The Mutation and Expression Level of LRP1B are Associated with Immune Infiltration and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

References

• Zhu RX, Seto WK, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific Region. Gut Liver. 2016;10(3):332–339. doi:10.5009/gnl15257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omata M, Cheng AL, Kokudo N, et al. Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update. Hepatol Int. 2017;11(4):317–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilmi M, Neuzillet C, Calderaro J, Lafdil F, Pawlotsky J-M, Rousseau B. Angiogenesis and immune checkpoint inhibitors as therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and future research directions. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):333. doi:10.1186/s40425-019-0824-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villanueva A, Longo DL. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(15):1450–1462. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1713263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas J, Beer AG, Widschwendter P, et al. LRP1b shows restricted expression in human tissues and binds to several extracellular ligands, including fibrinogen and apoE-carrying lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis. 2011;216(2):342–347. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CX, Li Y, Obermoeller-Mccormick LM, Schwartz AL, Bu G. The putative tumor suppressor LRP1B, a novel member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, exhibits both overlapping and distinct properties with the LDL receptor-related protein. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(31):28889–28896. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102727200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Sun P, Gao C, et al. Down-regulation of LRP1B in colon cancer promoted the growth and migration of cancer cells. Exp Cell Res. 2017;357:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hz A, Lb B. Hypoxia induced microRNA-301b-3p overexpression promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by targeting LRP1B. Exp Mol Pathol. 2019;111:104301. doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beer AG, Zenzmaier C, Schreinlechner M, et al. Expression of a recombinant full-length LRP1B receptor in human non-small cell lung cancer cells confirms the postulated growth-suppressing function of this large LDL receptor family member. Oncotarget. 2016;7(42):68721–68733. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11897
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu CX, Ranganathan S, Robinson S, Strickland DK. Gamma-secretase-mediated release of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B intracellular domain suppresses anchorage-independent growth of neuroglioma cells. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(10):7504–7511. doi:10.1074/jbc.M608088200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni S, Hu J, Duan Y, et al. Down expression of LRP1B promotes cell migration via RhoA/Cdc42 pathway and actin cytoskeleton remodeling in renal cell cancer. Cancer Sci. 2013;104(7):817–825. doi:10.1111/cas.12157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Ren M, Han S, Sun L, Zhu L. Expression level and clinical significance of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B gene in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2018;11(3):1701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beroukhim R, Mermel CH, Porter D, et al. The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers. Nature. 2010;463(7283):899–905. doi:10.1038/nature08822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maru Y, Tanaka N, Ohira M, Itami M, Hippo Y, Nagase H. Identification of novel mutations in Japanese ovarian clear cell carcinoma patients using optimized targeted NGS for clinical diagnosis. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;144(2):377. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.11.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Lee J, Sim SH, et al. Comprehensive somatic genome alterations of urachal carcinoma. J Med Genet. 2017;54(8):572–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Chong W, Wu Q, Yao Y, Mao M, Wang X. Association of LRP1B mutation with tumor mutation burden and outcomes in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune check-point blockades. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgendy M, Fusco JP, Segura V, et al. Identification of mutations associated with acquired resistance to sunitinib in renal cell cancer. Int J Cancer. 2019. doi:10.1002/ijc.32256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Hu J, Jin R, et al. Effects of LRP1B regulated by HSF1 on lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2020;7:361–376. doi:10.2147/JHC.S279123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Hou W, Liang J, Zhu L, Luo C. LRP1B mutation: a novel independent prognostic factor and a predictive tumor mutation burden in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer. 2021;12(13):4039–4048. doi:10.7150/jca.53124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Shen X, Zhang B, et al. Development and validation of LRP1B mutation-associated prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep. 2021;41:9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu AX, Finn RS, Edeline J, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib (KEYNOTE-224): a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(7):940–952. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30351-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Khoueiry AB, Sangro B, Yau T, et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 040): an open-label, non-comparative, Phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10088):2492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31046-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pommier Y, Reinhold WC, Sunshine M, Varma SH, Kohn KW, Doroshow JH. CellMiner: a web-based suite of genomic and pharmacologic tools to explore transcript and drug patterns in the NCI-60 cell line set. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48(Suppl 6):82. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(12)72066-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ting LY, Tan YJ, Ein OC. Molecular targeted therapy: treating cancer with specificity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018;834:188–196. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin SK, Ren ZG, Meng ZQ, et al. LBA27A randomized multicentered Phase II study to evaluate SHR-1210 (PD-1 antibody) in subjects with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who failed or intolerable to prior systemic treatment. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(suppl_8):viii719–viii720. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy424.029
   Google Scholar
• Contratto M, Wu J. Targeted therapy or immunotherapy? Optimal treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2018;10(5):108. doi:10.4251/wjgo.v10.i5.108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbs GA, Der CJ, Rossman KL. RAS isoforms and mutations in cancer at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2016;129:1287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen DH, Zhang XS. Targeted therapy: resistance and re-sensitization. Chin J Cancer. 2015;11:496–501.
   Google Scholar
• Stratton MR, Campbell PJ, Futreal PA. The cancer genome. Nature. 2009;458(7239):719. doi:10.1038/nature07943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderaro J, Couchy G, Imbeaud S, et al. Histological subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma are related to gene mutations and molecular tumour classification. J Hepatol. 2017;67(4):727–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovhannisyan G, Harutyunyan T, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T. DNA copy number variations as markers of mutagenic impact. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(19):4723. doi:10.3390/ijms20194723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assenov Y, Brocks D, Gerhauser C. Intratumor heterogeneity in epigenetic patterns. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;51:12–21. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easwaran H, Tsai HC, Baylin SB. Cancer epigenetics: tumor heterogeneity, plasticity of stem-like states, and drug resistance. Mol Cell. 2014;54(5):716–727. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curdy N, Lanvin O, Laurent C, Fournié J, Franchini DM. Regulatory mechanisms of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors expression. Trends Cell Biol. 2019;29(10):777–790. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2019.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012;12(4):252–264. doi:10.1038/nrc3239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greten TF, Wang XW, Korangy F. Current concepts of immune based treatments for patients with HCC: from basic science to novel treatment approaches. Gut J Br Soc Gastroenterol. 2015.;64(5):842–848.
   Google Scholar
• Xu F, Jin T, Zhu Y, Dai C. Immune checkpoint therapy in liver cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018.;37(1):110.
   Google Scholar
• Lim LP, Lau NC, Garrett-Engele P, et al. Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs. Nature. 2005;433(7027):769–773. doi:10.1038/nature03315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimson A, Farh KH, Johnston WK, Garrett-Engele P, Bartel DP. MicroRNA targeting specificity in mammals: determinants beyond seed pairing. Mol Cell. 2007;27(1):91–105. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmena L, Poliseno L, Tay Y, Kats L, Pandolfi PP. A ceRNA hypothesis: the rosetta stone of a hidden RNA language? Cell. 2011;146(3):353–358. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson DW, Dinger ME. Endogenous microRNA sponges: evidence and controversy. Nat Rev Genet. 2016;17(5):272–283. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu J, Min L, Wen Z, Hu C. Competing endogenous RNA in cancer: a new pattern of gene expression regulation. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(10):17110–17116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar