Bone Mineral Density at the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia and Related Factors During the First Year of Spinal Cord Injury

References

• Comarr AE, Hutchinson RH, Bors E. Extremity fractures of patients with spinal cord injuries. Am J Surg. 1962;103(6):732–739. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(62)90256-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifre L, Vidal J, Carrasco J, et al. Incidence of skeletal fractures after traumatic spinal cord injury: a 10-year follow-up study. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(4):361–369. doi:10.1177/0269215513501905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troy KL, Morse LR. Measurement of bone: diagnosis of SCI-induced osteoporosis and fracture risk prediction. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2015;21(4):267–274. doi:10.1310/sci2104-267
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cirnigliaro CM, Myslinski MJ, La Fountaine MF, Kirshblum SC, Forrest GF, Bauman WA. Bone loss at the distal femur and proximal tibia in persons with spinal cord injury: imaging approaches, risk of fracture, and potential treatment options. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(3):747–765. doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3798-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maïmoun L, Couret I, Micallef JP, et al. Use of bone biochemical markers with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for early determination of bone loss in persons with spinal cord injury. Metabolism. 2002;51(8):958–963. doi:10.1053/meta.2002.34013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts D, Lee W, Cuneo RC, et al. Longitudinal study of bone turnover after acute spinal cord injury. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(2):415–422. doi:10.1210/jcem.83.2.4581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biering-Sørensen F, Bohr HH, Schaadt OP. Longitudinal study of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine, the forearm and the lower extremities after spinal cord injury. Eur J Clin Invest. 1990;20(3):330–335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01865.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauty M, Perrouin Verbe B, Maugars Y, Dubois C, Mathe JF. Supralesional and sublesional bone mineral density in spinal cord-injured patients. Bone. 2000;27(2):305–309. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00326-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobos S, Cooke A, Simonett G, Ho C, Boyd SK, Edwards WB. Trabecular bone score at the distal femur and proximal tibia in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Clin Densitometry. 2019;22(2):249–256. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2018.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards WB, Schnitzer TJ, Troy KL. Bone mineral and stiffness loss at the distal femur and proximal tibia in acute spinal cord injury. Osteoporosis Int. 2014;25(3):1005–1015. doi:10.1007/s00198-013-2557-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASIA and ISCoS International Standards Committee. The 2019 revision of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (ISNCSCI)-What’s new? Spinal Cord. 2019;57(10):815–817. doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0350-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frotzler A, Berger M, Knecht H, Eser P. Bone steady-state is established at reduced bone strength after spinal cord injury: a longitudinal study using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Bone. 2008;43(3):549–555. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recker R, Lappe J, Davies K, Heaney R. Characterization of perimenopausal bone loss: a prospective study. J Bone Mineral Res. 2000;15(10):1965–1973. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.10.1965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leblanc AD, Schneider VS, Evans HJ, Engelbretson DA, Krebs JM. Bone mineral loss and recovery after 17 weeks of bed rest. J Bone Mineral Res. 1990;5(8):843–850. doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650050807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vico L, Collet P, Guignandon A, et al. Effects of long-term microgravity exposure on cancellous and cortical weight-bearing bones of cosmonauts. Lancet. 2000;355(9215):1607–1611. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02217-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vestergaard P, Krogh K, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L. Fracture rates and risk factors for fractures in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1998;36(11):790–796. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse LR, Battaglino RA, Stolzmann KL, et al. Osteoporotic fractures and hospitalization risk in chronic spinal cord injury. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(3):385–392. doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0671-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haider IT, Lobos SM, Simonian N, Schnitzer TJ, Edwards WB. Bone fragility after spinal cord injury: reductions in stiffness and bone mineral at the distal femur and proximal tibia as a function of time. Osteoporosis Int. 2018;29(12):2703–2715. doi:10.1007/s00198-018-4733-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warden SJ, Bennell KL, Matthews B, Brown DJ, McMeeken JM, Wark JD. Quantitative ultrasound assessment of acute bone loss following spinal cord injury: a longitudinal pilot study. Osteoporosis Int. 2002;13(7):586–592. doi:10.1007/s001980200077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland DE, Adkins RH, Scott M, Singh H, Massih M, Stewart C. Bone loss at the os calcis compared with bone loss at the knee in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004;27(3):207–211. doi:10.1080/10790268.2004.11753749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman WA, Zhong YG, Schwartz E. Vitamin D deficiency in veterans with chronic spinal cord injury. Metabolism. 1995;44(12):1612–1616. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90083-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemunaitis GA, Mejia M, Nagy JA, Johnson T, Chae J, Roach MJ. A descriptive study on vitamin D levels in individuals with spinal cord injury in an acute inpatient rehabilitation setting. j Inj Funct Rehabil. 2010;2(3):202–208. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javidan AN, Sabour H, Latifi S, et al. Evaluation of bone mineral loss in patients with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury in Iran. J Spinal Cord Med. 2014;37(6):744–750. doi:10.1179/2045772313Y.0000000192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XiaoQiu C, Xiaowei D, Jiajing Y, Xia L, Yahan W. A survey on serum 25 (OH) D3 level of adults. Med J Chin People Armed Police Forces. 2017;28(6):582–586.
   Google Scholar
• Zleik N, Weaver F, Harmon RL, et al. Prevention and management of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in persons with a spinal cord injury or disorder: a systematic scoping review. J Spinal Cord Med. 2019;42(6):735–759. doi:10.1080/10790268.2018.1469808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman WA, Emmons RR, Cirnigliaro CM, Kirshblum SC, Spungen AM. An effective oral vitamin D replacement therapy in persons with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2011;34(5):455–460. doi:10.1179/2045772311Y.0000000032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coupaud S, McLean AN, Purcell M, Fraser MH, Allan DB. Decreases in bone mineral density at cortical and trabecular sites in the tibia and femur during the first year of spinal cord injury. Bone. 2015;74:69–75. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2015.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya K, Aybay C, Ozel S, Kutay N, Gokkaya O. Evaluation of bone mineral density in patients with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2006;29(4):396–401. doi:10.1080/10790268.2006.11753888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar