National Early Warning Score and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality or Transfer to the Intensive Care Unit in Emergency Department Patients with Suspected Bacterial Infections

References

• Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801–810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullah SM, Sørensen RH, Nielsen FE. Prognostic accuracy of SOFA, qSOFA, and SIRS for mortality among emergency department patients with infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:2763–2775. doi:10.2147/IDR.S304952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(11):1181–1247. doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams B, Alberti G, Ball C, et al. National Early Warning Score (NEWS): Standardizing the Assessment of Acute-Illness Severity in the NHS. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2: Standardising the Assessment of Acute-Illness Severity in the NHS. Updated Report of a Working Party. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton F, Arnold D, Baird A, Albur M, Whiting P. Early warning scores do not accurately predict mortality in sepsis: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. J Infect. 2018;76(3):241–248. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2018.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhmoud B, Bonnici T, Patel R, Melley D, Williams B, Banerjee A. Performance of universal early warning scores in different patient subgroups and clinical settings: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e0458849. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045849
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao FP, Chen MY, Wang L, et al. Outcomes of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 225,841 patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;42:23–30. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre WF, Um KJ, Cheung CC, et al. Atrial fibrillation detected initially during acute medical illness: a systematic review. Eur Heart J. 2019;8(2):130–141. doi:10.1177/2048872618799748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch NA, Cohen DM, Walkey AJ. Risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2019;47:280–287. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003560
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrigo M, Ishihara S, Feliot E, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients and its association with mortality: a report from the FROG-ICU study. Int J Cardiol. 2018;266:95–99. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahreyar S, Fahhoum R, Akinsey O, Bhandari S, Dang G, Khouzam RN. Severe sepsis and cardiac arrhythmias. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6(1):6. doi:10.21037/atm.2017.12.26
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein Klouwenberg PMC, Frencken JF, Kipers S, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients with sepsis. A cohort study. Am J Respir. 2017;195(2):1–22. doi:10.1164/rccm.201603-0618OC
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss TJ, Calland JF, Enfield KB, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation in the critically ill. Crit Care Med. 2017;45:790–797. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver CM, Chen W, Janz DR, et al. Atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(10):2104–2111. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meierhenrich R, Steinhilber E, Eggermann C, et al. Incidence and prognostic impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with septic shock: a prospective observational study. Critical Care. 2010;14:R108. doi:10.1186/cc9057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuipers S, Klein Klouwenberg PMC, Cremer OL. Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with sepsis: a systematic review. Critical Care. 2014;18(6):688. doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0688-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walkey AJ, Hammill BG, Curtis LH, Benjamin EJ. Long-term outcomes following development of new-onset atrial fibrillation during sepsis. Chest. 2014;146(5):1187–1195. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walkey AJ, Wiener RS, Ghobrial JM, Curtis LH, Benjamin EJ. Incident stroke and mortality associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients hospitalized with severe sepsis. JAMA. 2011;306(20):2248–2254. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch NA, Massaro JM, Winter MR. New-onset atrial fibrillation as a sepsis-defining organ failure. AnnalsATS. 2019;16(10):1332–1334. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201902-176RL
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullah SM, Sørensen RH, Dessau R, Sattar SM, Wiese L, Nielsen FE. Prognostic accuracy of qSOFA in predicting 28-day mortality among infected patients in an emergency department: a prospective validation study. Emerg Med J. 2019;36(12):722–728. doi:10.1136/emermed-2019-208456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Schmidt SAJ, Adelborg K, et al. The Danish health care system and epidemiological research: from health care contacts to database records. Clin Epidemiol. 2019;Volume 11:563–591. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S179083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Danish Society for Patient Safety. The Danish Safer Hospital Programme. Early detection of sepsis/Patientsikkert Sygehus. Tidlig Opsporing Af Sepsis [In Danish]. Version 2013-06-10. Available from https://docplayer.dk/14119250-Tidlig-opsporing-af-sepsis-juni-2013.html. Accessed July 7, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):580–637. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–383. doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmidt M, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish Civil Registration System as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29:541–549. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9930-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Diepen M, Ramspek CL, Jager KJ, Zoccali C, Dekker FW. Prediction versus aetiology: common pitfalls and how to avoid them. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32:ii1–ii5. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfw459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janes H, Pepe MS. Adjusting for covariates in studies of diagnostic, screening, or prognostic markers: an old concept in a new setting. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168:89–97. doi:10.1093/aje/kwn099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer JE, Bachmann LM, Jaeschke R. A readers’ guide to the interpretation of diagnostic test properties: clinical example of sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:1043–1051. doi:10.1007/s00134-003-1761-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinten VM, van Meurs M, Ter Maaten JC, Ligtenberg JJ. Trends in vital signs and routine biomarkers in patients with sepsis during resuscitation in the emergency department: a prospective observational pilot study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(5):e009718. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009718
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinten VM, van Meurs M, Olgers TJ, et al. Repeated vital sign measurements in the emergency department predict patient deterioration within 72 hours: a prospective observational study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018;26:57. doi:10.1186/s13049-018-0525-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almutary A, Althunayyan S, Alenazi K, et al. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) as prognostic triage tool for septic patients. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:3843–3851. doi:10.2147/IDR.S275390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nannan Panday RS, Minderhoud TC, Alam N, Nanayakkara PWB. Prognostic value of early warning scores in the emergency department (ED) and acute medical unit (AMU): a narrative review. Eur J Intern Med. 2017;45:20–31. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.09.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovach CP, Fletcher GS, Rudd KE, Grant RM, Carlbom DJ. Comparative prognostic accuracy of sepsis scores for hospital mortality in adults with suspected infection in non-ICU and ICU at an academic public hospital. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0224780. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224780
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellhammar L, Linder A, Tverring J, et al. NEWS2 is superior to qSOFA in detecting sepsis with organ dysfunction in the emergency department. J Clin Med. 2019;8(8):1128. doi:10.3390/jcm8081128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink A, Alsma J, Verdonschot RJ, et al. Predicting mortality in patients with suspected sepsis at the Emergency Department; a retrospective cohort study comparing qSOFA, SIRS and National Early Warning Score. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0211133. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usman AO, Usman AA, Ward MA. Comparison of SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS for the early identification of sepsis in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(8):1490–1497. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.10.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulden R, Hoyle M, Monis J, et al. qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in emergency admissions treated as sepsis. Emerg Med J. 2018;35:345–349. doi:10.1136/emermed-2017-207120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and early warning scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(7):906–911. doi:10.1164/rccm.201604-0854OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inada-Kim NE, Nsutebu E. Views and reviews. NEWS 2: an opportunity to standardize the management of deterioration and sepsis. BMJ. 2018;360:k1260. doi:10.1136/bmj.k1260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi S, Litt D, Narula N. New-onset atrial fibrillation in sepsis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Neth Heart J. 2015;23:82–88. doi:10.1007/s12471-014-0641-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierrakos C, Velissaris D, Bisdorff M, Marshall JC, Vincent JL. Biomarkers of sepsis: time for a reappraisal. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):287. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-02993-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Hou JH, Li Q, Chen KJ, Wang SN, Wang JM. Biomarkers for diagnosis of sepsis in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):2091. doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3591-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spoto S, Nobile E, Carnà EPR, et al. Best diagnostic accuracy of sepsis combining. SIRS criteria or qSOFA score with Procalcitonin and Mid-Regional pro-Adrenomedullin outside ICU. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73676-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullrich E, Heidinger P, Soh J, et al. Evaluation of host-based molecular markers for the early detection of human sepsis. J Biotechnol. 2020;310:80–88. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar