Serum Levels of Seven General Cytokines in Acute Brucellosis Before and After Treatment

References

• Dean AS, Crump L, Greter H, et al. Global burden of human brucellosis: a systematic review of disease frequency. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(10):e1865. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.000186523145195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang H, O’Callaghan D, Ding JB. Brucellosis in China: history, progress and challenge. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):55. doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00673-832448394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amjadi O, Rafiei A, Mardani M, et al. A review of the immunopathogenesis of Brucellosis. Infect Dis. 2019;51(5):321–333. doi:10.1080/23744235.2019.1568545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis. Chin J Infect Dis. 2017;35(12):705–710.
   Google Scholar
• Bosilkovski M, Keramat F, Arapović J. The current therapeutical strategies in human brucellosis. Infection. 2021;49(5):823–832. doi:10.1007/s15010-021-01586-w33650077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Figueiredo P, Ficht TA, Rice-Ficht A, et al. Pathogenesis and immunobiology of brucellosis: review of Brucella-host interactions. Am J Pathol. 2015;185(6):1505–1517. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.00325892682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skendros P, Pappas G, Boura P. Cell-mediated immunity in human brucellosis. Microbes Infect. 2011;13(2):134–142. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2010.10.01521034846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yingst S, Hoover DL. T cell immunity to brucellosis. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2003;29(4):313–331. doi:10.1080/71360801214636042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannella AP, Tsolis RM, Liang L, et al. Antigen-specific acquired immunity in human brucellosis: implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:1. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.0000122919593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goenka R, Parent MA, Elzer PH, et al. B cell-deficient mice display markedly enhanced resistance to the intracellular bacterium Brucella abortus. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(8):1136–1146. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiq17121451002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• High KP, Prasad R, Marion CR, et al. Outcome and immune responses after Brucella abortus infection in young adult and aged mice. Biogerontology. 2007;8(5):583–593. doi:10.1007/s10522-007-9106-617653832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitry MA, De Trez C, Goriely S, et al. Crucial role of gamma interferon-producing CD4+ Th1 cells but dispensable function of CD8+ T cell, B Cell, Th2, and Th17 responses in the control of Brucella melitensis infection in mice. Infect Immun. 2012;80(12):4271–4280. doi:10.1128/IAI.00761-1223006848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier MN, Winter MG, Spees AM, et al. CD4+ T cell-derived IL-10 promotes Brucella abortus persistence via modulation of macrophage function. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(6):e1003454. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.100345423818855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roop RM, Barton IS, Hopersberger D, et al. Uncovering the hidden credentials of Brucella virulence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2021;85(1):e00021–19.33568459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitry MA, Hanot MD, De Trez C, et al. Humoral immunity and CD4+ Th1 cells are both necessary for a fully protective immune response upon secondary infection with Brucella melitensis. J Immunol. 2014;192(8):3740–3752. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.130256124646742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafiei A, Ardestani SK, Kariminia A, et al. Dominant Th1 cytokine production in early onset of human brucellosis followed by switching towards Th2 along prolongation of disease. J Infect. 2006;53(5):315–324. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.02416488475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun HL, Ma CJ, Du XF, et al. Soluble IL-2Rα correlates with imbalances of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 cells in patients with acute brucellosis. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):92. doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00699-y32660627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng R, Xie S, Zhang Q, et al. Circulating Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, and PD-1 levels in Patients with Brucellosis. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:3783209. doi:10.1155/2019/378320931467933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu G, Zhang P, Dang R, et al. Dynamic changes of Th1 cytokines and the clinical significance of the IFN-γ/TNF-α ratio in acute Brucellosis. Mediators Inflamm. 2019;2019:5869257. doi:10.1155/2019/586925731686983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanakis E, Makis A, Bourantas KL, et al. Interleukin-3 and interleukin-4 in childhood brucellosis. Infection. 2002;30(1):33–34. doi:10.1007/s15010-002-2039-811876513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H, Jiang R, Han B, et al. Serum levels of soluble CD163 and soluble CD14 following antibiotic therapy of patients with acute brucellosis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019;13(08):714–719. doi:10.3855/jidc.1060232069255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shostak E, Krause I, Dagan A, et al. Is serum CRP level a reliable inflammatory marker in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016;31(8):1287–1293. doi:10.1007/s00467-016-3328-226956466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams A, Steffens F, Reinecke C, et al. The Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile of HIV-infected individuals: a multivariate cytokinomics approach. Cytokine. 2013;61(2):521–526. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.00623232337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korn T, Bettelli E, Oukka M, et al. IL-17 and Th17 cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27(1):485–517. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.13271019132915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raphael I, Nalawade S, Eagar TN, et al. T cell subsets and their signature cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Cytokine. 2015;74(1):5–17. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.09.01125458968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staudt V, Bothur E, Klein M, et al. Interferon-regulatory factor 4 is essential for the developmental program of T helper 9 cells. Immunity. 2010;33(2):192–202. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.07.01420674401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scriba TJ, Kalsdorf B, Abrahams DA, et al. Distinct, specific IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4+ T cell subsets contribute to the human anti-mycobacterial immune response. J Immunol. 2008;180(3):1962–1970. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.196218209095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crotty S. Follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH). Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29(1):621–663. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-10140021314428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin ZQ, Lin GY, He WW, et al. IL-6 and INF-gamma levels in patients with brucellosis in severe epidemic region, Xinjiang, China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):47. doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00666-732381058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmanpour M, Keramat F, Jourghasemi S, et al. Direct correlation between Th1 and Th17 responses in immunity to Brucella infection. Microbes Infect. 2019;21(10):441–448. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2019.05.00231185302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Zapata M, Matías MJ, Prieto A, et al. Human brucellosis is characterized by an intense Th1 profile associated with a defective monocyte function. Infect Immun. 2010;78(7):3272–3279. doi:10.1128/IAI.01385-0920404074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao W, Lin JX, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-2 at the crossroads of effector responses, tolerance, and immunotherapy. Immunity. 2013;38(1):13–25. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.01.00423352221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dornand J, Gross A, Lafont V, et al. The innate immune response against Brucella in humans. Vet Microbiol. 2002;90(1–4):383–394. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00223-712414158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper AM. IL-17 and anti-bacterial immunity: protection versus tissue damage. Eur J Immunol. 2009;39(3):649–652. doi:10.1002/eji.20083909019283706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodlie M, McKean MC, Johnson GE, et al. Raised interleukin-17 is immunolocalised to neutrophils in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2011;37(6):1378–1385. doi:10.1183/09031936.0006711021109552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrado E, Cooper AM. IL-17 and Th17 cells in tuberculosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010;21(6):455–462. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.10.00421075039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6(10):a016295. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a01629525190079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang J, et al. Brucella abortus phosphoglyceromutase and dihydrodipicolinate reductase induce Th1 and Th2-related immune responses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;34(2):22. doi:10.1007/s11274-017-2405-429302824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun HL, Du XF, Tang YX, et al. Impact of immune checkpoint molecules on FoxP3(+) Treg cells and related cytokines in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1025. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06730-334592958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang W, Rutz S, Crellin NK, et al. Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29(1):71–109. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-10131221166540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedke T, Muscate F, Soukou S, et al. Title: IL-10-producing T cells and their dual functions. Semin Immunol. 2019;44:101335. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2019.10133531734129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wada NI, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, et al. The effect of HAART-induced HIV suppression on circulating markers of inflammation and immune activation. AIDS. 2015;29(4):463–471. doi:10.1097/QAD.000000000000054525630041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burdo TH, Lentz MR, Autissier P, et al. Soluble CD163 made by monocyte/macrophages is a novel marker of HIV activity in early and chronic infection prior to and after anti-retroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(1):154–163. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir21421628670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins HJ, Duijkers R, van der Valk P, et al. CRP-guided antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of COPD in hospital admissions. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(5):1802014.30880285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson D, Moosa MS, Cohen T, et al. Evaluation of tuberculosis treatment response with serial C-reactive protein measurements. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018;5(11):ofy253. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy25330474046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar