Follow-Up Study of the Cardiopulmonary and Psychological Outcomes of COVID-19 Survivors Six Months After Discharge in Sichuan, China

References

• Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727–733. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen E, Koopmans M, Go U, et al. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(9):e238–e244. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30484-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu WC, et al. Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19. Cell. 2020;181(5):1036–1045.e1039. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu B, Guo H. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;19:1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung GM, Hedley AJ, Ho LM, et al. The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic: an analysis of all 1755 patients. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(9):662–673. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-9-200411020-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui DS, Joynt GM, Wong KT, et al. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors. Thorax. 2005;60(5):401–409. doi:10.1136/thx.2004.030205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui DS, Wong KT, Ko FW, et al. The 1-year impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in a cohort of survivors. Chest. 2005;128(4):2247–2261. doi:10.1378/chest.128.4.2247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SS, Cheng CW, Fu CL, et al. Left ventricular performance in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 30-day echocardiographic follow-up study. Circulation. 2003;108(15):1798–1803. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000094737.21775.32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):39–42. doi:10.1002/jts.20004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandar V, Mahalaxmi I, Subramaniam M, et al. Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients - is it mandatory? Sci Total Environ. 2020;729:139021. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing Y, Mo P, Xiao Y, Zhao O, Zhang Y, Wang F. Post-discharge surveillance and positive virus detection in two medical staff recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China, January to February 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(10). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liang L, Yang B, Jiang N, et al. Three-month follow-up study of survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 after discharge. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(47):e418. doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonnweber T, Sahanic S, Pizzini A, et al. Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19 - an observational prospective multi-center trial. Eur Respir J. 2020;57:2003481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An YW, Song S, Li WX, et al. Liver function recovery of COVID-19 patients after discharge, a follow-up study. Int J Med Sci. 2021;18(1):176–186. doi:10.7150/ijms.50691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu G, Zhen Q, Wang W, et al. Health-related quality of life of COVID-19 patients after discharge: a multicenter follow-up study. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(11–12):1742–1750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HY, Jung J. Psychological consequences of survivors of COVID-19 Pneumonia 1 month after discharge. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(47):e409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet. 2021;397(10270):220–232. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281–286. doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Diagnosis and Treatment Program of New Coronary Pneumonia. 7th ed. Beijing: Department of Medical Administration, Ministry of Health (MOH) of the PRC; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Antony MM, Bieling PJ, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Swinson RP. Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychol Assess. 1998;10(2):176–181. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S, Hu S, Guan Y, et al. Measurement invariance of the depression anxiety stress scales-21 across gender in a sample of Chinese University students. Front Psychol. 2018;9:2064. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Huang B, Wu M, et al. Dynamic changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from COVID-19. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):6044. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19943-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708–1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai SP, Zhao X, Wu JH. Effects of comorbidities on the elderly patients with COVID-19: clinical characteristics of elderly patients infected with COVID-19 from Sichuan, China. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;25:18–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou R, To KK, Wong YC, et al. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs dendritic cell and T cell responses. Immunity. 2020;53(4):864–877.e865. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song JW, Zhang C, Fan X. Immunological and inflammatory profiles in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan L, Cai B, Li Y, et al. Dynamics of NK, CD8 and Tfh cell mediated the production of cytokines and antiviral antibodies in Chinese patients with moderate COVID-19. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:14270–14279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, et al. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diab/Metab Res Rev. 2020;36:e3319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ. 2020;368:m1198. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coate KC, Cha J, Shrestha S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the microvasculature and ducts of human pancreas but are not enriched in β cells. Cell Metab. 2020;32(6):1028–1040.e1024. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollstein T, Schulte DM, Schulz J, et al. Autoantibody-negative insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. Nat Metab. 2020;2(10):1021–1024.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim NY, Ha E. Acute hyperglycemic crises with coronavirus disease-19: case reports. Diab Metab J. 2020;44(2):349–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurapati R, Soos MP. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao YM, Shang YM, Song WB, et al. Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;25:100463. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100463
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu X, Dong D, Ma D. Thin-section computed tomography manifestations during convalescence and long-term follow-up of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:2793–2799. doi:10.12659/MSM.896985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo AM, et al. Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19 - interim WHO solidarity trial results. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(6):497–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(19):1787–1799. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1824–1836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Xia L, Liu L, et al. Antiviral activity and safety of darunavir/cobicistat for the treatment of COVID-19. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(7):ofaa241. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu S, Gao Q, Yang L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of disability and anxiety in a retrospective cohort of 432 survivors of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) from China. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243883. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai X, Hu X, Ekumi IO, et al. Psychological distress and its correlates among COVID-19 survivors during early convalescence across age groups. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;28(10):1030–1039. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559–565. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112954. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Di Y. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol, Health Med. 2021;26(1):13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durcan E, Hatemi I, Sonsuz A, Canbakan B, Ozdemir S, Tuncer M. The effect of direct antiviral treatment on the depression, anxiety, fatigue and quality-of-life in chronic hepatitis C patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;32(2):246–250. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanriverdi AM, Aydin B, Bebitoglu BT, Cabadak H, Goren MZ. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of methylprednisolone or metyrapone in a post-traumatic stress disorder rat model. North Clin Istanbul. 2019;6(4):327–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: the importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504–511. doi:10.1177/0020764020927051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233–240. doi:10.1177/070674370705200405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng SK, Wong CW, Tsang J, Wong KC. Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Psychol Med. 2004;34(7):1187–1195. doi:10.1017/S0033291704002272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwek SK, Chew WM, Ong KC, et al. Quality of life and psychological status in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome at 3 months postdischarge. J Psychosom Res. 2006;60(5):513–519. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian SZ, Hong WD, Lingjie M, Chenfeng L, Zhendong F, Pan JY. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe and critical patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wenzhou: a Retrospective Study. Front Med. 2020;7:552002. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.552002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giustino G, Croft LB, Stefanini GG, et al. Characterization of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(18):2043–2055. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balaban Kocas B, Cetinkal G, Ser OS, et al. The relation between left ventricular global longitudinal strain and troponin levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;37:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szekely Y, Lichter Y, Taieb P, et al. Spectrum of cardiac manifestations in COVID-19: a Systematic Echocardiographic Study. Circulation. 2020;142(4):342–353. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang L, Zhao P, Tang D, et al. Cardiac involvement in patients recovered from COVID-2019 identified using magnetic resonance imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(11):2330–2339. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wajnberg A, Amanat F. Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months. Science. 2020;370(6521):1227–1230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar