The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Obese Non-Diabetic Saudi Outpatients

References

• Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:6–10. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albaker W, El-Ashker S, Baraka MA, El-Tanahi N, Ahsan M, Al-Hariri M. Adiposity and cardiometabolic risk assessment among university students in Saudi Arabia. Sci Prog. 2021;104(1):003685042199853. doi:10.1177/0036850421998532
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaskaran K, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Douglas IJ, Smeeth L. Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3·6 million adults in the UK. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(12):944–953. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30288-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefan N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB. Global pandemics interconnected — obesity, impaired metabolic health and COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(3):135–149. doi:10.1038/s41574-020-00462-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hariri MT, Elkilany AM, Alkahtani SA. Effects of potentially modifiable risk factors on the health of adults in the Eastern Province of KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018;13(1). doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.08.0026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly T, Yang W, Chen CS, Reynolds K, He J. Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Int J Obes. 2008;32(9):1431–1437. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habbab RM, Bhutta ZA. Prevalence and social determinants of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review. Clin Obes. 2020;10(6):e12400. doi:10.1111/cob.12400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuffer WA, Trujillo JM. Liraglutide: a new option for the treatment of obesity. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(10):926–934. doi:10.1002/phar.1639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deacon CF. Potential of Liraglutide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):199–211. doi:10.2147/vhrm.s4039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monami M, Dicembrini I, Marchionni N, Rotella CM, Mannucci E. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight: a meta-analysis. Exp Diabetes Res. 2012;2012:672658. doi:10.1155/2012/672658
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B, et al. Efficacy of Liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE diabetes randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(7):687–699. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadden TA, Walsh OA, Berkowitz RI, et al. Intensive behavioral therapy for obesity combined with Liraglutide 3.0 mg: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity. 2019;27(1):75–86. doi:10.1002/oby.22359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolotkin RL, Gabriel Smolarz B, Meincke HH, Fujioka K. Improvements in health-related quality of life over 3 years with Liraglutide 3.0 mg compared with placebo in participants with overweight or obesity. Clin Obes. 2018;8(1):1–10. doi:10.1111/cob.12226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilke T, Mueller S, Fuchs A, Kaltoft MS, Kipper S, Cel M. Diabetes-related effectiveness and cost of Liraglutide or insulin in German patients with type 2 diabetes: a 5-year retrospective claims analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(10):2357–2370. doi:10.1007/s13300-020-00903-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaris N. Management of obesity in Saudi Arabia during the era of COVID-19: a clash of two pandemics. Obesity. 2021;29(1):18. doi:10.1002/oby.23055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albarkah Y, Tourkmani A, Bin Rsheed A, Al Harbi T, Ebeid Y, Bushnag R. Effects of Liraglutide addition to multiple diabetes regimens on weight and risk of hypoglycemia for a cohort with type 2 diabetes followed in primary care clinics in Saudi Arabia. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019;8(6):1919–1924. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_372_19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price H, Blüher M, Prager R, Phan TM, Thorsted BL, Schultes B. Use and effectiveness of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) in a real-world population with type 2 diabetes: results from a European, multicentre, retrospective chart review study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(4):954–962. doi:10.1111/dom.13182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ashker S, Pednekar MS, Narake SS, Albaker W, Al-Hariri M. Blood pressure and cardio-metabolic risk profile in young Saudi males in a university setting. Med. 2021;57(8):755. doi:10.3390/medicina57080755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements JN, Shealy KM. Liraglutide: an injectable option for the management of obesity. Ann Pharmacother. 2015;49(8):938–944. doi:10.1177/1060028015586806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabarczyk TR, Wissman NK. Weight outcomes with empagliflozin as compared with Liraglutide in veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;49(8):938–944. doi:10.1177/1060028020915791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly AS, Auerbach P, Barrientos-Perez M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management in adolescents with obesity. Horm Res Paediatr. 2020;93(10):164. doi:10.1159/000508500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharton S, Liu A, Pakseresht A, et al. Real-world clinical effectiveness of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management in Canada. Obesity. 2019;27(6):917–924. doi:10.1002/oby.22462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefan N. Causes, consequences, and treatment of metabolically unhealthy fat distribution. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(7):616–627. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30110-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iepsen EW, Torekov SS, Holst JJ. Liraglutide for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a 2015 update. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2015;13(7):753–767. doi:10.1586/14779072.2015.1054810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ussher JR, Drucker DJ. Cardiovascular actions of incretin-based therapies. Circ Res. 2014;114(11):1788–1803. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.301958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in weight management. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):11–22. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng V, Kashyap SR. Weight considerations in pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes. J Obes. 2011;2011:984245. doi:10.1155/2011/984245
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Juhl CB, Hollingdal M, Sturis J, et al. Bedtime administration of NN2211, a long-acting GLP-1 derivative, substantially reduces fasting and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(2):424–429. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.2.424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marso SP, Poulter NR, Nissen SE, et al. Design of the Liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results (LEADER) trial. Am Heart J. 2013;166(5):823–830. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.07.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo GT, Labate AM, Giandalia A, et al. Twelve-month treatment with Liraglutide ameliorates visceral adiposity index and common cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes outpatients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2015;38(1):81–89. doi:10.1007/s40618-014-0163-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Huang K, Zheng M, Duan J. Effect of Liraglutide on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of Liraglutide randomized controlled trials. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019;19(1):4. doi:10.1186/s12902-018-0332-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumarathurai P, Sajadieh A, Anholm C, Kristiansen OP, Haugaard SB, Nielsen OW. Effects of Liraglutide on diastolic function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a randomized crossover study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):12. doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01205-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R, et al. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, Phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9662):473–481. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61246-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster GD, Sanders MH, Millman R, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea among obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1017–1019. doi:10.2337/dc08-1776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar