518
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Meningitis Among Patients in Quetta, Pakistan

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 5107-5120 | Published online: 01 Dec 2021

References

  • Basarab M, Ihekweazu C, George R, Pebody R. Effective management in clusters of pneumococcal disease: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(2):119–130. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70281-421272792
  • Chang C-J, Chang H-W, Chang W-N, et al. Seizures complicating infantile and childhood bacterial meningitis. Pediatr Neurol. 2004;31(3):165–171. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.03.00915351014
  • Garges HP. Neonatal meningitis: What is the correlation among cerebrospinal fluid cultures, blood cultures, and cerebrospinal fluid parameters? Pediatrics. 2006;117(4):1094–1100. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-113216585303
  • Jiang H, Su M, Kui L, et al. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of cerebrospinal fluid pathogens in children with acute bacterial meningitis in Yunnan province, China, 2012–2015. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0180161. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.018016128662145
  • Okike IO, Ribeiro S, Ramsay ME, Heath PT, Sharland M, Ladhani SN. Trends in bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal meningitis in England and Wales 2004–11: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(4):301–307. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70332-324508198
  • Kim KS. Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):32–42. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70306-820129147
  • Paireau J, Chen A, Broutin H, Grenfell B, Basta NE. Seasonal dynamics of bacterial meningitis: a time-series analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(6):e370–e377. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30064-X27198841
  • Rosenstein NE, Perkins BA, Stephens DS, Popovic T, Hughes JM. Meningococcal disease. New Engl J Med. 2001;344(18):1378–1388. doi:10.1056/NEJM20010503344180711333996
  • Kim KS. Neonatal bacterial meningitis. NeoReviews. 2015;16(9):e535–e543. doi:10.1542/neo.16-9-e535
  • Michael CA, Dominey-Howes D, Labbate M. The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management. Front Public Health. 2014;2:145. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.0014525279369
  • Foxman B. Molecular epidemiology: focus on infection. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153(12):1135–1141. doi:10.1093/aje/153.12.113511415945
  • Umer MF, Zofeen S, Hu W, Qi X, Zhuang G. Spatiotemporal clustering analysis of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccination coverage in Pakistan. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–11. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67839-031913322
  • USAID Pakistan. Childhood immunization in Pakistan; 2012.
  • Pruesse E, Peplies J, Glöckner FO. SINA: accurate high-throughput multiple sequence alignment of ribosomal RNA genes. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(14):1823–1829. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts25222556368
  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Mol Biol Evol. 2018;35(6):1547–1549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy09629722887
  • CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. 2020. CLSI supplement M100-ED30
  • Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23(3):467–492. doi:10.1128/cmr.00070-0920610819
  • Davis LE. Acute bacterial meningitis. Continuum. 2018;24(5):1264–1283. doi:10.1212/con.000000000000066030273239
  • Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998–2007. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(21):2016–2025. doi:10.1056/nejmoa100538421612470
  • Taj A, Jamil N. Detection of meningococcal meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological disorders in government hospitals of Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(11):1418–1421.27812059
  • Zaidi Anita KM, Khan H, Lasi R, Mahesar W. Surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis among children in Sindh, Southern Pakistan. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(s2):S129–S135. doi:10.1086/59649119191608
  • Bari A, Zeeshan F, Zafar A, Ejaz H, Iftikhar A, Rathore AW. Childhood acute bacterial meningitis: clinical spectrum, bacteriological profile and outcome. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(10):822–826.27806810
  • Nhantumbo AA, Cantarelli VV, Caireão J, et al. Frequency of pathogenic paediatric bacterial meningitis in Mozambique: the critical role of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to estimate the burden of disease. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0138249. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.013824926393933
  • Heckenberg SGB, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Bacterial meningitis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;121:1361–1375. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00093-624365425
