Comprehensive Assessment of Fetal Bilateral Ventriculomegaly Based on Genetic Disorders, Cytomegalovirus Infection, Extra Prenatal Imaging and Pregnancy Outcomes in a Tertiary Referral Center

References

• Cardoza JD, Goldstein RB, Filly RA. Exclusion of fetal ventriculomegaly with a single measurement: the width of the lateral ventricular atrium. Radiology. 1988;169(3):711–714. doi:10.1148/radiology.169.3.3055034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomon LJ, Bernard JP, Ville Y. Reference ranges for fetal ventricular width: a non-normal approach. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;30(1):61–66. doi:10.1002/uog.4026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benacerraf BR, Birnholz JC. The diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus prior to 22 weeks. J Clin Ultrasound. 1987;15(8):531–536. doi:10.1002/jcu.1870150805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths PD, Reeves MJ, Morris JE, et al. A prospective study of fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly investigated by antenatal sonography and in utero MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(1):106–111. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu TH, Haliza G, Lin YH, et al. A retrospective study on the course and outcome of fetal ventriculomegaly. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;53(2):170–177. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2014.04.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox NS, Monteagudo A, Kuller JA, et al.; Society for Maternal-Fetal M, Electronic Address PSO. Mild fetal ventriculomegaly: diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219(1):B2–B9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaglioti P, Danelon D, Bontempo S, et al. Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: outcome in 176 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;25(4):372–377. doi:10.1002/uog.1857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannon T, Tennant PW, Rankin J, et al. Epidemiology, natural history, progression, and postnatal outcome of severe fetal ventriculomegaly. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(6):1345–1353. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182732b53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breeze AC, Alexander PM, Murdoch EM, et al. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in severe fetal ventriculomegaly. Prenat Diagn. 2007;27(2):124–129. doi:10.1002/pd.1624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths PD, Brackley K, Bradburn M, et al. Anatomical subgroup analysis of the Meridian cohort: ventriculomegaly. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50(6):736–744. doi:10.1002/uog.17475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falip C, Blanc N, Maes E, et al. Postnatal clinical and imaging follow-up of infants with prenatal isolated mild ventriculomegaly: a series of 101 cases. Pediatr Radiol. 2007;37(10):981–989. doi:10.1007/s00247-007-0582-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tugcu AU, Gulumser C, Ecevit A, et al. Prenatal evaluation and postnatal early outcomes of fetal ventriculomegaly. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2014;18(6):736–740. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel SK, Zamorano-Fernandez J, Nagaraj U, et al. Not all ventriculomegaly is created equal: diagnostic overview of fetal, neonatal and pediatric ventriculomegaly. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36(8):1681–1696. doi:10.1007/s00381-019-04384-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu T, Tian T, Zhang Z, et al. Prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis in 2466 fetuses with ultrasonographic soft markers: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(5):516 e1–516 e16. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenneson A, Cannon MJ. Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Rev Med Virol. 2007;17(4):253–276. doi:10.1002/rmv.535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alarcon A, Martinez-Biarge M, Cabañas F, et al. A prognostic neonatal neuroimaging scale for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Neonatology. 2016;110(4):277–285. doi:10.1159/000446690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis NL, King CC, Kourtis AP. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Birth Defects Res. 2017;109(5):336–346. doi:10.1002/bdra.23601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardi G, Garofoli F, Stronati M. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: treatment, sequelae and follow-up. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010;23(sup3):45–48. doi:10.3109/14767058.2010.506753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidaka N, Ishii K, Kanazawa R, et al. Perinatal characteristics of fetuses with borderline ventriculomegaly detected by routine ultrasonographic screening of low-risk populations. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(4):1030–1036. doi:10.1111/jog.12298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Den Hof MC, Wilson RD; Diagnostic Imaging Committee, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Genetics Committee, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Fetal soft markers in obstetric ultrasound. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2005;27(6):592–636.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kennelly MM, Cooley SM, Mcparland PJ. Natural history of apparently isolated severe fetal ventriculomegaly: perinatal survival and neurodevelopmental outcome. Prenat Diagn. 2009;29(12):1135–1140. doi:10.1002/pd.2378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Q, Yang Y, Peng Y, et al. Prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities and copy number variants in fetuses with ventriculomegaly. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2020;25:106–112. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.01.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gezer C, Ekin A, Ozeren M, et al. Chromosome abnormality incidence in fetuses with cerebral ventriculomegaly. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;34(5):387–391. doi:10.3109/01443615.2014.896885
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang Y, Huang D, Zhong W, et al. Fetal lateral ventricular dilatation complicated with malformation diagnosed by ultrasound and its relationship with chromosome abnormalities. Chin J Med Imaging. 2017;25:617–622.
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly JC, Platt LD, Rebarber A, et al. Association of copy number variants with specific ultrasonographically detected fetal anomalies. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(1):83–90. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Hu P, Xu Z. Copy number variations and fetal ventriculomegaly. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2018;30(2):104–110. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guterman S, Beneteau C, Redon S, et al. Prenatal findings in 1p36 deletion syndrome: new cases and a literature review. Prenat Diagn. 2019;39(10):871–882. doi:10.1002/pd.5498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toshimitsu M, Nagaoka S, Kobori S, et al. Exome-first approach in fetal akinesia reveals chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2019;2019:6753184.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang CY, Kao CC, Chang SD, et al. 1p deletion syndrome: a prenatal diagnosis characterized by an abnormal 1st trimester combined screening test, yet a normal NIPT result. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;57(1):106–109. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2017.12.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo GH, Kim JH, Cho JH, et al. Identification of 1p36 deletion syndrome in patients with facial dysmorphism and developmental delay. Korean J Pediatr. 2016;59(1):16–23. doi:10.3345/kjp.2016.59.1.16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campeau PM, Ah Mew N, Cartier L, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of monosomy 1p36: a focus on brain abnormalities and a review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A. 2008;146a(23):3062–3069. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manor J, Lalani SR. Overgrowth syndromes—evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:574857. doi:10.3389/fped.2020.574857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moirangthem A, Mandal K, Saxena D, et al. Genetic heterogeneity of disorders with overgrowth and intellectual disability: experience from a center in North India. Am J Med Genet A. 2021;185(8):2345–2355. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.62241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilu G, Hobbins JC. Sonography of fetal cerebrospinal anomalies. Prenat Diagn. 2002;22(4):321–330. doi:10.1002/pd.310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaglioti P, Oberto M, Todros T. The significance of fetal ventriculomegaly: etiology, short- and long-term outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2009;29(4):381–388. doi:10.1002/pd.2195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasquini L, Masini G, Gaini C, et al. The utility of infection screening in isolated mild ventriculomegaly: an observational retrospective study on 141 fetuses. Prenat Diagn. 2014;34(13):1295–1300. doi:10.1002/pd.4470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Fattah SA, Bhat A, Illanes S, et al. TORCH test for fetal medicine indications: only CMV is necessary in the United Kingdom. Prenat Diagn. 2005;25(11):1028–1031. doi:10.1002/pd.1242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui L, Wood G. Perinatal outcome after maternal primary cytomegalovirus infection in the first trimester: a practical update and counseling aid. Prenat Diagn. 2015;35(1):1–7. doi:10.1002/pd.4497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picone O, Vauloup-Fellous C, Cordier AG, et al. A series of 238 cytomegalovirus primary infections during pregnancy: description and outcome. Prenat Diagn. 2013;33(8):751–758. doi:10.1002/pd.4118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letouzey M, Chadie A, Brasseur-Daudruy M, et al. Severe apparently isolated fetal ventriculomegaly and neurodevelopmental outcome. Prenat Diagn. 2017;37(8):820–826. doi:10.1002/pd.5095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wax JR, Bookman L, Cartin A, et al. Mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: diagnosis, clinical associations, and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2003;58(6):407–414. doi:10.1097/01.OGX.0000070069.43569.D7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CS, Hong SH, Wang KC, et al. Fetal ventriculomegaly: prognosis in cases in which prenatal neurosurgical consultation was sought. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(4 Suppl):265–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar