429
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Plasmid Profiling and Occurrence of β-Lactamase Enzymes in Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Kathmandu, Nepal

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 1905-1917 | Published online: 23 Jun 2020

References

  • Pokharel S, Raut S, Adhikari B. Tackling antimicrobial resistance in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(6):e002104. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002104
  • Parajuli NP, Acharya SP, Mishra SK, Parajuli K, Rijal BP, Pokharel BM. High burden of antimicrobial resistance among Gram negative bacteria causing healthcare associated infections in a critical care unit of Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6(1):67. doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0222-z28638594
  • Gajdacs M. The concept of an Ideal antibiotics: implications for drug design. Molecules. 2019;24(5):892. doi:10.3390/molecules24050892
  • Raut S, Adhikari B. ESBL and their identification in peripheral laboratories of Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J. 2015;17(3–4):176–181.
  • Guragin N, Pradhan A, Dhungel B, Banjara MR, Rijal KR, Ghimire P. Extended spectrum B-lactamase producing Gram negative bacterial isolates from urine of patients visiting Everest Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. TUJM. 2019;6(1):26–31.
  • Kayastha K, Dhungel B, Karki S, et al. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Infect Dis. 2020;13:1–7.
  • Woerther PL, Burdet C, Chachaty E, Andremont A. Trends in human fecal carriage of extended-spectrum b-lactamases in the community: toward the globalization of CTX-M. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(4):744–758. doi:10.1128/CMR.00023-1324092853
  • Jacoby GA. AmpC β-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(9):161–82.19136439
  • Deshmukh DG, Damle AS, Bajaj JK, Bhakre JB. The metallo β-lactamase producing clinical isolates from the patients of a tertiary care hospital. J Lab Physicians. 2011;3(2):93–97. doi:10.4103/0974-2727.8684122219562
  • Bush K. Alarming beta-lactamase-mediated resistance in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2010;13:558–564. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.09.00620920882
  • Nordmann P, Poirel L, Toleman MA, Walsh TR. Does broad spectrum β-lactam resistance due to NDM-1 herald the end of the antibiotic era for treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;66(4):689–692. doi:10.1093/jac/dkq520
  • Pitout JD. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli: a combination of virulence with antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol. 2012;3:9. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.0000922294983
  • Sharma M, Pathak S, Srivastava P. Prevalence and antibiogram of extended spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacilli and further molecular characterization of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. J Clin & Diag Res. 2013;7(10):2173–2177.
  • Saeed A, Khatoon H, Ansari FA. Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria in clinical isolates from Karachi. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2009;22:44–48.19168419
  • Motayo BO, Ogiogwa IJ, Okerentugba PO, et al. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Extra-intestinal E. coli infections in a Southwestern Nigerian City. J Microbiol Res. 2012;2(5):141–144. doi:10.5923/j.microbiology.20120205.05
  • Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Microbial Spectra. 2016;4(2):10.
  • Adelberg EA, Pittard J. Chromosome transfer in bacterial conjugation. Bacteriol Rev. 1965;29(2):161–172. doi:10.1128/MMBR.29.2.161-172.196514310189
  • Rozwandowicz M, Brouwer MSM, Fischer J, et al. Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrobial Chemother. 2018;73(5):1121–1137. doi:10.1093/jac/dkx488
  • Tayfour MA, Eris FN, Alanazi AR. Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility tests, plasmids profiles and restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid DNA of methicillin susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from intensive care units. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(1):57–63.15756354
  • Pradhan B, Pradhan SB. Prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern to urinary pathogens in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Duwakot. BJHS. 2017;2(1):134–137.
  • Gajdacs M, Urban E. Resistance Trends and epidemiology of Citrobacter-Enterobacter- Serratia in urinary tract infections of inpatients and outpatients (RECESUTI): a 10-year survey. Medicina. 2019;55(6):285. doi:10.3390/medicina55060285
  • Gajdacs M, Abrok M, Lazar A, Burain K. Comparative epidemiology and resistance trends of common urinary pathogens in a tertiary care hospital: a 10-year surveillance study. Medicina. 2019;55(7):356. doi:10.3390/medicina55070356
  • Raut S, Gokhale S, Adhikari B. Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolates in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal J Microbiol and Infect Dis. 2015;5(2):69–75.
  • Raut S, Adhikari B. Global leadership against antimicrobial resistance ought to include developing countries. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(7):775. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30078-0
  • Sharma AR, Bhatta DR, Shrestha J, Banjara MR. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infected patients attending Bir Hospital. Nep J Sci and Tech. 2013;14(1):177–184. doi:10.3126/njst.v14i1.8938
  • Shrestha A, Manandhar S, Pokharel P, Panthi P, Chaudhry DK. Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing multidrug resistance Gram-negative isolates causing urinary tract infection. EC Microbiol. 2016;4(5):749–755.
  • Sharma KR, Bhandari P, Adhikari N, Tripathi P, Khanal S, Tiwari BR. Extended spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing multi-drug resistant urinary pathogens in a children hospital from Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMS). 2018;16(62):151–155.
  • Nepal K, Pant ND, Neupane B, et al. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo-beta-lactamase producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples in a tertiary care- hospital in Kathmandu. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017;19(16):62. doi:10.1186/s12941-017-0236-7
  • Rai S, Pant ND, Bhandari R, et al. AmpC and extended spectrum beta-lactamase production urinary isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):467. doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2784-528882177
  • Hiroshi N. Multidrug resistance in Bacteria. Annu Rev Biochem. 2009;78:119–146. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.082907.14592319231985
  • Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part II. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge university press; 2006:112–113.
  • Isenberg HD. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2004.
  • Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty Second Informational Supplement Document. Wayne, PA: CLSI; 2012:M100–S20.
  • Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pan drug resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268–281. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x21793988
  • Polsfuss S, Bloemberg GV, Giger J, Meyer V, Böttger EC, Hombach M. Practical approach for reliable detection of AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clinic Microbiol. 2011;49(8):2798–2803. doi:10.1128/JCM.00404-11
  • Tan TY, Yong-Ng LS, He J, Koh TH, Hsu LY. Evaluation of screening methods to detect plasmid mediated AmpC in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(1):146–149. doi:10.1128/AAC.00862-0818955528
  • Tsakris A, Poulou A, Pournaras S, et al. A simple phenotypic method for the differentiation of metallo-β-lactamases and class A KPC carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;65(8):1664–1671. doi:10.1093/jac/dkq210
  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor:1989.
  • Daini OA, Adesemowo A. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and R-plasmids of clinical strains of Escherichia coli. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2008;2:397–400.
  • Foxman B. The epidemiology of urinary tract infection. Nat Rev Urol. 2010;7(12):653–660. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2010.19021139641
  • Al-Tawfiq JA. Increasing antibiotic resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from inpatients and outpatients in a Saudi Arabian hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27:748–753. doi:10.1086/50533616807852
  • Salem MM, Muharram M, Alhosiny IM. Distribution of classes 1 and 2 integrons among multi drug resistant E. coli isolated from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection in Cairo, Egypt. Aus J Basic and Appl Sci. 2010;4:398–407.
  • Christopher AF, Hora S, Ali Z. Investigation of plasmid profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern multiple antibiotic resistance index calculation of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different human clinical specimens at tertiary care hospital in Bareilly-India. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2013;6(3):285–289. doi:10.4103/1755-6783.120985
  • Zhanel GG, Simor AE, Vercaigne L, Mandell L. Imipenem and meropenem: comparison of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials and adverse effects. Can J Infect Dis. 1998;9(4):215–228. doi:10.1155/1998/83142522346545
  • Piller CM, Torres MK, Brown NP, Shah D, Sahm DF. In vitro activity of doripenem, a carbapenem for the treatment of challenging infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, against recent clinical isolates from the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(12):4388–4399. doi:10.1128/AAC.00381-0818779357
  • Padmini SB, Appalaraju B. Extended spectrum β-lactamases in urinary isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, prevalence and susceptibility pattern in tertiary care hospital. Ind J Med Microbiol. 2004;223:172–174.
  • Wachtler DA, Joshi MP, Rimal B. Antibiotic dispensing by drug retailers in Kathmandu, Nepal. Trop Med Int Health. 1999;4(11):782–788. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00476.x10588773
  • Nepal A, Hendrie D, Robinsons S, LA S. Survey of the pattern of antibiotic dispensing in private pharmacies in Nepal. BMJ Open. 2019;9(10):e032422. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032422
  • Khajuria A, Praharaj AK, Kumar M, Grover N. Emergence of Escherichia coli, co-producing NDM-1 and OXA-48 carbapenemases, in urinary isolates, at a tertiary care centre at Central India.. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(6):DC01–4. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/7952.4413
  • Hammer DA, Dongol S, Anderson TP, Wong JS, Werno AM, Murdoch DR. High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Nepal. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;30(5):471–472. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.00417851048
  • Baral P, Neupane S, Marasini BP, Ghimire KR, Lekhak B, Shrestha B. High prevalence of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens from Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5(1):38. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-3822260454
  • Shrestha S, Mali NM, Tiwari KB, Adhikari N, Shrestha UT, Basnyat SR. Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of clinical multidrug resistant Escherichia coli. J Inst Med. 2014;35(2):21–26.
  • Bora A, Ahmed GU, Hazarika NK. Antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infection from a tertiary care hospital of Guwahati, Assam. IJBPAS. 2012;1(11):1659–1668.
  • Manoharan A, Sugumar M, Kumar A, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of AmpC β lactamases among Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter spp from five Indian medical centers. Indian J Med Res. 2012;135:359–364.22561623
  • Dhungana K, Awal BK, Dhungel B, Sharma S, Banjara MR, Rijal KR. Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and metallo betalactamae (MBL) producing Gram negative bacteria isolated from different clinical samples in a Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. ASMI. 2019;2(12):60–69.
  • Sasirekha B. Prevalence of ESBL, AmpC β- lactamases and MRSA among uropathogens and its antibiogram. EXCLI J. 2013;12:81–88.26417218
  • Yusuf AH, Arzai M, Haruna AA, Sharif GMI. Detection of multi drug resistant bacteria in major hospitals in Kano, North-West, Nigeria. Braz J Microbiol. 2014;45(3):791–798. doi:10.1590/S1517-8382201400030000525477909
  • Shayan S, Bokaeian M. Detection of ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli isolates from urinary tract infections. Adv Biomed Res. 2015;4(1):220. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.16664326605249
  • Gajdacs M. Intravenous or oral antibiotic therapy: Sophie’s choice? Gen Int Med Clin Innov. 2019;4(2):1–2. doi:10.15761/GIMCI.1000176
  • Zavascki AP, Barth AL, Gonçalves AL, et al. The influence of metallo-beta-lactamase production on mortality in nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:387–392. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl23916751638
  • Rawat V, Singhai M, Verma PK. Detection of different β-lactamases and their co-existence by using various discs combination methods in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. J Lab Physicians. 2013;5:21–25. doi:10.4103/0974-2727.11591824014963
  • Wadekar MD, Anuradha K, Venkatesha D. Phenotypic detection of ESBL and MBL in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Int J Curr Res Acad Rev. 2013;1:89–95.
  • Pandya NP, Prajapati SP, Mehta SJ, Kikani KM, Joshi PJ. Evaluation of various methods for detection of metallo-betalactamase (MBL) production in Gram-negative bacilli. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011;2(3):775–777.
  • Moayednia R, Shokri D, Mobasherizadeh S, Baradaran A, Fatemi SM, Merrikhi A. Frequency assessment of β-lactamase enzymes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates in patients with urinary tract infection. J Isfahan Uni Med Sci. 2014;19(1):S41–S45.
  • Enwuru NV, Enwuru CA, Ogbonnia SO. Adepoju-Bello metallo-beta-lactamase production by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species isolated from hospital and community subjects in Lagos, Nigeria Nature and Science. 2011;9(11):1–5.
  • Oberoi L, Singh N, Sharma P, Aggarwal A. ESBL, MBL, AmpC β-lactamases producing superbugs – havoc in the intensive care units of Punjab, India. J Clin Diag Res. 2013;7(1):70–73.
  • Urban C, Bradford PA, Tuckman M, et al. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase β-lactamases associated with long-term care facilities. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(1):e127–30. doi:10.1086/58804818419424
  • Shrestha B, Shrestha S, Mishra SK, et al. Phenotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli with special reference to extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases and metallo-beta-lactamases in a tertiary care center. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2015;53(198):89–95. doi:10.31729/jnma.2768
  • Motayo BO, Akinduti PA, Adeyakinu FA, et al. Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of carbapenemase and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Abeokuta, South western, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13(4):1091–1097. doi:10.4314/ahs.v13i4.3324940337
  • McPherson P, Gealt M. Isolation of indigenous wastewater bacterial strains capable of mobilizing plasmid pBR325. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986;51(5):904–909. doi:10.1128/AEM.51.5.904-909.19863524455
  • Zulkifli Y, Alitheen NB, Raha AR, Yeap SK, Marlina SR, Nishibuchi M. Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles in Padang, Indonesia. Inter Food Res J. 2009;16:53–58.