References
- RosenfeldRMAndesDBhattacharyyaClinical practice guideline: adult sinusitisOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2007137Suppl 3S1S3117761281
- BenningerMSFergusonBJHadleyJAAdult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiologyOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2003129Suppl 3S1S3212958561
- Van ZeleTClaeysSGevaertPDifferentiation of chronic sinus diseases by measurement of inflammatory mediatorsAllergy20066111280128917002703
- LeeLNBhattacharyyaNRegional and specialty variations in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitisLaryngoscope201112151092109721520129
- PleisJRLucasJ WWardB WSummary health statistics for US adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2008Vital Health Stat 102009242115720821903
- AnonJBJacobsMRPooleMDAntimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitisOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2004130Suppl 114514726904
- CollinsJGPrevalence of selected chronic conditions: United States, 1990–1992Vital Health Stat 1019971941899046223
- BlackwellDLCollinsJGColesRSummary health statistics for US adults: National Health Interview Survey, 1997Vital Health Stat 102002205110915786607
- ShashyRGMooreEJWeaverAPrevalence of the chronic sinusitis diagnosis in Olmsted County, MinnesotaArch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg2004130332032315023840
- ChenYDalesRLinMThe epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis in CanadiansLaryngoscope200311371199120512838019
- GreisnerWA3rdSettipaneGAHereditary factor for nasal polypsAllergy Asthma Proc19961752832868922148
- AhsanSFJumansSNunezDAChronic rhinosinusitis: a comparative study of disease occurrence in North of Scotland and Southern Caribbean otolaryngology outpatient clinics over a two month periodScott Med J200449413013315648704
- HastanDFokkensWJBachertCChronic rhinosinusitis in Europe – an underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN studyAllergy20116691216122321605125
- PilanRRPinnaFRBezerraTFPrevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in Sao PauloRhinology201250212913822616073
- JohanssonLAkerlundAHolmbergKMelenIBendeMPrevalence of nasal polyps in adults: the Skovde population based studyAnn Otol Rhinol Laryngol2003112762562912903683
- MinYGJungHWKimHSParkSKYooKYPrevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea: results of a nationwide surveyEur Arch Otorhinolaryngol199625374354398891490
- HedmanJKaprioJPoussaTNieminenMMPrevalence of asthma, aspirin intolerance, nasal polyposis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a population-based studyInt J Epidemiol199928471772210480701
- KlossekJMNeukirchFPribilCPrevalence of nasal polyposis in France: a cross-sectional, case-control studyAllergy200560223323715647046
- LarsenPLTosMOrigin of nasal polypsLaryngoscope199110133053122000020
- LarsenPLTosMSite of origin of nasal polyps. Transcranially removed nasoethmoidal blocks as a screening method for nasal polyps in autopsy materialRhinolog y1995334185188
- Roca-FerrerJGarcia-GarciaFJPeredaJReduced expression of COXs and production of prostaglandin E(2) in patients with nasal polyps with or without aspirin-intolerant asthmaJ Allergy Clin Immunol20111281667221397936
- KernRCConleyDBWalshWPerspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: an immune barrier hypothesisAm J Rhinol200822654955918786300
- Perez-NovoCAWaeytensAClaeysCCauwenbergeP VBachertCStaphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B regulates prostaglandin E2 synthesis, growth, and migration in nasal tissue fibroblastsJ Infect Dis200819771036104318419541
- TanBKLiQZSuhLEvidence for intranasal antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypsJ Allergy Clin Immunol201112861198120621996343
- LarsonDAHanJKMicrobiology of sinusitis: does allergy or endoscopic sinus surgery affect the microbiologic fora?Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg201119319920321358332
- NadelDMLanzaDCKennedyDWEndoscopically guided cultures in chronic sinusitisAm J Rhinol19981242332419740915
- StephensonMFMfunaLDowdSEMolecular characterization of the polymicrobial fora in chronic rhinosinusitisJ Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg201039218218720211106
- RamadanHHSanclementJAThomasJGChronic rhinosinusitis and biofilmsOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2005132341441715746854
- PsaltisAJWeitzelEKHaKRWormaldPJThe effect of bacterial bio-films on post-sinus surgical outcomesAm J Rhinol20082211618284851
- PrinceAASteigerJDKhalidANPrevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria in chronic rhinosinusitisAm J Rhinol200822323924518588755
- FairbanksDNInflammatory diseases of the sinuses: bacteriology and antibioticsOtolaryngol Clin North Am19932645495598414527
- PonikauJUSherrisDAKernEBThe diagnosis and incidence of allergic fungal sinusitisMayo Clin Proc199974987788410488788
- FokkensWJLundVJMullolJEuropean position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012Rhinol Suppl2012231298
- StankiewiczJAChowJMA diagnostic dilemma for chronic rhinosinusitis: definition accuracy and validityAm J Rhinol200216419920212222944
- OrlandiRRTerrellJEAnalysis of the adult chronic rhinosinusitis working definitionAm J Rhinol200216171011895197
- HwangPHIrwinSBGriestSECaroJENesbitGMRadiologic correlates of symptom-based diagnostic criteria for chronic rhinosinusitisOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2003128448949612707650
- BhattacharyyaNLeeLNEvaluating the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis based on clinical guidelines and endoscopyOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2010143114715120620634
- BhattacharyyaNFriedM PThe accuracy of computed tomography in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitisLaryngoscope2003113112512912514395
- BhattacharyyaNJonesDTHillMShapiroNLThe diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitisArch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg200513091029103215381587
- LinH WBhattacharyyaNDiagnostic and staging accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of sinonasal diseaseAm J Rhinol Allergy2009231363919379610
- HarveyRJGoddardJCWiseSKSchlosserRJEffects of endoscopic sinus surgery and delivery device on cadaver sinus irrigationOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2008139113714218585576
- SnidvongsKChaowanapanjaPAeumjaturapatSChusakulSPraweswararatPDoes nasal irrigation enter paranasal sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis?Am J Rhinol200822548348618954507
- HyoNTakanoHHyoYParticle deposition efficiency of therapeutic aerosols in the human maxillary sinusRhinology198927117262740721
- GroblerAWeitzelEKBueleAPre- and postoperative sinus penetration of nasal irrigationLaryngoscope2008118112078208118641522
- SinghalDWeitzelEKLinEEffect of head position and surgical dissection on sinus irrigant penetration in cadaversLaryngoscope2010120122528253121058393
- HarveyRHannanSABadiaLScaddingGNasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitisCochrane Database Syst Rev20073CD00639417636843
- RudmikLHoyMSchlosserRJTopical therapies in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: an evidence-based review with recommendationsInt Forum Allergy Rhinol Epub October 8, 2012
- PynnonenMAMukerjiSSKimHMAdamsMETerrellJENasal saline for chronic sinonasal symptoms: a randomized controlled trialArch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg2007133111115112018025315
- LiangKLSuMCTsengHCJiangRSImpact of pulsatile nasal irrigation on the prognosis of functional endoscopic sinus surgeryJ Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg200837214815319128603
- FreemanS?RSivayohamESJepsonKde CarpentierJA preliminary randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of saline douching following endoscopic sinus surgeryClin Otolaryngol200833546246518983380
- ShoseyovDBibiHShaiPShoseyovNShazbergGHurvitzHTreatment with hypertonic saline versus normal saline nasal wash of pediatric chronic sinusitisJ Allergy Clin Immunol199810156026059600495
- BachmannGHommelGMichelOEffect of irrigation of the nose with isotonic salt solution on adult patients with chronic paranasal sinus diseaseEur Arch Otorhinolaryngol20002571053754111195032
- HeatleyDGMcConnellKEKilleTLLeversonGENasal irrigation for the alleviation of sinonasal symptomsOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg20011251444811458213
- RabagoDZgierskaAMundtMBarrettBBobulaJMaberryREfficacy of daily hypertonic saline nasal irrigation among patients with sinusitis: a randomized controlled trialJ Fam Pract200251121049105512540331
- CordraySHarjoJBMinerLComparison of intranasal hypertonic dead sea saline spray and intranasal aqueous triamcinolone spray in seasonal allergic rhinitisEar Nose Throat J200584742643016813032
- PintoJMElwanySBaroodyFMNacierioRMEffects of saline sprays on symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgeryAm J Rhinol200620219119616686387
- HauptmanGRyanMWThe effect of saline solutions on nasal patency and mucociliary clearance in rhinosinusitis patientsOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2007137581582117967652
- XaubetAMullolJLopezEComparison of the role of nasal polyp and normal nasal mucosal epithelial cells on in vitro eosinophil survival. Mediation by GM-CSF and inhibition by dexamethasoneClin Exp Allergy19942443073178039016
- MullolJXaubetAGayaACytokine gene expression and release from epithelial cells. A comparison study between healthy nasal mucosa and nasal polypsClin Exp Allergy19952576076158521179
- LildholdtTRundcrantzHLindqvistNEfficacy of topical corticosteroid powder for nasal polyps: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of budesonideClin Otolaryngol Allied Sci199520126307788929
- AdappaNDWeiCCPalmerJNNasal irrigation with or without drugs: the evidenceCurr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg2012201535722143336
- JoeSAThambiRHuangJA systematic review of the use of intranasal steroids in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitisOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2008139334034718722209
- RudmikLSchlosserRJSmithTLSolerZMImpact of topical nasal steroid therapy on symptoms of nasal polyposis: a meta-analysisLaryngoscope201212271431143722410935
- SnidvongsKKalishLSacksRCraigJCHarveyRJTopical steroid for chronic rhinosinusitis without polypsCochrane Database Syst Rev20118CD00927421833974
- SnidvongsKKalishLSacksRSivasubramanianRCopeDHarveyRJTopical steroids for nasal polypsCochrane Database Syst Rev
- KalishLHArendtsGSacksRCraigJCTopical steroids in chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysisOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2009141667468319932837
- RotenbergB WZhangIArraIPaytonKBPostoperative care for Samter’s triad patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trialLaryngoscope2011121122702270521997904
- SykesDAWilsonRChanKLMackayISColePJRelative importance of antibiotic and improved clearance in topical treatment of chronic mucopurulent rhinosinusitis. A controlled studyLancet1986285033593602874366
- DesrosiersMYSalas-PratoMTreatment of chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to other treatments with topical antibiotic therapy delivered by means of a large-particle nebulizer: results of a controlled trialOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2001125326526911555764
- VidelerWJvan DrunenCMReitsmaJBFokkensWJNebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot studyRhinology2008462929818575008
- Jervis-BardyJBoaseSPsaltisAForemanAWormaldPJA randomized trial of mupirocin sinonasal rinses versus saline in surgically recalcitrant staphylococcal chronic rhinosinusitisLaryngoscope2012122102148215322865576
- LimMCitardiMJLeongJLTopical antimicrobials in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic reviewAm J Rhinol200822438138918702902
- HaKRPsaltisAJButcherARWormaldPJTanLWIn vitro activity of mupirocin on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and its potential implications in chronic rhinosinusitisLaryngoscope2008118353554018090864
- LeTPsaltisATanLWWormaldPJThe efficacy of topical antibiofilm agents in a sheep model of rhinosinusitisAm Journal Rhinol200822656056719178792
- ChiuAGPalmerJNWoodworthBABaby shampoo nasal irrigations for the symptomatic post-functional endoscopic sinus surgery patientAm J Rhinol2008221343718284857
- LynchHMilgromPXylitol and dental caries: an overview for cliniciansJ Calif Dent Assoc200331320520912693818
- WeissmanJDFernandezFHwangPHXylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot studyLaryngoscope2011121112468247221994147
- RazaTElsherifHSZulianelloLPlouin-GaudonILandisBNLacroixJSNasal lavage with sodium hypochlorite solution in Staphylococcus aureus persistent rhinosinusitisRhinology2008461152218444487
- PoetkerDMJakubowskiLALalDHwangPHWrightEDSmithTLOral corticosteroids in the management of adult chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: an evidence-based review with recommendationsInt Forum Allergy Rhinol Epub August 7, 2012
- HissariaPSmithWWormaldPJShort course of systemic corticosteroids in sinonasal polyposis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with evaluation of outcome measuresJ Allergy Clin Immunol2006118112813316815148
- KroflicBCoerABaudoinTKalogjeraLTopical furosemide versus oral steroid in preoperative management of nasal polyposisEur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2006263876777116685542
- Van ZeleTGevaertPHoltappelsGOral steroids and doxycycline: two different approaches to treat nasal polypsJ Allergy Clin Immunol201012551069107620451040
- KirtsreesakulVWongsritrangKRuttanapholSClinical efficacy of a short course of systemic steroids in nasal polyposisRhinology201149552553222125782
- VaidyanathanSBarnesMWilliamsonPHopkinsonPDonnanPTLipworthBTreatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with oral steroids followed by topical steroids: a randomized trialAnn Intern Med2011154529330221357906
- WrightEDAgrawalSImpact of perioperative systemic steroids on surgical outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis: evaluation with the novel Perioperative Sinus Endoscopy (POSE) scoring systemLaryngoscope200711711 Pt 2, Suppl 11512818075447
- LalDHwangPHOral corticosteroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis: a systematic reviewInt Forum Allergy Rhinol20111213614322287332
- SubramanianHNSchechtmanKBHamilosDLA retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes and time to relapse after intensive medical treatment for chronic sinusitisAm J Rhinol200216630331212512904
- LalDSciannaJMStankiewiczJAEfficacy of targeted medical therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis, and predictors of failureAm J Rhinol Allergy200923439640019671254
- ToscaMACosentinoCPallestriniEMedical treatment reverses cytokine pattern in allergic and nonallergic chronic rhinosinusitis in asthmatic childrenPediatr Allergy Immunol200314323824112787306
- RupaVJacobMMathewsMSSeshadriMSA prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of postoperative oral steroid in allergic fungal sinusitisEur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2010267223323819714349
- IkramMAbbasASuhailAOnaliMAAkhtarSIqbalMManagement of allergic fungal sinusitis with postoperative oral and nasal steroids: a controlled studyEar Nose Throat J2009884E8E1119358119
- LandsbergRSegevYDeRoweALandauTKhafifAFlissDMSystemic corticosteroids for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a comparative studyOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2007136225225717275549
- PoetkerDMRehDDA comprehensive review of the adverse effects of systemic corticosteroidsOtolaryngol Clin North Am201043475376820599080
- LegentFBordurePBeauvillainCBerchePA double-blind comparison of ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of chronic sinusitisChemotherapy199440Suppl 18157805431
- NamyslowskiGMisiolekMCzeciorEComparison of the efficacy and tolerability of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 875 mg bid with cefuroxime 500 mg bid in the treatment of chronic and acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis in adultsJ Chemother200214550851712462431
- AnonJBJacobsMRPooleMDAntimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitisOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2004130Suppl 114514726904
- GenowayKAPhilpottCMJaverARPathogen yield and antimicrobial resistance patterns of chronic rhinosinusitis patients presenting to a tertiary rhinology centreJ Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg201140323223721518646
- BhattacharyyaNKepnesLJAssessment of trends in antimicrobial resistance in chronic rhinosinusitisAnn Otol Rhinol Laryngol2008117644845218646442
- KingdomTTSwainREJrThe microbiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns in chronic rhinosinusitisAm J Otolaryngol200425532332815334396
- NagaiHShishidoHYonedaRYamaguchiETamuraAKurashimaALong-term low-dose administration of erythromycin to patients with diffuse panbronchiolitisRespiration1991583–41451491745845
- WallworkBComanWMackay-SimAGreiffLCervinAA double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of macrolide in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitisLaryngoscope2006116218919316467702
- VidelerWJBadiaLHarveyRJLack of efficacy of long-term, low-dose azithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trialAllergy201166111457146821884529
- HarunaSShimadaCOzawaMFukamiSMoriyamaHA study of poor responders for long-term, low-dose macrolide administration for chronic sinusitisRhinology2009471667119382498
- SuzukiHIkedaKHonmaRPrognostic factors of chronic rhinosinusitis under long-term low-dose macrolide therapyORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec200062312112710810255
- Malhotra-KumarSLammensCCoenenSVan HerckKGoossensHEffect of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy on pharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant streptococci in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyLancet2007369956048249017292768
- PonikauJUSherrisDAWeaverAKitaHTreatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with intranasal amphotericin B: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trialJ Allergy Clin Immunol2005115112513115637558
- LiangKLSuMCShiaoJYAmphotericin B irrigation for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studyAm J Rhinol2008221525818284860
- EbbensFAScaddingGKBadiaLAmphotericin B nasal lavages: not a solution for patients with chronic rhinosinusitisJ Allergy Clin Immunol200611851149115617088142
- EbbensFAGeorgalasCLuitenSThe effect of topical amphotericin B on inflammatory markers in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicenter randomized controlled studyLaryngoscope2009119240140819160404
- SacksPL4thHarveyRJRimmerJGallagherRMSacksRAntifungal therapy in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysisAm J Rhinol Allergy201226214114722487292
- ParnesSMChumaAVAcute effects of antileukotrienes on sinonasal polyposis and sinusitisEar Nose Throat J20007911820 24–2510665187
- NonakaMSakanushiAKusamaKOgiharaNYagiTOne-year evaluation of combined treatment with an intranasal corticosteroid and montelukast for chronic rhinosinusitis associated with asthmaJ Nippon Med Sch2010771212820154454
- MostafaBEAbdel HayHMohammedHEYamaniMRole of leukotriene inhibitors in the postoperative management of nasal polypsORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec200567314815315925911
- StewartRARamBHamiltonGWeinerJKaneKJMonteleukast as an adjunct to oral and inhaled steroid therapy in chronic nasal polyposisOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2008139568268718984264
- WiseSKAhnCNSchlosserRJLocalized immunoglobulin E expression in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposisCurr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg200917321622219417663
- PintoJMMehtaNDiTineoMWangJBaroodyFMNaclerioRMA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anti-IgE for chronic rhinosinusitisRhinology201048331832421038023
- GevaertPVan BruaeneNCattaertTMepolizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb, as a treatment option for severe nasal polyposisJ Allergy Clin Immunol2011128598999521958585
- GevaertPLang-LoidoltDLacknerANasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polypsJ Allergy Clin Immunol200611851133114117088140
- ForerBKivitySSadeJLandsbergRAspirin desensitization for ASA triad patients – prospective study of the rhinologist’s perspectiveRhinolog y20114919599
- StevensonDDPleskowWWSimonRAAspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis asthma: a double-blind crossover study of treatment with aspirinJ Allergy Clin Immunol19847345005076368649
- RozsasiAPolzehlDDeutschleTLong-term treatment with aspirin desensitization: a prospective clinical trial comparing 100 and 300 mg aspirin dailyAllergy20086391228123418699939
- SmithTLBatraPSSeidenAMHannleyMEvidence supporting endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of adult chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic reviewAm J Rhinol200519653754316402637
- HopkinsCBrowneJ PSlackRThe national comparative audit of surgery for nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitisClin Otolaryngol200631539039817014448
- ChesterACAntisdelJLSindwaniRSymptom-specific outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic reviewOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2009140563363919393402
- BhandarkarNDMaceJCSmithTLEndoscopic sinus surgery reduces antibiotic utilization in rhinosinusitisInt Forum Allergy Rhinol201111182221666846
- SmithTLKernRCPalmerJNMedical therapy vs surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, multi-institutional studyInt Forum Allergy Rhinol20111423524122287426