  • Oordt-Speets AM, Bolijn R, van Hoorn RC, Bhavsar A, Kyaw MH. Global etiology of bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0198772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.019877229889859
  • Gervaix A, Taguebue J, Bescher BN, et al. Bacterial meningitis and pneumococcal serotype distribution in children in Cameroon. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31:1084–1087. doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e318260552d22653488
  • Government of Pakistan. Expanded Programs on Immunization; 2018. Available from: http://www.epi.gov.pk/vaccine-preventable-diseases/meningitis. Accessed November 26, 2021.
  • Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Labour force statistics (2014–2015); 2015.
  • Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH. Bacterial meningitis in children. Lancet. 2003;361(9375):2139–2148. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13693-812826449
  • Osrin D, Vergnano S, Costello A. Serious bacterial infections in newborn infants in developing countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004;17(3):217–224. doi:10.1097/00001432-200406000-0000815166824
  • Ku LC, Boggess KA, Cohen-Wolkowiez M. Bacterial meningitis in infants. Clin Perinatol. 2015;42(1):29–45. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2014.10.00425677995
  • Fish EN. The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(9):737–744. doi:10.1038/nri239418728636
  • Araneo B, Dowell T, Diegel M, Daynes R. Dihydrotestosterone exerts a depressive influence on the production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and gamma-interferon, but not IL-2 by activated murine T cells. Blood. 1991;78(3):688–699. doi:10.1182/blood.v78.3.688.bloodjournal7836881830499
  • Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Macias CG, et al. Clinical prediction rule for identifying children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis at very low risk of bacterial meningitis. JAMA. 2007;297(1):52–60. doi:10.1001/jama.297.1.5217200475
  • Borer A, Saidel-Odes L, Riesenberg K, et al. Attributable mortality rate for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(10):972–976. doi:10.1086/60592219712030
  • Lu C-H, Chang W-N, Chang H-W. Adult bacterial meningitis in southern Taiwan: epidemiologic trend and prognostic factors. J Neurol Sci. 2000;182(1):36–44. doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00445-711102637
  • Lucas MJ, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, van de Beek D. Endocarditis in adults with bacterial meningitis. Circulation. 2013;127(20):2056–2062. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.00154523596007
  • Moat A, Jarousha A, Al Afifi A. Epidemiology and risk factors associated with developing bacterial meningitis among children in Gaza Strip. Iranian J Public Health. 2014;43(9):1176–1183.
  • Nickerson JW, Attaran A, Westerberg BD, Curtis S, Overton S, Mayer P. Fatal bacterial meningitis possibly associated with substandard ceftriaxone — Uganda, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;64(50–51):1375–1377. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6450a226720749
  • Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, et al. Changes in pathogens causing early-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):240–247. doi:10.1056/nejmoa01265712140299
  • Bilal H, Khan MN, Rehman T, Hameed MF, Yang X. Antibiotic resistance in Pakistan: a systematic review of past decade. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1). doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05906-1
  • Tigabu A, Jember A, Nega T, et al. Bacterial meningitis among adult patients at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:565–574. doi:10.2147/idr.s29679233623397
  • Assegu Fenta D, Lemma K, Tadele H, Tadesse BT, Derese B. Antimicrobial sensitivity profile and bacterial isolates among suspected pyogenic meningitis patients attending at Hawassa University Hospital: cross-sectional study. BMC Microbiol. 2020;20(1):125. doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01808-532429892
  • CDC. How Antibiotic Resistance Happens. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; March 20, 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about/how-resistance-happens.html. Accessed November 26, 2021.
  • World Health Organization. Antibiotic resistance. World Health Organization; July 31, 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance. Accessed November 26, 2021.
  • Wang Y, Guo G, Wang H, et al. Comparative study of bacteriological culture and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) hybridization assay in the diagnosis of bacterial neonatal meningitis. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14(1):224. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-14-22425200110
  • Johnson EJ, Zemanick ET, Accurso FJ, Wagner BD, Robertson CE, Harris JK. Molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus in airway samples from children with cystic fibrosis. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147643. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.014764326808658