References
- Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update. Hepatol Int. 2016;10(1):1–98.
- Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2016;63(1):261–283. doi:10.1002/hep.28156
- Liu LZ, Sun J, Hou J, Chan H. Improvements in the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;12(11):1153–1166. doi:10.1080/17474124.2018.1530986
- Jeng WJ, Chen YC, Chien RN, Sheen IS, Liaw YF. Incidence and predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance after cessation of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2018;68(2):425–434. doi:10.1002/hep.29640
- Fung J, Seto WK, Wong DK, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Hepatitis B surface antigen levels after hepatitis B e-antigen seroclearance: a longitudinal follow-up study. Liver Int. 2015;35(3):854–859. doi:10.1111/liv.12596
- Chang ML, Liaw YF, Hadziyannis SJ. Systematic review: cessation of long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42(3):243–257. doi:10.1111/apt.13272
- Papatheodoridis GV, Manolakopoulos S, Su TH, et al. Significance of definitions of relapse after discontinuation of oral antivirals in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2018;68(2):415–424. doi:10.1002/hep.29497
- Hadziyannis SJ, Sevastianos V, Rapti I, Vassilopoulos D, Hadziyannis E. Sustained responses and loss of HBsAg in HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B who stop long-term treatment with adefovir. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):629–636. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.039
- van Bommel F, Berg T. Stopping long-term treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues is a favourable option for selected patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int. 2018;38(Suppl 1):90–96. doi:10.1111/liv.13654
- Papatheodoridi M, Hadziyannis E, Berby F, et al. Predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen loss, relapse and retreatment after discontinuation of effective oral antiviral therapy in noncirrhotic HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat. 2020;27(2):118–126. doi:10.1111/jvh.13211
- Van Hees S, Chi H, Hansen B, et al. Sustained off-treatment viral control is associated with high hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance rates in Caucasian patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26(6):766–769. doi:10.1111/jvh.13084
- Gou Y, Zhao Y, Rao C, et al. Predictive value of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) during the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Lab. 2017;63(7):1063–1070. doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2017.161034
- Cao J, Chi H, Yu T, et al. Off-treatment hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and the prediction of relapse after discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a prospective stop study. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(4):581–589. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix025
- Chuaypen N, Posuwan N, Chittmittraprap S, et al. Predictive role of serum HBsAg and HBcrAg kinetics in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B receiving pegylated interferon-based therapy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(3):306–307. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2017.07.016
- Mak LY, Wong DK, Cheung KS, Seto WK, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Review article: hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg): an emerging marker for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47(1):43–54. doi:10.1111/apt.14376
- Fan R, Peng J, Xie Q, et al. Combining hepatitis B virus RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen: guidance for safely stopping nucleos(t)ide analogues in hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(4):611–618.
- Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Minami M, et al. Low serum level of hepatitis B indicates unlikely reactivation core-related antigen of hepatitis after cessation of lamivudine therapy. Hepatol Res. 2007;37(8):661–666.
- Hsu YC, Nguyen MH, Mo LR, et al. Combining hepatitis B core-related and surface antigens at end of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment to predict off-therapy relapse risk. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;49(1):107–115.
- Kaewdech A, Tangkijvanich P, Sripongpun P, et al. Hepatitis B surface antigen, core-related antigen and HBV RNA: predicting clinical relapse after NA therapy discontinuation. Liver Int. 2020;40(12):2961–2971. doi:10.1111/liv.14606
- Huang PY, Wang JH, Hung CH, Lu SN, Hu TH, Chen CH. The role of hepatitis B virus core-related antigen in predicting hepatitis B virus relapse after cessation of entecavir in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. J Viral Hepat. 2021. doi:10.1111/jvh.13528
- Kuo YH, Wang JH, Hung CH, Lu SN, Hu TH, Chen CH. Combining end-of-treatment HBsAg and baseline hepatitis B core-related antigen reduce HBV relapse rate after tenofovir cessation. Hepatol Int. 2021;15(2):301–309. doi:10.1007/s12072-021-10159-w
- Drafting Committee for Hepatitis Management Guidelines and the Japan Society of Hepatology. JSH guidelines for the management of hepatitis b virus infection. Hepatol Res. 2014;44(Suppl S1):1–58.
- Shinkai N, Tanaka Y, Orito E, et al. Measurement of hepatitis B virus core-related antigen as predicting factor for relapse after cessation of lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Res. 2006;36(4):272–276. doi:10.1016/j.hepres.2006.08.005
- Zhang ZQ, Wang YB, Lu W, et al. Performance of hepatitis B core-related antigen versus hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA in predicting HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis. Ann Lab Med. 2019;39(1):67–75. doi:10.3343/alm.2019.39.1.67
- Sonneveld MJ, Park JY, Kaewdech A, et al. Prediction of sustained response after nucleo(s)tide analogue cessation using HBsAg and HBcrAg levels: a multicenter study (CREATE). Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.12.005
- Chen CH, Hsu YC, Lu SN, et al. The incidence and predictors of HBV relapse after cessation of tenofovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Viral Hepat. 2018;25(5):590–597. doi:10.1111/jvh.12851
- Yao CC, Hung CH, Hu TH, et al. Incidence and predictors of HBV relapse after cessation of nucleoside analogues in HBeAg-negative patients with HBsAg</= 200 IU/mL. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1839.
- Rinker F, Zimmer CL, Honer ZSC, et al. Hepatitis B virus-specific T cell responses after stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol. 2018;69(3):584–593. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.004
- Rivino L, Le Bert N, Gill US, et al. Hepatitis B virus-specific T cells associate with viral control upon nucleos(t)ide-analogue therapy discontinuation. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(2):668–681. doi:10.1172/JCI92812
- Xia M, Liao G, Chen H, et al. Plasma CXCL13 is a predictive factor for HBsAg loss and clinical relapse after discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment. Clin Immunol. 2019;198:31–38. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2018.11.016
- Testoni B, Lebosse F, Scholtes C, et al. Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional activity in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol. 2019;70(4):615–625. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.11.030
- Chen EQ, Wang ML, Tao YC, et al. Serum HBcrAg is better than HBV RNA and HBsAg in reflecting intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26(5):586–595. doi:10.1111/jvh.13061