The Lactate/Albumin Ratio Predicts Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: An Observational Multicenter Study on the eICU Database

References

• Hoste EAJ, Kellum JA, Selby NM, et al. Global epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018;14(10):607–625. doi:10.1038/s41581-018-0052-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang L, Zhu Y, Luo X, et al. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in intensive care units in Beijing: the multi-center BAKIT study. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20(1):468. doi:10.1186/s12882-019-1660-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srisawat N, Sileanu FE, Murugan R, et al. Variation in risk and mortality of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a multicenter study. Am J Nephrol. 2015;41(1):81–88. doi:10.1159/000371748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta RL, Bouchard J, Soroko SB, et al. Sepsis as a cause and consequence of acute kidney injury: program to improve care in acute renal disease. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(2):241–248. doi:10.1007/s00134-010-2089-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parikh CR, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Garg AX, et al. Performance of kidney injury molecule-1 and liver fatty acid-binding protein and combined biomarkers of AKI after cardiac surgery. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8(7):1079–1088. doi:10.2215/CJN.10971012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker J, Nijsten MW, Jansen TC. Clinical use of lactate monitoring in critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2013;3(1):12. doi:10.1186/2110-5820-3-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peretz DI, Scott HM, Duff J, Dossetor JB, MacLean LD, McGregor M. The significance of lacticacidemia in the shock syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1965;119(3):1133–1141. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb47467.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weil MH, Afifi AA. Experimental and clinical studies on lactate and pyruvate as indicators of the severity of acute circulatory failure (shock). Circulation. 1970;41(6):989–1001. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.41.6.989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsen ME, Miltiades AN, Gaieski DF, et al. Serum lactate is associated with mortality in severe sepsis independent of organ failure and shock. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(5):1670–1677. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819fcf68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hariri G, Joffre J, Deryckere S, et al. Albumin infusion improves endothelial function in septic shock patients: a pilot study. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(5):669–671. doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5075-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domínguez de Villota E, Mosquera JM, Rubio JJ, et al. Association of a low serum albumin with infection and increased mortality in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 1980;7(1):19–22. doi:10.1007/BF01692917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldwasser P, Feldman J. Association of serum albumin and mortality risk. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50(6):693–703. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00015-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hemelrijck M, Harari D, Garmo H, et al. Biomarker-based score to predict mortality in persons aged 50 years and older: a new approach in the Swedish AMORIS study. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet. 2012;3(1):66–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magnussen B, Oren Gradel K, Gorm Jensen T, et al. Association between hypoalbuminaemia and mortality in patients with community-acquired bacteraemia is primarily related to acute disorders. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0160466. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gharipour A, Razavi R, Gharipour M, Mukasa D. Lactate/albumin ratio: an early prognostic marker in critically ill patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(10):2088–2095. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Chen G, Cao Y, Xue J, Li J, Wu Y. Correlation of lactate/albumin ratio level to organ failure and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. J Crit Care. 2015;30(2):271–275. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.10.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi SJ, Ha EJ, Jhang WK, Park SJ. Association between the lactate/albumin ratio and mortality in pediatric septic shock patients with underlying chronic disease: retrospective pilot study. Minerva Pediatr. 2021;73(1):67–72. doi:10.23736/S2724-5276.16.04551-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenauer M, Wernly B, Ohnewein B, et al. The lactate/albumin ratio: a valuable tool for risk stratification in septic patients admitted to ICU. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(9):9. doi:10.3390/ijms18091893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo W, Zhao L, Zhao H, et al. The value of lactate/albumin ratio for predicting the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with heart failure. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(2):118. doi:10.21037/atm-20-4519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Guo H, Chen X, Zhang Q. Association between lactate/albumin ratio and all-cause mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: a retrospective analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0255744. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard TJ, Johnson AE, Raffa JD, Celi LA, Mark RG, Badawi O. The eICU Collaborative Research Database, a freely available multi-center database for critical care research. Sci Data. 2018;5(1):1–13. doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453–1457. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eknoyan G, Lameire N, Barsoum R, et al. The burden of kidney disease: improving global outcomes. Kidney Int. 2004;66(4):1310–1314. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00894.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siew ED, Ikizler TA, Matheny ME, et al. Estimating baseline kidney function in hospitalized patients with impaired kidney function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7(5):712–719. doi:10.2215/CJN.10821011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Gines P, Wong F, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites. Gut. 2015;64(4):531–537. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao GJ, Xu C, Ying JC, et al. Association between furosemide administration and outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):75. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2798-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman JE, Kramer AA, McNair DS, Malila FM. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV: hospital mortality assessment for today’s critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(5):1297–1310. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000215112.84523.F0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma H, Bandos AI, Gur D. On the use of partial area under the ROC curve for comparison of two diagnostic tests. Biom J. 2015;57(2):304–320. doi:10.1002/bimj.201400023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron B. Logistic regression, survival analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier curve. J Am Stat Assoc. 1988;83(402):414–425. doi:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bou Chebl R, Jamali S, Sabra M, et al. Lactate/albumin ratio as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in septic patients presenting to the emergency department. Front Med. 2020;7:550182. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.550182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakir E, Turan IO. Lactate/albumin ratio is more effective than lactate or albumin alone in predicting clinical outcomes in intensive care patients with sepsis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2021;81(3):225–229. doi:10.1080/00365513.2021.1901306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagshaw SM, Uchino S, Bellomo R, et al. Septic acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: clinical characteristics and outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2(3):431–439. doi:10.2215/CJN.03681106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poston JT, Koyner JL. Sepsis associated acute kidney injury. BMJ. 2019;364:k4891. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruse O, Grunnet N, Barfod C. Blood lactate as a predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted acutely to hospital: a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2011;19(1):74. doi:10.1186/1757-7241-19-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen TC, van Bommel J, Schoonderbeek FJ, et al. Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(6):752–761. doi:10.1164/rccm.200912-1918OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones AE, Puskarich MA. Sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion. Crit Care Clin. 2009;25(4):769–79, ix. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2009.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Don BR, Kaysen G. Serum albumin: relationship to inflammation and nutrition. Semin Dial. 2004;17(6):432–437. doi:10.1111/j.0894-0959.2004.17603.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bove T, Monaco F, Covello RD, Zangrillo A. Acute renal failure and cardiac surgery. HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth. 2009;1(3):13–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Y, Bellomo R. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(11):697–711. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali T, Khan I, Simpson W, et al. Incidence and outcomes in acute kidney injury: a comprehensive population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(4):1292–1298. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006070756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash J, Rathore SS, Arora P, et al. Comparison of clinical characteristics of acute kidney injury versus acute-on-chronic renal failure: our experience in a developing country. Hong Kong J Nephrol. 2015;17(1):14–20. doi:10.1016/j.hkjn.2014.10.001
   Google Scholar
• Wu V-C, Huang T-M, Lai C-F, et al. Acute-on-chronic kidney injury at hospital discharge is associated with long-term dialysis and mortality. Kidney Int. 2011;80(11):1222–1230. doi:10.1038/ki.2011.259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Zhao C, Wei Y, Jin J. Early lactate measurement is associated with better outcomes in septic patients with an elevated serum lactate level. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):351. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2625-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar