Habitual Hyperthermia: An Interpretive Paradigm of the 20th Century? Not Really

References

• Mulders-Manders CM, Pietersz G, Simon A, Bleeker-Rovers CP. Referral of patients with fever of unknown origin to an expertise center has high diagnostic and therapeutic value. QJM. 2017;110(12):793–801. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcx158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fusco FM, Pisapia R, Nardiello S, Cicala SD, Gaeta GB, Brancaccio G. Fever of unknown origin (FUO): which are the factors influencing the final diagnosis? A 2005–2015 systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(653). doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4285-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durack DT, Street AC. Fever of unknown origin: re-examined and redefined. In: Remington JS, Swartz MN, editors. Current Clinical Topics in Infectious Diseases. Boston, MA: Blackwell Science; 1991:35–51.
   Google Scholar
• de Kleijn EMHA, Knockaert DC, van der Meer JWM. Fever of unknown origin: a new definition and proposal for diagnostic work-up. Eur J Intern Med. 2000;11(1):1–3. doi:10.1016/S0953-6205(99)00073-4
   Google Scholar
• Knockaert DC, Vanderschueren S, Blockmans D. Fever of unknown origin in adults: 40 years on. J Intern Med. 2003;253(3):263–275. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01120.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderschueren S, Del Biondo E, Ruttens D, Van Boxelaer I, Wauters E, KnockaertDC. Inflammation of unknown origin versus fever of unknown origin: two of a kind. Eur J Intern Med. 2009;20(4):415–418. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2009.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersdorf RG, Beeson PB. Fever of unexplained origin: report on 100 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1961;40(1):1–30. doi:10.1097/00005792-196102000-00001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimann HA. Habitual hyperthermia: a clinical study of four cases with long continued low grade fever. Arch Intern Med (Chic). 1935;55(5):792–808. doi:10.1001/archinte.1935.00160230085006
   Google Scholar
• Kintner AR, Rowntree LG. Long continued, low grade, idiopathic fever: analysis of one hundred cases. JAMA. 1934;102(12):889–892. doi:10.1001/jama.1934.02750120001001
   Google Scholar
• Petersdorf RG, Bennett IL Jr. Factitious fever. Ann Intern Med. 1957;46(6):1039–1062. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-46-6-1039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM. A critical appraisal of 98.6 degrees F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. JAMA. 1992;268(12):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490120092034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumans LW, Vosti KL. Factitious and fraudulent fever. Am J Med. 1978;65(5):745–755. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(78)90792-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aduan RP, Fauci AS, Dale DC, Herzberg JH, Wolff SM. Factitious fever and self-induced infection: a report of 32 cases and review of the literature. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90(2):230–242. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo RA. Cascade effects of medical technology. Annu Rev Public Health. 2002;23:23–44. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.092101.134534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinse GE, Parks CG, Weinberg CR, et al. Increasing prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in the United States. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(6):1026–1035. doi:10.1002/art.41214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tozzoli R, Bizzaro N, Tonutti E, et al. Guidelines for the laboratory use of autoantibody tests in the diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117(2):316–324. doi:10.1309/Y5VF-C3DM-L8XV-U053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonutti E, Bizzaro N, Morozzi G, et al. The ANA-reflex test as a model for improving clinical appropriateness in autoimmune diagnostics. Auto Immun Highlights. 2016;7(1):9. doi:10.1007/s13317-016-0080-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maurer A. Ockham’s razor and Chatton’s anti-razor. Mediaev Stud. 1984;46:463–475. doi:10.1484/J.MS.2.306670
   Google Scholar
• Hartshorne C, Weiss P, eds. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Vol. V: Pragmatism and Pragmaticism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1935. [Book I, Lecture VI, par. 171].
   Google Scholar
• Sloan LH. Cryptogenic fever. Postgrad Med. 1951;9(2):118–122. doi:10.1080/00325481.1951.11694080
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Vugt SF, Butler CC, Hood K, et al. Predicting benign course and prolonged illness in lower respiratory tract infections: a 13 European country study. Fam Pract. 2012;29(2):131–138. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmr081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Affronti M, Mansueto P, Soresi M, et al. Low-grade fever: how to distinguish organic from non-organic forms. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(3):316–321. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02256.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderschueren S, Knockaert DC. Tackling fever and inflammation of unknown origin: the do’s and don’ts. Acta Clin Belg. 2014;69(6):412–417. doi:10.1179/2295333714Y.0000000070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson J, Salisbury C, Whiting P, Banks J, Pyne Y, Hamilton W. Added value and cascade effects of inflammatory marker tests in UK primary care: a cohort study from the clinical practice research datalink. Br J Gen Pract. 2019;69(684):e470–e478. doi:10.3399/bjgp19X704321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irving G, Holden J. The time-efficiency principle: time as the key diagnostic strategy in primary care. Fam Pract. 2013;30(4):386–389. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmt007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmoi T, Grateau B, Billhot M, et al. [Prolonged fever: specific issues in the young adult population]. Rev Med Interne. 2010;31(12):838–845. French. doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2009.10.437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenone T. Fever of unknown origin in adults: evaluation of 144 cases in a non-university hospital. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(8):632–638. doi:10.1080/00365540600606564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oka T, Kanemitsu Y, Sudo N, Hayashi H, Oka K. Psychological stress contributed to the development of low-grade fever in a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome: a case report. Bio Psycho Social Med. 2013;7(1):7. doi:10.1186/1751-0759-7-7
   Google Scholar
• Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis: international consensus criteria. J Intern Med. 2011;270(4):327–338. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein L. Clinically benign fever of unknown origin: a personal retrospective. Rev Infect Dis. 1985;7(5):692–699. doi:10.1093/clinids/7.5.692
   PubMedGoogle Scholar