Group B Streptococci Vaginal-Recto Colonization, Vertical Transmission to Newborns, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile and Associated Factors in Selected Health Facilities of Bahir Dar City: A Cross-Sectional Study

References

• Rosa-Fraile M, Spellerberg B, Kraft CS. Reliable detection of Group B Streptococcus in the clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(9):2590–2598. doi:10.1128/JCM.00582-1728659318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sastry AS. Review of microbiology and immunology; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Russell NJ, Seale AC, O’Driscoll M, et al. Maternal colonization with group B Streptococcus and serotype distribution worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(2):S100–11. doi:10.1093/cid/cix65829117327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng L, Xu FL, Niu M, et al. Pathogens and clinical features of preterm infants with sepsis. Zhongguo Dang dai er ke za zhi. Chin J Contemp Pediatr. 2019;21(9):881–885.
   Google Scholar
• Girma W, Yimer N, Kassa K, Yesuf E. Group B Streptococcus recto-vaginal colonization in near-term pregnant women, Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2020;30(5):687–695. doi:10.4314/ejhs.v30i5.733911829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armistead B, Oler E, Waldorf KA, Rajagopal L. The double life of group B Streptococcus: asymptomatic colonizer and potent pathogen. J Mol Biol. 2019;431(16):2914–2931. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.03530711542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burcham LR, Spencer BL, Keeler LR, et al. Determinants of group B streptococcal virulence potential amongst vaginal clinical isolates from pregnant women. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0226699. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.022669931851721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furfaro LL, Chang BJ, Payne MS. Perinatal Streptococcus agalactiae epidemiology and surveillance targets. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(4):e00049–18. doi:10.1128/CMR.00049-1830111577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vornhagen J, Armistead B, Santana-Ufret V, et al. Group B Streptococcus exploits vaginal epithelial exfoliation for ascending infection. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(5):1985–1999. doi:10.1172/JCI9704329629904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vornhagen J, Waldorf KM, Rajagopal L. Perinatal group B streptococcal infections: virulence factors, immunity, and prevention strategies. Trends Microbiol. 2017;25(11):919–931. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.05.01328633864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee on obstetric practice prevention of group b streptococcal early-onset disease in newborns: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 797. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:e51–72. doi:10.1097/AOG.000000000000366831977795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kum-Nji P, Meloy L, Pierce J, Ritter A, Wheeler R. Group B streptococcal colonization: prevalence and impact of smoking in women delivering term or near term neonates in a large tertiary care hospital in the southern United States. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0239294. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.023929432941502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YektaKooshali MH, Hamidi M, Tousi SM, Nikokar I. Prevalence of group B Streptococcus colonization in Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Reprod BioMed. 2018;16(12):ijrm.v16i12.3679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clouse K, Shehabi A, Suleimat AM, et al. High prevalence of Group B Streptococcus colonization among pregnant women in Amman, Jordan. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2317-430606156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashary N, Singh A, Chhabria K, Modi D. Meta-analysis on prevalence of vaginal group B Streptococcus colonization and preterm births in India. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;1:1–9. doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1813705
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lekala LM, Mavenyengwa RT, Moyo SR, et al. Risk factors associated with group B Streptococcus colonization and their effect on pregnancy outcome. J Gynecol Obstet. 2015;3(6):121–128. doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20150306.14
   Google Scholar
• Gizachew M, Tiruneh M, Moges F, Tessema B. Streptococcus agalactiae maternal colonization, antibiotic resistance and serotype profiles in Africa: a meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbio Antimicrob. 2019;18(1):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Woldu ZL, Teklehaimanot TG, Waji ST, Gebremariam MY. The prevalence of Group B Streptococcus recto-vaginal colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in pregnant mothers at two hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Reprod Health. 2014;11(1):1–4. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-11-8024383405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunze M, Ziegler A, Fluegge K, Hentschel R, Proempeler H, Berner R. Colonization, serotypes and transmission rates of group B streptococci in pregnant women and their infants born at a single University Center in Germany. J Perinat Med. 2011;39(4):417–422. doi:10.1515/jpm.2011.03721557677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Fu J, Du W, et al. Group B streptococcal colonization in mothers and infants in western China: prevalences and risk factors. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3216-429291713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sridhar Santhanam RJ, Sahni RD, Thomas N, Beck MM. Prevalence of group B Streptococcal colonization among pregnant women and neonates in a tertiary hospital in India. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2017;18(4):181. doi:10.4274/jtgga.2017.003229278230
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gizachew M, Tiruneh M, Moges F, Adefris M, Tigabu Z, Tessema B. Proportion of Streptococcus agalactiae vertical transmission and associated risk factors among Ethiopian mother-newborn dyads, Northwest Ethiopia. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–8. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60447-y31913322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantahun Y, Sebre S, Seman A, Kumbi S. Magnitude of maternal vaginal colonization of Group B Streptococcus and neonatal transmission in pregnant women during labor and delivery at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2020;58:45.
   Google Scholar
• Ali MM, Mulate YW, Woldetsadik DA, et al. Group B streptococci carriage rate and serotype distribution among mother newborn dyads attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2020;58(02):234.
   Google Scholar
• Ali MM, Asrat D, Fenta DA, Chaka TE, Woldeamanuel Y. Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–7. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66474-z31913322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seale AC, Bianchi-Jassir F, Russell NJ, et al. Estimates of the burden of group B streptococcal disease worldwide for pregnant women, stillbirths, and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(Suppl 2):S200–19. doi:10.1093/cid/cix66429117332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha A, Russell LB, Tomczyk S, et al. Disease burden of group B Streptococcus among infants in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Infect Dis. 2016;35(9):933. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000001233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debelew GT, Afework MF, Yalew AW. Determinants and causes of neonatal mortality in Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of prospective follow up study. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107184. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.010718425232842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FHCSH. Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital annual report; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Mengist A, Kannan H, Abdissa A. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of anorectal and vaginal group B Streptococci isolates among pregnant women in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):1–5. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2158-426725043
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayes K, O’Halloran F, Cotter L. A review of antibiotic resistance in Group B Streptococcus: the story so far. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2020;46(3):253–269. doi:10.1080/1040841X.2020.175862632363979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell NJ, Seale AC, O’Sullivan C, et al. Risk of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease with maternal colonization worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(Suppl 2):S152–9. doi:10.1093/cid/cix65529117325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BDAHO. Bahir Dar Administrative Zone Health Office annual report; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Gizachew M, Tiruneh M, Moges F, Adefris M, Tigabu Z, Tessema B. Streptococcus agalactiae from Ethiopian pregnant women; prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial resistance: alarming for prophylaxis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2019;18(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12941-019-0303-330606201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filkins L, Hauser JR, Robinson-Dunn B, Tibbetts R, Boyanton BL, Revell P. American Society for Microbiology provides 2020 Guidelines for detection and identification of group B Streptococcus. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;59(1):e01230–20. doi:10.1128/JCM.01230-2033115849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pan drug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:268–281. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x21793988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali MM, Woldeamanuel Y, Woldetsadik DA, et al. Prevalence of group B Streptococcus among pregnant women and newborns at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3859-930606108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belard S, Toepfner N, Capan-Melser M, et al. Streptococcus agalactiae serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in pregnant women in Gabon, Central Africa. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):1–4. doi:10.1038/srep17281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards JM, Wynn C, Watson N, et al. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and disease among pregnant women: a historical cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(6):731. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.08.073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Doare K, Jarju S, Darboe S, et al. Risk factors for Group B Streptococcus colonisation and disease in Gambian women and their infants. Int J Infect. 2016;72(3):283–294. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2015.12.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao GG, Nartey G, McAree T, et al. Outcome of a screening programme for the prevention of neonatal invasive early-onset group B Streptococcus infection in a UK maternity unit: an observational study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(4):e014634. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014634
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alemseged G, Niguse S, Hailekiros H, Abdulkadir M, Saravanan M, Asmelash T. Isolation and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of group B Streptococcus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ayder Referral Hospital and Mekelle Health Center, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1475-325645429
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shiferawu S, Mekonen M, Baza D, Lera T. Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus, Its associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Arbaminch Hospital, South Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2019;7(6):104–115. doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20190706.12
   Google Scholar
• Joachim A, Matee M, Massawe FA, Lyamuya EF. Maternal and neonatal colonisation of group B streptococcus at Muhimbili National Hospital indar Es Salaam, Tanzania: prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:437. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-43719948075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-sunaidi MO, Damole IO, Bello CS. Prevalence of Group B streptococcus colonization in mothers and babies at Abha General Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Med J Cairo Univ. 2011;79(2):45.
   Google Scholar
• Gizachew M, Tiruneh M, Moges F, Adefris M, Tigabu Z, Tessema B. Newborn colonization and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus agalactiae at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1350-129301539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eren A, Kucukercan M, Oðuzoðlu N, Oðuzoðlu N, Unal N, Karateke A. The carriage of group B streptococci in Turkish pregnant women and its transmission rate in newborns and serotype distribution. Turk J Pediatr. 2005;47:28–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jost C, Bercot B, Jacquier H, et al. Xpert GBS assay for rapid detection of group B Streptococcus in gastric fluid samples from newborns.J Clinical Microbiol. 2014;52(2):657–659. doi:10.1128/JCM.02532-1324478506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah D, Saxena S, Randhawa VS, Nangia S, Dutta R. Prospective analysis of risk factors associated with group B streptococcal colonisation in neonates born at a tertiary care centre in India. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2014;34(3):184–188. doi:10.1179/2046905513Y.000000011224621242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saha SK, Ahmed ZB, Modak JK, et al. Group B Streptococcus among pregnant women and newborns in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: colonization, vertical transmission, and serotype distribution. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(8):2406–2412. doi:10.1128/JCM.00380-1728515218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadeta TA, Worku A, Egata G, Seyoum B, Marami D, Berhane Y. Maternal group B Streptococcus recto vaginal colonization increases the odds of stillbirth: evidence from Eastern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2044-229291732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Wu CA, Cao X, et al. Risk factors for neonatal group B Streptococcus vertical transmission: a prospective cohort study of 1815 mother–baby pairs. J Perinatol. 2018;38(10):1309–1317. doi:10.1038/s41372-018-0182-z30068969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assefa S Prevalence of Group B streptococci colonization and susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending antenatal care Clinics of Health Institutions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [Doctoral dissertation]. Addis Ababa University. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Sadaka SM, Aly HA, Meheissen MA, Orief YI, Arafa BM. Group B streptococcal carriage, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence related genes among pregnant women in Alexandria, Egypt. Alex J Med. 2018;54(1):69–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haimbodi EL, Mukesi M, Moyo SR. Prevalence and molecular characterization of group B streptococcus in pregnant women from hospitals in Ohangwena and Oshikoto regions of Namibia. BMC Microbiol. 2021;21:224. doi:10.1186/s12866-021-02283-234353281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melo SC, Santos NC, Oliveiria MD, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women. Revista Do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo;2016. 58. doi10.1590/S1678-994620165805827410918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao K, Guan X, Zeng L, et al. An increasing trend of neonatal invasive multidrug-resistant group B Streptococcus infections in southern China, 2011–2017. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2561.30573985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plainvert C, Hays C, Touak G, et al. Multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Group B streptococcus in neonatal invasive infections, France, 2007–2019. Emerging Infect Dis. 2020;26(11):2721. doi:10.3201/eid2611.201669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar