkv18726163400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden MK, Lolans K, Haffenreffer K, et al. Chlorhexidine and mupirocin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in the REDUCE-MRSA trial. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(11):2735–2742. doi:10.1128/JCM.01444-1627558180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug‐resistant, extensively drug‐resistant and pandrug‐resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268–281. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x21793988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M100-S27. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: 27th Informational Supplement. Wayne (PA): CLSI; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta G, Tak V, Mathur P. Detection of AmpC β lactamases in gram-negative bacteria. J Lab Physicians. 2014;6(1):1. doi:10.4103/0974-2727.12908224696552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan MA. Meropenem VS cefoperazone prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infection in colorectal surgery. Int J Sci Res Manage. 2017;5(7):6318–6325.
   Google Scholar
• Ongom PA, Kijjambu SC. Antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: evolving trends. J Mol Pharmaceutics Organ Process Res. 2013;1. doi:10.4172/2329-9053
   Google Scholar
• Álvarez CA, Guevara CE, Valderrama SL, et al. Practical recommendations for preoperative skin antisepsis. Infection. 2018;22(1):46–54.
   Google Scholar
• Bradford C, Hamerslagh BJ, Inventors; Advanced Medical Solutions Ltd, assignee. Wound dressing. United States patent application US 15/672, 571. 2018 2 15.
   Google Scholar
• Chan YH. Biostatistics 102: quantitative data–parametric & non-parametric tests. Blood Press. 2003a;140(24.08):79–80.
   Google Scholar
• Chan YH. Biostatistics 103: qualitative data-tests of independence. Singapore Med J. 2003b;44(10):498–503.15024452
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swan JT, Ashton CM, Bui LN, et al. Effect of chlorhexidine bathing every other day on prevention of hospital-acquired infections in the surgical ICU: a single-center, randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(10):1822–1832. doi:10.1097/CCM.000000000000182027428384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stambough JB, Nam D, Warren DK, et al. Decreased hospital costs and surgical site infection incidence with a universal decolonization protocol in primary total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(3):728–734. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2016.09.04127823845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal A, Choudhary GS, Bairwa M, et al. Apache II scoring in predicting surgical outcome in patients of perforation peritonitis. Int Surg J. 2017;4(7):2321–2325. doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172790
   Google Scholar
• Ishihata K, Kakihana Y, Yoshimura T, et al. Assessment of postoperative complications using estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;1(46):244. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.824
   Google Scholar
• Ortega G, Rhee DS, Papandria DJ, et al. An evaluation of surgical site infections by wound classification system using the ACS-NSQIP. J Surg Res. 2012;174(1):33–38. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.05.05621962737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessey DB, Burke JP, Ni-Dhonochu T, et al. Risk factors for surgical site infection following colorectal resection: a multi-institutional study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2016;31(2):267–271. doi:10.1007/s00384-015-2413-526507963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aga E, Keinan-Boker L, Eithan A, et al. Surgical site infections after abdominal surgery: incidence and risk factors. A Prospective Cohort Study. Infect Dis. 2015;47(11):761–767.
   Google Scholar
• Ogihara S, Yamazaki T, Maruyama T, et al. Prospective multicenter surveillance and risk factor analysis of deep surgical site infection after posterior thoracic and/or lumbar spinal surgery in adults. J Orthopaedic Sci. 2015;20(1):71–77. doi:10.1007/s00776-014-0669-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng H, Chen BP, Soleas IM, et al. Prolonged operative duration increases risk of surgical site infections: a systematic review. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017;18(6):722–735. doi:10.1089/sur.2017.08928832271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donskey CJ, Deshpande A. Effect of chlorhexidine bathing in preventing infections and reducing skin burden and environmental contamination: a review of the literature. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44(5):e17–21. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2016.02.02427131130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden MK, Lin MY, Lolans K, et al. Prevention of colonization and infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–producing Enterobacteriaceae in long-term acute-care hospitals. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;60(8):1153–1161. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu117325537877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denny J, Munro CL. Chlorhexidine bathing effects on health-care-associated infections. Biol Res Nurs. 2017;19(2):123–136. doi:10.1177/109980041665401327306279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noto MJ, Domenico HJ, Byrne DW, et al. Chlorhexidine bathing and health care–associated infections: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(4):369–378. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.1840025602496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassir N, Thomas G, Hraiech S, et al. Chlorhexidine daily bathing: impact on health care–associated infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Am J Infect Control. 2015;43(6):640–643. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2015.02.01025798778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilliquin D, Le Guern R, Seegers VT, et al. Risk factors for acquisition of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumonia among contact patients: a multicentre study. J Hosp Infect. 2018;98(3):253–259. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.08.02428882642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas SM, Doll M, Stevens MP. Vertical versus horizontal infection control interventions In: Bearman G, Munoz-Price S, Morgan D, Murthy R, editors. Infection Prevention. Springer, Cham: 2018:173–179.
   Google Scholar
• Chung YK, Kim JS, Lee SS, et al. Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on acquisition of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in the medical intensive care unit with CRAB endemicity. Am J Infect Control. 2015;43(11):1171–1177. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2015.07.00126297525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballus J, Lopez-Delgado JC, Sabater-Riera J, et al. Surgical site infection in critically ill patients with secondary and tertiary peritonitis: epidemiology, microbiology and influence in outcomes. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):304. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1050-526223477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhave PP, Kartikeyan S, Ramteerthakar MN, et al. Bacteriological study of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital at Miraj, Maharashtra state, India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017;4(7):2630–2635.
   Google Scholar