1,120
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

A Review on Inosine Pranobex Immunotherapy for Cervical HPV-Positive Patients

ORCID Icon
Pages 2039-2049 | Published online: 02 Jun 2021

References

  • Farahmand M, Moghoofei M, Dorost A, et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of genital human papillomavirus infection in female sex workers in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1455. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09570-z32977797
  • Muñoz N, Castellsagué X, de González AB, Gissmann L, Castellsagué X. Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer. Vaccine. 2006;24(Suppl3):1–10. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.11516122853
  • Bzhalava D, Guan P, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Clifford G. A systematic review of the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus types. Virology. 2013;445(1–2):224–231. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.01523928291
  • WHO. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Monograph. Volume 100-B. Biological Agents. “Human Papillomaviruses – Epidemiology”. Published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Geneva 27, Switzerland: WHO Press, World Health Organization; 2012:255–313.
  • Muñoz N, Méndez F, Posso H, et al. for the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia HPV Study Group (2004). Incidence, duration, and determinants of cervical human papillomavirus infection in a cohort of Colombian women with normal cytological results. J Infect Dis. 2004;190:2077–2087. doi:10.1086/42590715551205
  • Franco EL, Villa LL, Sobrinho JP, et al. Epidemiology of acquisition and clearance of cervical human papillomavirus infection in women from a high-risk area for cervical cancer. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1415–1423. doi:10.1086/31508610515798
  • Dugué PA, Rebolj M, Garred P, Lynge E. Immunosuppression and risk of cervical cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2013;13(1):29–42. doi:10.1586/era.12.15923259425
  • Conesa-Zamora P. Immune responses against virus and tumor in cervical carcinogenesis: treatment strategies for avoiding the HPV-induced immune escape. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;131(2):480–488. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.08.02523994536
  • Nguyen HH, Broker TR, Chow LT, et al. Immune responses to human papillomavirus in genital tract of women with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;96(2):452–461. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.10.01915661235
  • Zhou C, Tuong ZK, Frazer IH. Papillomavirus immune evasion strategies target the infected cell and the local immune system. Front Oncol. 2019;9:682. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.0068231428574
  • Kovachev S. Immunotherapy in patients with local HPV infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion following uterine cervical conization. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2020;42(4):314–318. doi:10.1080/08923973.2020.176537432429720
  • National Research Council. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.
  • Maus M, Fraietta J, Levine B, Kalos M, Zhao Y, June C. Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer or viruses. Ann Rev Immunol. 2014;32(1):189–225. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-12013624423116
  • Monjazeb A, Hsiao HH, Sckisel G, Murphy W. The role of antigen-specific and non-specific immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. J Immunotoxicol. 2012;9(3):248–258. doi:10.3109/1547691X.2012.68552722734880
  • Bascones-Martinez A, Mattila R, Gomez-Font R, Meurman JH. Immunomodulatory drugs: oral and systemic adverse effects. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014;19(1):e24–e31. doi:10.4317/medoral.1908723986016
  • Ahmed RS, Newman AS, O’Daly J, et al. Inosine AcedobenDimepranol promotes an early and sustained increase in the natural killer cell component of circulating lymphocytes: a clinical trial supporting anti-viral indications. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017;42:108–114. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.02327912146
  • Sudenga SL, Shrestha S. Key considerations and current perspectives of epidemiological studies on human papillomavirus persistence, the intermediate phenotype to cervical cancer. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17(4):e216–e220. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.02723453716
  • Muñoz N, Hernandez-Suarez G, Méndez F, et al. Persistence of HPV infection and risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of Colombian women. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(7):1184–1190. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.660497219293802
  • Bonde J, Bottari F, Iacobone AD, et al. Human papillomavirus same genotype persistence and risk: a systematic review. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2021;25(1):27–37. doi:10.1097/LGT.000000000000057333105450
  • Giuliano AR, Harris R, Sedjo RL, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and clearance of type- specific human papillomavirus infections: the Young Women’s Health Study. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:462–469. doi:10.1086/34178212195372
  • Ho GY, Burk RD, Klein S, et al. Persistent genital human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for persistent cervical dysplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87(18):1365–1371. doi:10.1093/jnci/87.18.13657658497
  • Venturoli S, Ambretti S, Cricca M, et al. Correlation of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes persistence and risk of residual or recurrent cervical disease after surgical treatment. J Med Virol. 2008;80(8):1434–1440. doi:10.1002/jmv.2119818551620
  • Rachel Skinner S, Wheeler CM, Romanowski B, et al. Progression of HPV infection to detectable cervical lesions or clearance in adult women: analysis of the control arm of the VIVIANE study. Int J Cancer. 2016;138(10):2428–2438. doi:10.1002/ijc.2997126685704
  • Rositch AF, Koshiol J, Hudgens M, et al. Patterns of persistent genital human papillomavirus infection among women worldwide: a literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2013;133(6):1271–1285. doi:10.1002/ijc.2782822961444
  • Jaisamrarn U, Castellsagué X, Garland SM, et al. Natural history of progression of HPV infection to cervical lesion or clearance: analysis of the control arm of the large, randomised PATRICIA study. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79260. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.007926024260180
  • Miranda PM, Silva NNT, Pitol BCV, et al. Persistence or clearance of human papillomavirus infections in women in OuroPreto, Brazil. Bio Med Res Int. 2013;2013:578276.
  • Delvenne P. Rôle des réponsesimmunitairesdans les lésions (pré) néoplasiquescervicalesassociées aux papillomavirus humains [Immunologic response to (pre)neoplastic cervical lesions associated with human papillomavirus]. Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg. 2005;160(5–6):287–293. French.16465783
  • Amador-Molina A, Hernández-Valencia JF, Lamoyi E, Contreras-Paredes A, Lizano M. Role of innate immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and effect of adjuvants in promoting specific immune response. Viruses. 2013;5(11):2624–2642. doi:10.3390/v511262424169630
  • Stanley MA, Sterling JC. Host responses to infection with human papillomavirus. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2014;45:58–74.24643178
  • Smola S. Immunopathogenesis of HPV-associated cancers and prospects for immunotherapy. Viruses. 2017;9(9):254. doi:10.3390/v9090254
  • Barros MR, de Melo CML, Barros ML, de Cássia Pereira de Lima R, de Freitas AC, Venuti A. Activities of stromal and immune cells in HPV-related cancers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018;37(1):137. doi:10.1186/s13046-018-0802-729976244
  • Sheu BC, Chang WC, Lin HH, Chow SN, Huang SC. Immune concept of human papillomaviruses and related antigens in local cancer milieu of human cervical neoplasia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2007;33(2):103–113. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00492.x17441881
  • Woodby B, Scott M, Bodily J. The interaction between human papillomaviruses and the stromal microenvironment. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2016;144:169–238.27865458
  • Deligeoroglou E, Giannouli A, Athanasopoulos N, et al. HPV infection: immunological aspects and their utility in future therapy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2013:540850. doi:10.1155/2013/54085024023507
  • Lee SJ, Yang A, Wu TC, Hung CF. Immunotherapy for human papillomavirus-associated disease and cervical cancer: review of clinical and translational research. J Gynecol Oncol. 2016;27(5):e51. doi:10.3802/jgo.2016.27.e5127329199
  • Barros MR, de Oliveira THA, de Melo CML, Venuti A, de Freitas AC. Viral modulation of TLRs and cytokines and the related immunotherapies for HPV-associated cancers. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:2912671. doi:10.1155/2018/291267129854832
  • Singh M, Thakral D, Rishi N, Kar HK, Mitra DK. Functional characterization of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses among human papillomavirus infected patients with anogenital warts. Virus Dis. 2017;28(2):133–140. doi:10.1007/s13337-017-0382-8
  • Nasu K, Narahara H. Pattern recognition via the toll-like receptor system in the human female genital tract. Mediat Inflamm. 2010;2010:976024. doi:10.1155/2010/976024
  • Yang K, Puel A, Zhang S, et al. Human TLR-7-, −8-, and −9-mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda Is IRAK-4 dependent and redundant for protective immunity to viruses. Immunity. 2005;23:465–478. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.01616286015
  • Miller LS, Modlin RL. Human keratinocyte Toll-like receptors promote distinct immune responses. J Investig Dermatol. 2007;127:262–263. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.570055917228303
  • Sasagawa T, Takagi H, Makinoda S. Immune responses against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and evasion of host defense in cervical cancer. J Infect Chemother. 2012;18(6):807–815. doi:10.1007/s10156-012-0485-523117294
  • Sparber F. Langerhans cells: an update. J Germ Soc Dermatol. 2014;12(12):1107–1111.
  • Woo YL, van den Hende M, Sterling JC, et al. A prospective study on the natural course of lowgrade squamous intraepithelial lesions and the presence of HPV16 E2-, E6- and E7-specific T-cell responses. Int J Cancer. 2010;126(1):133–141. doi:10.1002/ijc.2480419645010
  • Vici P, Pizzuti L, Mariani L, et al. Targeting immune response with therapeutic vaccines in premalignant lesions and cervical cancer: hope or reality from clinical studies. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016;15(10):1327–1336. doi:10.1080/14760584.2016.117653327063030
  • You Y, Wang L, Li Y, et al. Multicenter randomized study of inosine pranobex versus acyclovir in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis and recurrent herpes genitalis in Chinese patients. J Dermatol. 2015;42(6):596–601. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.1284525819042
  • Brzeski M, Madhok R, Hunter JA, Capel HA. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of inosine pranobex in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49:293–295. doi:10.1136/ard.49.5.2931693065
  • Sliva J, Pantzartzi CN, Votava M. Inosine pranobex: a key player in the game against a wide range of viral infections and non-infectious diseases. Adv Ther. 2019;36(8):1878–1905. doi:10.1007/s12325-019-00995-631168764
  • Petrova M, Jelev D, Ivanova A, Krastev Z. Isoprinosine affects serum cytokine levels in healthy adults. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2010;30(4):223–228. doi:10.1089/jir.2009.005720038210
  • Lasek W, Janyst M, Wolny R, Zapala L, Bocian K, Drela N. Immunomodulatory effects of inosine pranobex on cytokine production by human lymphocytes. Acta Pharm. 2015;65(2):171–180. doi:10.1515/acph-2015-001526011933
  • Milano S, Dieli M, Millott S, Miceli MD, Maltese E, Cillari E. Effect of isoprinosine on IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in vivo and in vitro. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1991;13(7):1013–1018. doi:10.1016/0192-0561(91)90055-C1722191
  • Tsang KY, Pan JF, Swanger DL, Fudenberg HH. In vitro restoration of immune responses in aging humans by isoprinosine. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1985;7(2):199–206. doi:10.1016/0192-0561(85)90027-X2409037
  • Sabat R, Grutz G, Warszawska K, et al. Biology of interleukin-10. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010;21(5):331–344. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.00221115385
  • Ohnishi H, Kosuzume H, Inaba H, Ohkura M, Shimada S, Suzuki Y. The immunomodulatory action of inosiplex in relation to its effects in experimental viral infections. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1983;5(3):181–196. doi:10.1016/0192-0561(83)90055-36194125
  • Isoprinosine. Summary of product characteristics. Ewopharma International; 2003. Available from: http://www.doctoronline.bg. Accessed 528, 2021.
  • Renoux G, Renoux M, Guillaumin J-M. Isoprinosine as an immunopotentiator. J Immunopharmacol. 1979;1(3):337–356. doi:10.3109/0892397790902637995412
  • Krastev Z, Jelev D, Ivanova R. Isoprinosine induces a rapid lympho-mononuclear response in adult participants. Med Inf. 2015;2(1):80–85.
  • Corey L, Chiang W, Reeves W, Stamm W, Brewer L, Holmes K. Effect of isoprinosine on the cellular immune response in initial genital herpes virus infection. Clin Res. 1979;27:41A.
  • Galbraith GM, Thiers BH, Fudenberg HH. An openlabel trial of immunomodulation therapy with inosiplex (Isoprinosine) in patients with alopecia totalis and cell-mediated immunodeficiency. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984;11(2):224–230. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(84)70153-86207216
  • Cianciara J, Laskus T, Gabinska E, Loch T. Isoprinosine in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis type B. Scand J Infect Dis. 1990;22(6):645–648. doi:10.3109/003655490090271151704640
  • Diaz-Mitoma F, Turgonyi E, Kumar A, Lim W, Larocque L, Hyde BM. Clinical improvement in chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with enhanced natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity: the results of a pilot study with isoprinosine. J Chronic Fatigue Syndr. 2003;11(2):71–95. doi:10.1300/J092v11n02_06
  • Sadoul G, Beuret TH. Treatment of cervical and vulvar condylomata by СО2 laser also with a immunostimulant. Rev Fran Gynecol Obstet. 1984;79(11):681–684.
  • Mohanty KC, Scott CS. Immunotherapy of genital warts with inosine pranobex (Imunovir): preliminary study. Sex Transmit Infect. 1986;62:352–355. doi:10.1136/sti.62.5.352
  • Davidson-Parker J, Dinsmore W, Khan MH, Hicks DA, Morris CA, Morris DF. Immunotherapy of genital warts with inosine pranobex and conventional treatment: double blind placebo controlled study. Genitourin Med. 1988;64(6):383–386. doi:10.1136/sti.64.6.3832465265
  • Nejmark BA, Kondrateva JS, Zologina VS, Torbik DV. Effectiveness of combined treatment of HPV infection. Urologia. 2015;(2):39–40,42.
  • Tay SK. Efficacy of inosine pranobex oral therapy in subclinical human papillomavirus infection of the vulva: a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study. Int J STD AIDS. 1996;7(4):276–280. doi:10.1258/09564629619179608876359
  • Rakhmatulina MR. Combination therapy for papillomavirus infection. Akusherstvoi Ginekologiya/Obstet Gynecol. 2017;12:122–125. Russian.
  • Budanov PV, Churganova AA, Bakhtiyarov KR, Strizhakov AN. Human papillomavirus infection: the efficacy of treatment with inosine pranobex. Gynecology. 2015;17(6):56–59. doi:10.26442/2079-5696_17.6.56-59
  • Bitsadze VO, Khamani NM, Makatsariya NA. Role of inosine pranobex in management of HPV-associated diseases: problems and prospective. Obstet Gynecol Reprod. 2016;10(3):76–84. Russian. doi:10.17749/2313-7347.2016.10.2.076-084
  • Prilepskaya VN, Rogovskaya SI. Possibilities of isoprinosine in treatment of chronic cervicitis and vaginitis. Russ Med J. 2008;16(1):5–9.
  • Linask LI, Grigorieva EE. Experience of the use of Isoprinosin against cervical diseases in the adolescents and young women with papillomavirus infection. Russ Med J. 2008;16(19):1221–1225.
  • Eliseeva MY, Manukhin IB, Mynbaev OA, Zvereva NS, Mishutina AA, Tcarev VN. Antiviral effect of isoprinosine in HPV-associated diseases. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2:107–114.
  • Pestrikova TY, Pushkar VA. Evaluation of comprehensive treatment of cervical pathology associated with HPV. Gynecol. 2015;17(1):50–53. doi:10.26442/2079-5831_17.4.50-53
  • Pestrikova TY, Panfilova YO, Yurasova EA, Kotelnikova AV. Assessment of viral load in patients with HPV-associated cervicitis during the course of complex treatment. Gynecology. 2017;19(3):45–48.
  • Ordiyants IM, Buyanova NV, Abdurakhmanova MB. Recurrence of HPV infection after combination therapy of uterine cervical diseases. Obstet Gynecol News Opin Train. 2018;6(3):47–52.
  • Kedrova AG, Podisov YI, Kuznetsov VV, Bryugzin VV, Kozachenko VP, Nikogosyan SO. Role of antiviral therapy in the complex treatment of patients with epithelial dysplasias and preinvasive cancer of the cervix uteri. Akush Ginekol. 2006;6:27–30.
  • Kedrova AG. Local immunosuppressive damage in the human papillomavirus persistence. RMJ. 2017;26:1971–1976.