Plasma Fibrinogen as a Diagnostic Marker of Infection in Patients with Nonunions

References

• Metsemakers WJ, Kuehl R, Moriarty TF, et al. Infection after fracture fixation: current surgical and microbiological concepts. Injury. 2018;49(3):511–522. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2016.09.01927639601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struijs PA, Poolman RW, Bhandari M. Infected nonunion of the long bones. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(7):507–511. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e31812e557817762489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Ji Y, Wang Z, Qiu X, Chen Y. The association between platelet indices and deep surgical site infection after open induction internal fixation for traumatic limb fractures. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2533–2538. doi:10.2147/IDR.S18487730584341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Yin P. Evaluating the use of serum inflammatory markers for preoperative diagnosis of infection in patients with nonunions. BioMed Res Int. 2017;2017:9146317.29130050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkes M, Obremskey WT, Scannell B, Ellington JK, Hymes RA, Bosse M. Maintenance of hardware after early postoperative infection following fracture internal fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(4):823–828. doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.0047020360504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgenstern M, Kuhl R, Eckardt H, et al. Diagnostic challenges and future perspectives in fracture-related infection. Injury. 2018;49(Suppl 1):S83–s90. doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(18)30310-329929701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davalos D, Akassoglou K. Fibrinogen as a key regulator of inflammation in disease. Semin Immunopathol. 2012;34(1):43–62.22037947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nodzo SR, Westrich GH, Henry MW, Miller AO. Clinical analysis of propionibacterium acnes infection after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(9):1986–1989. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2016.02.02527036925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klim SM, Amerstorfer F, Gruber G, et al. Fibrinogen - a practical and cost efficient biomarker for detecting periprosthetic joint infection. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):8802. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27198-329892047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin L, Li F, Gong X, Wang J, Huang W, Hu N. Combined measurement of D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels: highly accurate for diagnosing chronic periprosthetic joint infection. J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(1):229–234.31526698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Zheng C, Wen S, et al. Usefulness of serum Ddimer for preoperative diagnosis of infected nonunion after open reduction and internal fixation. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:1827–1831. doi:10.2147/IDR.S21309931308705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen T, Kierulf P, Sandset PM, et al. Fibrinogen and fibrin induce synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines from isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thromb Haemost. 2007;97(5):822–829. doi:10.1160/TH07-01-003917479194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennewein C, Tran N, Paulus P, Ellinghaus P, Eble JA, Zacharowski K. Novel aspects of fibrin(ogen) fragments during inflammation. Mol Med. 2011;17(5–6):568–573. doi:10.2119/molmed.2010.0014621210072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell A, Templeman D, Weinlein JC. Nonunion of the femur and tibia: an update. Orthop Clin North Am. 2016;47(2):365–375. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2015.09.01026772945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metsemakers WJ, Morgenstern M, McNally MA, et al. Fracture-related infection: a consensus on definition from an international expert group. Injury. 2018;49(3):505–510.28867644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra P, Guha D, Nag SS, Mondal BC, Dasgupta S. Role of plasma fibrinogen in diagnosis and prediction of short term outcome in neonatal sepsis. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2017;33(2):195–199. doi:10.1007/s12288-016-0683-x28596650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams RA, Schachtrup C, Davalos D, Tsigelny I, Akassoglou K. Fibrinogen signal transduction as a mediator and therapeutic target in inflammation: lessons from multiple sclerosis. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(27):2925–2936. doi:10.2174/09298670778236001518045138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prada-Arias M, Vazquez JL, Salgado-Barreira A, Gomez-Veiras J, Montero-Sanchez M, Fernandez-Lorenzo JR. Diagnostic accuracy of fibrinogen to differentiate appendicitis from nonspecific abdominal pain in children. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(1):66–70. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2016.10.00327760719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandy S, Joseph K, Sankaranarayanan A, et al. Evaluation of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis: a clinico-biochemical study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(3):Zc41–zc45.
   Google Scholar
• Kassa FA, Shio MT, Bellemare MJ, Faye B, Ndao M, Olivier M. New inflammation-related biomarkers during malaria infection. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26495. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.002649522028888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layios N, Delierneux C, Hego A, et al. Sepsis prediction in critically ill patients by platelet activation markers on ICU admission: a prospective pilot study. Intensive Care Med. 2017;5(1):32.
   Google Scholar
• Li R, Shao HY, Hao LB, et al. Plasma fibrinogen exhibits better performance than plasma D-dimer in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection: a multicenter retrospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(7):613–619. doi:10.2106/JBJS.18.0062430946195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Xie J, Yang J, Chen G, Huang Q, Pei F. Plasma fibrinogen and platelet count are referable tools for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: a single-center retrospective cohort study. J Arthroplasty. 2019;35(5):1361–1367.31899088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar