Changes in Serum Liver Function for Patients with COVID-19: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

References

• Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, et al. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26:1017–1032. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nature. 2021;594:259–264. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03553-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai Q, Huang D, Yu H, et al. COVID-19: abnormal liver function tests. J Hepatol. 2020;73:566–574. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding ZY, Li GX, Chen L, et al. Association of liver abnormalities with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2021;74:1295–1302. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol. 2020;73:807–816. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang SS, Dong L, Wang GM, et al. Progressive liver injury and increased mortality risk in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study in China. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27:835–853. doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i9.835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An YW, Song S, Li WX, et al. Liver function recovery of COVID-19 patients after discharge, a follow-up study. Int J Med Sci. 2021;18:176–186. doi:10.7150/ijms.50691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G, Du L, Cao X, et al. Follow-up study on serum cholesterol profiles and potential sequelae in recovered COVID-19 patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21:299. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05984-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health Commission of the PRC. Diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 (trial version 5); 2020. Available from: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202002/a5d6f7b8c48c451c87dba14889b30147.shtml. Accessed April 1, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Shen B, Yi X, Sun Y, et al. Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of COVID-19 patient sera. Cell. 2020;182:59–72. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piano S, Dalbeni A, Vettore E, et al. Abnormal liver function tests predict transfer to intensive care unit and death in COVID-19. Liver Int. 2020;40:2394–2406. doi:10.1111/liv.14565
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozano-Sepulveda SA, Galan-Huerta K, Martínez-Acuña N, et al. SARS-CoV-2 another kind of liver aggressor, how does it do that? Ann Hepatol. 2020;19:592–596. doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2020.08.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeckmans J, Rodrigues RM, Demuyser T, et al. COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point? Arch Toxicol. 2020;94:1367–1369. doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02734-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marjot T, Webb GJ, Barritt AS, et al. COVID-19 and liver disease: mechanistic and clinical perspectives. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18:348–364. doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00426-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Zhang ZC, Zhang PL. Severe COVID-19 patients with liver injury: a seven-case series. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24:7855–7860. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202007_22290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han H, Luo Q, Mo F, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA more readily detected in induced sputum than in throat swabs of convalescent COVID-19 patients. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:655–656. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30174-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang R, Zhang X, Gracia-Sancho J, et al. Liver regeneration: cellular origin and molecular mechanisms. Liver Int. 2022. doi:10.1111/liv.15174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan R, Zhang Y, Li Y, et al. Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science. 2020;367:1444–1448. doi:10.1126/science.abb2762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Qiu Z, Hou Y, et al. AXL is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 that promotes infection of pulmonary and bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Res. 2021;31:126–140. doi:10.1038/s41422-020-00460-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jothimani D, Venugopal R, Abedin MF, et al. COVID-19 and the liver. J Hepatol. 2020;73:1231–1240. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali FEM, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Ali MM, et al. Impact of cytokine storm and systemic inflammation on liver impairment patients infected by SARS-CoV-2: prospective therapeutic challenges. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27:1531–1552. doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman MG, Malnick S, Chertin L. Gamma glutamyl transferase - an underestimated marker for cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2020;23:65–74. doi:10.18433/jpps30923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutrin JC, Cantino D, Biasi F, et al. Reperfusion damage to the bile canaliculi in transplanted human liver. Hepatology. 1996;24:1053–1057. doi:10.1002/hep.510240512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faruqui S, Okoli FC, Olsen SK, et al. Cholangiopathy after severe COVID-19: clinical features and prognostic implications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:1414–1425. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao B, Ni C, Gao R, et al. Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids. Protein Cell. 2020;11:771–775. doi:10.1007/s13238-020-00718-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng QF, Tian R, Long H, et al. Capturing cytokines with advanced materials: a potential strategy to tackle COVID-19 cytokine storm. Adv Mater. 2021;33:e2100012. doi:10.1002/adma.202100012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Liu S, Liu J, et al. COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5:128. doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi D, Wu W, Wang Q, et al. Clinical characteristics and factors associated with long-term viral excretion in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Infection: a Single-Center 28-Day Study. J Infect Dis. 2020;222:910–918. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin A, He ZB, Zhang S, et al. Early risk factors for the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral positivity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:2061–2065. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjan LH, Furukawa K, Nagano T, et al. Early differences in cytokine production by severity of coronavirus disease 2019. J Infect Dis. 2021;223:1145–1149. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi H, Wang W, Yin J, et al. The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8 + T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11:429. doi:10.1038/s41419-020-2636-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Shang Y, Yang Y, et al. Factors associated with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing in suspected cases presenting with pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study in a single medical center. Respiration. 2020;99:739–747. doi:10.1159/000508398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mani VR, Kalabin A, Valdivieso SC, et al. New York inner city hospital COVID-19 experience and current data: retrospective analysis at the epicenter of the American coronavirus outbreak. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e20548. doi:10.2196/20548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang L, Wang L, Zhou F, et al. Long-term effects of obesity on COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9:1678–1685. doi:10.1002/iid3.522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber S, Hellmuth JC, Scherer C, et al. Liver function test abnormalities at hospital admission are associated with severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study. Gut. 2021;70:1925–1932. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Yu C, Yang Q, et al. The clinical implication of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in COVID-19. Liver Res. 2021;5:209–216. doi:10.1016/j.livres.2021.09.001
   Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Jaiswal P, Kerakhan Y, et al. Liver disease and outcomes among COVID-19 hospitalized patients - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol. 2021;21:100273. doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2020.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaibi S, Boussier J, Hajj WE, et al. Liver function test abnormalities are associated with a poorer prognosis in Covid-19 patients: results of a French cohort. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45:101556. doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2020.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar