In vitro and in vivo Antibacterial Activity of Linezolid Plus Fosfomycin Against Staphylococcus aureus with Resistance to One Drug

References

• Welte T, Kantecki M, Stone GG, Hammond J. Ceftaroline fosamil as a potential treatment option for Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;54(4):410–422. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.08.01231404620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hal SJ, Jensen SO, Vaska VL, Espedido BA, Paterson DL, Gosbell IB. Predictors of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(2):362–386.22491776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azhar A, Rasool S, Haque A, et al. Detection of high levels of resistance to linezolid and vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol. 2017;66(9):1328–1331. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.00056628857738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana S, Mathur P, Malhotra R. Staphylococcus aureus at an Indian tertiary hospital: antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep of antimicrobial agents. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2019;17:98–102. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.02130389637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong S, Hal S, Davis J. Combination antibiotic treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;36(01):003–016. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai D, Liu X, Wang R, Bai Y, Cai Y. Efficacy of linezolid and fosfomycin in catheter-related biofilm infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:1–7. doi:10.1155/2016/6413982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Chen H, Liu Y, et al. Synergistic effect of linezolid with fosfomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in an experimental Galleria mellonella model. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(5):731–738.30638785
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen H, Li L, Liu Y, et al. In vitro activity and post-antibiotic effects of linezolid in combination with fosfomycin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2107–2115. doi:10.2147/IDR.S17597830464553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng JX, Sun X, Lin ZW, et al. In vitro activities of daptomycin combined with fosfomycin or rifampin on planktonic and adherent linezolid-resistant isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. J Med Microbiol. 2019;68(3):493–502. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.00094530882300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falagas MERN, Gkegkes ID, Rafailidis PI, Karageorgopoulos DE. Fosfomycin for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive cocci with advanced antimicrobial drug resistance: a review of microbiological, animal and clinical studies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18(7):921–944. doi:10.1517/13543780902967624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falagas MEVE, Samonis G, Vardakas KZ. Fosfomycin. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016;29(2):321–347. doi:10.1128/CMR.00068-1526960938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sastry S, Doi Y. Fosfomycin: resurgence of an old companion. J Infect Chemother. 2016;22(5):273–280. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2016.01.01026923259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahedi Bialvaei A, Rahbar M, Yousefi M, Asgharzadeh M, Samadi Kafil H. Linezolid: a promising option in the treatment of Gram-positives. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(2):354–364. doi:10.1093/jac/dkw45027999068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefani S, Bongiorno D, Mongelli G, Campanile F. Linezolid resistance in Staphylococci. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(7):1988–2006. doi:10.3390/ph307198827713338
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu D, Chen Y, Sun L, Qu T, Wang H, Yu Y. Prevalence of fosfomycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients in a university hospital in china from 2013 to 2015. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2018;71(4):312–314. doi:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.01329709971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo IY, Kang O-K, Shim HJ, Huh HJ, Lee NY. Linezolid resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Korea: high rate of false resistance to linezolid by the VITEK 2 system. Ann Lab Med. 2020;40(1):57–62. doi:10.3343/alm.2020.40.1.5731432640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker K, Fu Z, Liu Y, et al. Characterization of fosfomycin resistance gene, fosB, in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. PLoS One. 2016;11(5).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute. CaLS. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 29th ed
   Google Scholar
• Billal DSFD, Fedorko DP, Yan SS, et al. In vitro induction and selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of Streptococcus pyogenes strains with multiple emm types. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;59(1):28–34. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl42817065188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazares-Dominguez V, Ochoa SA, Cruz-Cordova A, et al. Vancomycin modifies the expression of the agr system in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:369. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.0036925999924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin JN, Jones RN, Sader HS, Savage PB, Rybak MJ. Potential synergy activity of the novel ceragenin, CSA-13, against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;61(2):365–370. doi:10.1093/jac/dkm45718079128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W C, S. G. The postantibiotic effect. In: Lorian V, editor. Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine. 1996:296–329.
   Google Scholar
• Luther MK, Arvanitis M, Mylonakis E, LaPlante KL. Activity of daptomycin or linezolid in combination with rifampin or gentamicin against biofilm-forming enterococcus faecalis or E. faecium in an in vitropharmacodynamic model using simulated endocardial vegetations and an in vivo survival assay using Galleria mellonella larvae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(8):4612–4620. doi:10.1128/AAC.02790-1324867993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig W. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26(1):1–10. doi:10.1086/5162849455502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravolatz LD, Pawlak J, Martin H, et al. Postantibiotic effect and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect of LTX-109 and mupirocin on Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2017;65(5):410–413. doi:10.1111/lam.1279228802058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odenholt I, Lowdin E, Cars O. Postantibiotic, postantibiotic sub-MIC, and subinhibitory effects of PGE-9509924, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47(10):3352–3356. doi:10.1128/AAC.47.10.3352-3356.200314506057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo Gainza E, Gil Brusola A, Ortiz Estévez R, Cantón E, Gobernado M. In vitro activity of linezolid in combination with doxycycline, fosfomycin, levofloxacin, rifampicin and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2006;19(3):252–257.17099793
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Srimani JK, Huang S, Lopatkin AJ, You L. Drug detoxification dynamics explain the postantibiotic effect. Mol Syst Biol. 2017;13(10):948. doi:10.15252/msb.2017772329061668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fish DN. Synergic activity of cephalosporins plus fluoroquinolones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with resistance to one or both drugs. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;50(6):1045–1049. doi:10.1093/jac/dkf21112461031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falagas ME, Athanasaki F, Voulgaris GL, Triarides NA, Vardakas KZ. Resistance to fosfomycin: mechanisms, frequency and clinical consequences. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;53(1):22–28. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.01330268576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Candel FJ, David MM, López JB. New perspectives for reassessing fosfomycin: applicability in current clinical practice. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2019;32 Suppl 1(Suppl1):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Hashemian SM, Farhadi T, Ganjparvar M. Linezolid: a review of its properties, function, and use in critical care. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:1759–1767. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S164515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Planet PJ, Cázares-Domínguez V, Cruz-Córdova A, et al. Vancomycin tolerant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reveals the effects of vancomycin on cell wall thickening. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0118791.25793280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledala N, Wilkinson B, Jayaswal R. Effects of oxacillin and tetracycline on autolysis, autolysin processing and atl transcription in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006;27(6):518–524. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.03.00816707247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García AB, Viñuela Prieto JM, Lopez González L, Candel FJ. Correlation between resistance mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus and cell wall and septum thickening. Infect Drug Resist. 2017;10:353–356. doi:10.2147/IDR.S14674829089777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai CJY, Loh JMS, Proft T. Galleria mellonella infection models for the study of bacterial diseases and for antimicrobial drug testing. Virulence. 2016;7(3):214–229. doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.113528926730990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook SM, McArthur JD. Developing Galleria mellonella as a model host for human pathogens. Virulence. 2013;4(5):350–353. doi:10.4161/viru.2524023799664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojda I. Immunity of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. Insect Sci. 2017;24(3):342–357. doi:10.1111/1744-7917.1232526847724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanagh K, Sheehan G. The use of galleria mellonella larvae to identify novel antimicrobial agents against fungal species of medical interest. J Fungi. 2018;4(3):113. doi:10.3390/jof4030113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauermann R, Marsik C, Steiner I, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of fosfomycin in experimental human endotoxemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51(5):1879–1881. doi:10.1128/AAC.00914-0617353246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupferschmidt K. Resistance fighters. Science. 2016;352(6287):758–761. doi:10.1126/science.352.6287.75827174968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz R. Fosfomycin: an old–new antibiotic. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(1):4–7. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03636.x21914036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar