References
- WilliamsonEJ, WalkerAJ, BhaskaranK, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584:430–436. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2521-432640463
- ParohanM, YaghoubiS, SerajiA, et al. Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging Male. 2020;23:1416–1424. doi:10.1080/13685538.2020.1774748.32508193
- KimL, GargS, O’HalloranA, et al. Risk factors for intensive care unit admission and in-hospital mortality among hospitalized adults identified through the U.S. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hospitalization surveillance network (COVID-NET). Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1012
- Gutierrez-GutierrezB, Del ToroMD, BorobiaAM, et al. Identification and validation of clinical phenotypes with prognostic implications in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00019-0
- AzoulayE, ZafraniL, MirouseA, et al. Clinical phenotypes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:1651–1652. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06120-432468086
- StokesAC, LundbergDJ, EloIT, et al. COVID-19 and excess mortality in the United States: a county-level analysis. PLoS Med. 2021;18:e1003571. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.100357134014945
- PrestonSH, VierboomYC. Excess mortality in the United States in the 21st century. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118:e2024850118. doi:10.1073/pnas.202485011833846260
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Covid-19 forecasts: cumulative deaths. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/forecasting-us.html. Accessed 67.
- Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques. The demographics of Covid-19 deaths. Available from: https://dc-covid.site.ined.fr/en/. Accessed 67.
- RichardsonS, HirschJS, NarasimhanM, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323:2052–2059. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.677532320003
- LanzaST, CollinsLM, LemmonDR, et al. PROC LCA: a SAS procedure for latent class analysis. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14:671–694. doi:10.1080/1070551070157560219953201
- LiP, DaiQ, CaiP, et al. Identifying different phenotypes in takotsubo cardiomyopathy by latent class analysis. ESC Heart Failure. 2021;8:555–565. doi:10.1002/ehf2.1311733244882
- SudreCH, LeeKA, LochlainnMN, et al. Symptom clusters in Covid19: a potential clinical prediction tool from the COVID Symptom study app. Sci Adv. 2021;7(12). doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.20129056
- Severe Covid-19 GWAS Group. Genomewide association study of severe Covid-19 with respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1522–1534. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa202028332558485
- KaserA. Genetic risk of severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1590–1591. doi:10.1056/NEJMe202550133053291
- Messinger-RapportBJ, KamelHK. Predictors of do not resuscitate orders in the nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2005;6:18–21. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2004.12.00615871866
- BoonmeeP, RuangsomboonO, LimsuwatC, et al. Predictors of mortality in elderly and very elderly emergency patients with sepsis: a retrospective study. West J Emerg Med. 2020;21:210–218. doi:10.5811/westjem.2020.7.4740533207168
- SamadF, RufW. Inflammation, obesity, and thrombosis. Blood. 2013;122:3415–3422. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-05-42770824092932
- CunninghamJW, VaduganathanM, ClaggettBL, et al. Clinical outcomes in young US adults hospitalized with COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.5313
- SinhaP, CalfeeCS, CherianS, et al. Prevalence of phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:1209–1218. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30366-032861275
- MansonJJ, CrooksC, NajaM, et al. COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2:e594–e602. doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30275-732864628
- SandersJM, MonogueML, JodlowskiTZ, et al. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020;323:1824–1836. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.601932282022
- PerezAD, HirschmanC. The changing racial and ethnic composition of the us population: emerging American identities. Popul Dev Rev. 2009;35:1–51. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2009.00260.x20539823
- National Research Council, Committee on Population. U.S. Health In International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013.