Investigation of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli in Rectal Swabs Collected from Neonates and Their Associated Factors in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Southern Ethiopia

References

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2017. Stockholm: ECDC; 2017. Available from:https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/surveillance-antimicrobial-resistance-europe-2017. Accessed 11, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Antimicrobial resistance global report on surveillance: 2014 summary. World Health Organization; 2014. Available from:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/112642/9789241564748_eng.pdf. Accessed 11, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Prioritization of pathogens to guide discovery, research and development of new antibiotics for drug-resistant bacterial infections, including tuberculosis. World Health Organization; 2017. Available from:https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/rational_use/PPLreport_2017_09_19.pdf. Accessed 11, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• ShrivastavaSR, ShrivastavaPS, RamasamyJ. World health organization releases global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics. J Med Soc. 2018;32(1):76–77. doi:10.4103/jms.jms_25_17
   Google Scholar
• Flores-CarreroA, LabradorI, Paniz-MondolfiA, PeaperDR, TowleD, AraqueM. Nosocomial outbreak of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter ludwigii co-harbouring CTX-M-8, SHV-12 and TEM-15 in a neonatal intensive care unit in Venezuela. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2016;7:114–118. PMID: 27750157. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2016.08.00627750157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohnsonJ, QuachC. Outbreaks in the neonatal ICU: a review of the literature. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30(4):395–403. PMID: 28582313. doi:10.1097/QCO.000000000000038328582313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-VillodresÁ, Gil-MarquésML, Álvarez-MarínR, et al. Extended-spectrum resistance to β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors (ESRI) evolved from low-level resistant Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75:77–85. PMID: 31613964. doi:10.1093/jac/dkz39331613964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leikin-ZachV, Eilon ShanyM, Tali ShafatM, BorerA, MelamedR. Neonatal risk factors for colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the neonatal intensive care unit. Isr Med Assoc J. 2018;20:286–290. PMID: 29761673.29761673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoovenTA, PolinRA. Healthcare-associated infections in the hospitalized neonate: a review. Early Hum Dev. 2014;90:S4–S6. PMID: 24709456. doi:10.1016/S0378-3782(14)70002-724709456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CurtisC, ShettyN. Recent trends and prevention of infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008;21(4):350–356. PMID: 18594285. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283013af418594285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiX, XuX, YangX, et al. Risk factors for infection and/or colonisation with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria in the neonatal intensive care unit: a meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017;50(5):622–628. PMID: 28733213. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.02728733213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GiulianoC, PatelCR, Kale-PradhanPB. A guide to bacterial culture identification and results interpretation. P T. 2019;44:192–200. PMC6428495.30930604
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. PA, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• VillarHE, BaserniMN, JugoJ. Faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenems resistant gram negative bacilli in community settings. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013;7:630–634. PMID: 23949299. doi:10.3855/jidc.290023949299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CassettariV, Da SilveiraI, DropaM, et al. Risk factors for colonisation of newborn infants during an outbreak of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intermediate-risk neonatal unit. J Hosp Infect. 2009;71:340–347. PMID: 19147256. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2008.11.01919147256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SakaiAM, IensueTN, PereiraKO, et al. Colonization by multidrug-resistant microorganisms of hospitalized newborns and their mothers in the neonatal unit context. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020;14:765–771. PMID: 32794468. doi:10.3855/jidc.1209132794468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DenkelLA, SchwabF, KolaA, et al. The mother as most important risk factor for colonization of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69:2230–2237. PMID: 24729603. doi:10.1093/jac/dku09724729603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GiuffrèM, GeraciDM, BonuraC, et al. The increasing challenge of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli: results of a 5-year active surveillance program in a neonatal intensive care unit. Medicine. 2016;95:e3016. PMID: 26962817. doi:10.1097/MD.000000000000301626962817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VijayakanthiN, BahlD, KaurN, MariaA, DubeyNK. Frequency and characteristics of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms in neonates: a prospective cohort study. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:756209. PMCID: PMC3794505. doi:10.1155/2013/75620924175299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KiremitçiA, DinleyiciEÇ, YargıçZA, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of fecal carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized and ambulatory children. J Pediatr Infect. 2011;5:54–58. doi:10.5152/ced.2011.22
   Google Scholar
• SomilyAM, AlsubaieSS, BinSaeedAA, et al. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the neonatal intensive care unit: does vancomycin play a role?Am J Infect Control. 2014;42:277–282. PMID: 24581016. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.09.02824581016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NelsonE, KayegaJ, SeniJ, et al. Evaluation of existence and transmission of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria from post-delivery women to neonates at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza-Tanzania. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:279. PMID: 24886506. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-27924886506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DestaK, WoldeamanuelY, AzazhA, et al. High gastrointestinal colonization rate with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized patients: emergence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0161685. PMID: 27574974. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.016168527574974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArhouneB, OumokhtarB, HmamiF, et al. Rectal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among hospitalised neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit in Fez, Morocco. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2017;8:90–96. PMID: 28039104. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2016.11.00428039104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LabiAK, BjerrumS, Enweronu-LaryeaCC, et al. editors. High carriage rates of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in neonatal intensive care units from Ghana. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7:ofaa109. PMID: 32373647. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa10932373647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KagiaN, KosgeiP, OokoM, et al. Carriage and acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales among neonates admitted to hospital in Kilifi, Kenya. CID. 2019;69:751–759. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SongX, SoghierL, FloydTT, HarrisTR, ShortBL, DeBiasiRL. Reassessing the need for active surveillance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae in the neonatal intensive care population. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018;39:1436–1441. PMID: 30345942. doi:10.1017/ice.2018.26030345942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huerta-GarcíaGC, Miranda-NovalesG, Díaz-RamosR, Vázquez-RosalesG, Solórzano-SantosF. Intestinal colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in infants. Rev Invest Clin. 2015;67:313–317. PMID: 26696335.26696335
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NordbergV, PeraltaAQ, GalindoT, et al. High proportion of intestinal colonization with successful epidemic clones of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Ecuador. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76597. PMID: 24146896. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.007659724146896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EberhartM, GrisoldA, LavoratoM, ReschE, TrobischA, ReschB. Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales in stool surveillance cultures of preterm infants are no risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis: a retrospective case–control study over 12 years. Infection. 2020;48:853–860. PMID: 32462287. doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01453-032462287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MairiA, TouatiA, BessaiSA, et al. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among pregnant women and newborns in Algeria: prevalence, molecular characterization, maternal-neonatal transmission, and risk factors for carriage. Am J Infect Control. 2019;47:105–108. PMID: 30220617. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2018.07.00930220617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-WahabF, GhoneimM, KhashabaM, El-GilanyA-H, Abdel-HadyD. Nosocomial infection surveillance in an Egyptian neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2013;83:196–199. PMID: 23374289. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2012.10.01723374289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AkliluA, ManilalA, AmeyaG, WoldemariamM, SirajM. Gastrointestinal tract colonization rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and associated factors among hospitalized patients in Arba Minch general hospital, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:1517–1526. PMID: 32547121. doi:10.2147/IDR.S23909232547121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GajdácsM, KárpátiK, StájerA, ZanettiS, DonaduMG. Insights on carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: phenotypic characterization of relevant isolates. Acta Biol Szeged. 2021;65:105–112. doi:10.14232/abs.2021.1.105-112
   Google Scholar
• DonaduMG, ZanettiS, NagyAL, BarrakI, GajdácsM. Insights on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: phenotypic characterization of relevant isolates. Acta Biol Szeged. 2021;65:85–92. doi:10.14232/abs.2021.1.85-92
   Google Scholar
• MontazeriEA, KhosraviAD, SakiM, SirousM, KeikhaeiB, Seyed-MohammadiS. Prevalence of extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae causing bloodstream infections in cancer patients from southwest of Iran. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:1319. doi:10.2147/IDR.S25435732440169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SheikhAF, BandbalMM, SakiM. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella species harboring extended-spectrum betalactamase genes in pediatric patients with diarrhea from Southwest of Iran. Mol Biol Rep. 2020;47(9):7097–7106. doi:10.1007/s11033-020-05776-x32894435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour AminMS, JavaherizadehH, MotamedifarM, et al. Antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates in children from southwest Iran. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:1097. doi:10.2147/IDR.S16727130127627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YazdansetadS, AlkhudhairyMK, NajafpourR, et al. Preliminary survey of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in nosocomial uropathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae in northcentral Iran. Heliyon. 2019;5(9):e02349. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e0234931687535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar