826
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Trial Report

Efficacy of a Nasal Spray Containing Iota-Carrageenan in the Postexposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Hospital Personnel Dedicated to Patients Care with COVID-19 Disease

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ORCID Icon, & show all
Pages 6277-6286 | Published online: 01 Oct 2021

References

  • Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al.; C4591001 Clinical Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603–2615. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
  • Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, et al.; Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled Phase 3 trial in Russia. Lancet. 2021;397(10275):671–681. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00234-8
  • World Health Organization Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines; Jan 22, 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-cOVID-19-candidate-vaccines. Accessed September 16, 2021.
  • Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet. 2021;397:99–111.
  • Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Essink B. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;384(5):403–416. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2035389
  • Zhang C, Zhou D. Adenoviral vector-based strategies against infectious disease and cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(8):2064–2074. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1165908
  • Ahmadi A, Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Abubakar S, Zandi K. Antiviral potential of algae polysaccharides isolated from marine sources: a review. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:825203. PMID: 26484353; PMCID: PMC4592888. doi:10.1155/2015/825203
  • Leibbrandt A, Meier C, König-Schuster M, et al. Iota-carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of influenza A virus infection. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e14320. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014320
  • Wang W, Zhang P, Hao C, Zhang XE, Cui ZQ, Guan HS. In vitro inhibitory effect of carrageenan oligosaccharide on influenza A H1N1 virus. Antiviral Res. 2011;92(2):237–246. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.08.010.
  • Grassauer A, Weinmuellner R, Meier C, Pretsch A, Prieschl-Grassauer E, Unger H. Iota-Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of rhinovirus infection. Virol J. 2008;5(1):107. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-5-107
  • Grassauer A, Weinmuellner R, Meier C, et al. Interference in dengue virus adsorption and uncoating by carrageenans. Virology. 2007;363(2):473–485. PMID: 17337028. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.043
  • Buck CB, Thompson CD, Roberts JN, Müller M, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of papillomavirus infection. PLoS Pathog. 2006;2(7):e69. PMID: 16839203; PMCID: PMC1500806. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020069
  • Klimyte EM, Smith SE, Oreste P, Lembo D, Dutch RE. Inhibition of human metapneumovirus binding to heparan sulfate blocks infection in human lung cells and airway tissues. J Virol. 2016;90(20):9237–9250. PMID: 27489270; PMCID: PMC5044844. doi:10.1128/JVI.01362-16
  • Hemilä H, Chalker E. Carrageenan nasal spray may double the rate of recovery from coronavirus and influenza virus infections: re-analysis of randomized trial data. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2021;9(4):e00810. PMID: 34128358; PMCID: PMC8204093. doi:10.1002/prp2.810
  • Eccles R, Meier C, Jawad M, Weinmüllner R, Grassauer A, Prieschl-Grassauer E. Efficacy and safety of an antiviral Iota-Carrageenan nasal spray: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study in volunteers with early symptoms of the common cold. Respir Res. 2010;11(1):108. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-11-108
  • Ludwig M, Enzenhofer E, Schneider S, et al. Efficacy of a carrageenan nasal spray in patients with common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Res. 2013;14(1):124. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-14-124
  • Eccles R, Winther B, Johnston SL, Robinson P, Trampisch M, Koelsch S. Efficacy and safety of iota-carrageenan nasal spray versus placebo in early treatment of the common cold in adults: the ICICC trial. Respir Res. 2015;16(1):121. doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0281-8
  • Schütz D, Conzelmann C, Fois G, et al. Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021;320(5):L750–L756. PMID: 33561380. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00552.2020
  • Song S, Peng H, Wang Q, et al. Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2. Food Funct. 2020;11(9):7415–7420. doi:10.1039/d0fo02017f
  • Morokutti-Kurz M, Graf P, Grassauer A, Prieschl-Grassauer E. SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro neutralization assay reveals inhibition of virus entry by iota-carrageenan. bioRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.224733
  • Bansal S, Colleen BJ, Taylor SL, et al. Iota-carrageenan and xylitol inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. BioRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.08.19.225854
  • Varese A, Ceballos A, Palacios C, Figueroa JM, Dugour AV. Iota-carrageenan prevents the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on an in vitro respiratory epithelium model. bioRxiv. 2021. doi:10.1101/2021.04.27.441512
  • Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(12):1177–1179. PMID: 32074444; PMCID: PMC7121626. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737
  • Graf C, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Egyed A, Koller C, Prieschl-Grassauer E, Morokutti-Kurz M. Development of a nasal spray containing xylometazoline hydrochloride and iota-carrageenan for the symptomatic relief of nasal congestion caused by rhinitis and sinusitis. Int J Gen Med. 2018;11:275–283. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S167123
  • Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, et al. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(9):577–582. PMID: 32150748; PMCID: PMC7081172. doi:10.7326/M20-0504
  • Xin H, Wong JY, Murphy C, et al. the incubation period distribution of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021:ciab501. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab501
  • Boulware DR, Pullen MF, Bangdiwala AS, et al. A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):517–525. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2016638
  • Barnabas RV, Brown ER, Bershteyn A, et al. Hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(3):344–352. doi:10.7326/M20-6519
  • Mitjà O, Corbacho-Monné M, Ubals M, et al.; BCN-PEP-CoV2 research group. A cluster-randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine for prevention of covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(5):417–427. PMID: 33289973; PMCID: PMC7722693. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021801
  • Niriella MA, Ediriweera DS, De Silva AP, et al. Hydroxychloroquine for post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 among naval personnel in Sri Lanka: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial. Trials. 2020;21(1):748. PMID: 32854751; PMCID: PMC7450681. doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04659-7
  • Griffin DO, Brennan-Rieder D, Ngo B, et al. The importance of understanding the stages of COVID-19 in treatment and trials. AIDS Rev. 2021;23(1):40–47. PMID: 33556957. doi:10.24875/AIDSRev.200001261
  • Weiner ML. Food additive carrageenan: part II: a critical review of carrageenan in vivo safety studies. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2014;44(3):244–269. PMID: 24467586. doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.861798