Shikonin Inhibits Candida albicans Biofilms via the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 Signalling Pathway

References

• Wang T, Shao J, Da W, et al. Strong synergism of palmatine and fluconazole/itraconazole against planktonic and biofilm cells of candida species and efflux-associated antifungal mechanism. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2892. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulati M, Nobile CJ. Candida albicans biofilms: development, regulation, and molecular mechanisms. Microbes Infect. 2016;18:310–321. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2016.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkel JS, Mitchell AP. Genetic control of Candida albicans biofilm development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9:109–118. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobudic S, Kratzer C, Lassnigg A, Presterl E. Antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans in biofilms. Mycoses. 2012;55:199–204. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02076.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Zarrin M, Kiasat N. Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole in Candida albicans. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2014;7:e17105. doi:10.5812/jjm.17105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L, Liao K, Wang D. Effects of magnolol and honokiol on adhesion, yeast-hyphal transition, and formation of biofilm by Candida albicans. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0117695. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas S, Van Dijck P, Datta A. Environmental sensing and signal transduction pathways regulating morphopathogenic determinants of Candida albicans. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2007;71:348–376. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00009-06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan W, Wan S, Gu W, Wang H, Zhou S. Mechanisms behind the inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma cell by shikonin. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014;70:1459–1467. doi:10.1007/s12013-014-0083-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao Z, Yan Y, Dong H, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Cao Y. Endogenous nitric oxide accumulation is involved in the antifungal activity of Shikonin against Candida albicans. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2016;5:e88. doi:10.1038/emi.2016.87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao H, Zhao L, Li C, et al. Inhibitory effect of Shikonin on Candida albicans growth. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35:1956–1963. doi:10.1248/bpb.b12-00338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao Z, Zhu Z, Li L, et al. Metabonomics on Candida albicans indicate the excessive H3K56ac is involved in the antifungal activity of Shikonin. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):1243–1253. doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1657362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Y, Tan F, Miao H, Wang H, Cao Y. Effect of Shikonin Against Candida albicans Biofilms. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1085. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vita D, Friggeri L, D’Auria FD, et al. Activity of caffeic acid derivatives against Candida albicans biofilm. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2014;24:1502–1505. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao LX, Li DD, Hu DD, et al. Effect of tetrandrine against Candida albicans biofilms. PLoS One. 2013;8:e79671. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobile CJ, Andes DR, Nett JE, et al. Critical role of Bcr1-dependent adhesins in C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. PLoS Pathog. 2006;2:e63. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun LM, Cheng AX, Wu XZ, Zhang HJ, Lou HX. Synergistic mechanisms of retigeric acid B and azoles against Candida albicans. J Appl Microbiol. 2010;108:341–348. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04429.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miwa T, Takagi Y, Shinozaki M, et al. Gpr1, a putative G-protein-coupled receptor, regulates morphogenesis and hypha formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell. 2004;3:919–931. doi:10.1128/EC.3.4.919-931.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramage G, Vande Walle K, Wickes BL, Lopez-Ribot JL. Standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:2475–2479. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.9.2475-2479.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung WH, Stateva LI. The cAMP phosphodiesterase encoded by CaPDE2 is required for hyphal development in Candida albicans. Microbiology. 2003;149:2961–2976. doi:10.1099/mic.0.26517-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montelongo-Jauregui D, Saville SP, Lopez-Ribot JL. Contributions of Candida albicans Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with Streptococcus gordonii. mBio. 2019;10. doi:10.1128/mBio.01179-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds TB, Fink GR. Bakers’ yeast, a model for fungal biofilm formation. Science. 2001;291:878–881. doi:10.1126/science.291.5505.878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchodolski J, Muraszko J, Korba A, Bernat P, Krasowska A. Lipid composition and cell surface hydrophobicity of Candida albicans influence the efficacy of fluconazole-gentamicin treatment. Yeast. 2020;37:117–129. doi:10.1002/yea.3455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Garcia J, Arendrup MC, Canton R, et al. Candidemia Candida albicans clusters have higher tendency to form biofilms than singleton genotypesdagger. Med Mycol. 2020;58:887–895. doi:10.1093/mmy/myaa002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim CS, Wong WF, Rosli R, Ng KP, Seow HF, Chong PP. 2-dodecanol (decyl methyl carbinol) inhibits hyphal formation and SIR2 expression in C. albicans. J Basic Microbiol. 2009;49:579–583. doi:10.1002/jobm.200900035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Wu D, Zhao Y, et al. Sodium New Houttuyfonate Inhibits Candida albicans Biofilm Formation by Inhibiting the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 Pathway Revealed by RNA-seq. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:2075. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.02075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis-Hanna A, Piispanen AE, Stateva LI, Hogan DA. Farnesol and dodecanol effects on the Candida albicans Ras1-cAMP signalling pathway and the regulation of morphogenesis. Mol Microbiol. 2008;67:47–62. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06013.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panariello BHD, Klein MI, Pavarina AC, Duarte S. Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. J Oral Microbiol. 2017;9:1385372. doi:10.1080/20002297.2017.1385372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deveau A, Piispanen AE, Jackson AA, Hogan DA. Farnesol induces hydrogen peroxide resistance in Candida albicans yeast by inhibiting the Ras-cyclic AMP signaling pathway. Eukaryot Cell. 2010;9:569–577. doi:10.1128/EC.00321-09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Filler SG. Candida albicans Als3, a multifunctional adhesin and invasin. Eukaryot Cell. 2011;10:168–173. doi:10.1128/EC.00279-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ene IV, Bennett RJ. Hwp1 and related adhesins contribute to both mating and biofilm formation in Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell. 2009;8:1909–1913. doi:10.1128/EC.00245-09
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgain A, Pic E, Markey L, Tebbji F, Kumamoto CA, Sellam A. A novel genetic circuitry governing hypoxic metabolic flexibility, commensalism and virulence in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog. 2019;15:e1007823. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar