Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule is Associated with Reduced Risk of Readmission in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study

References

• Deane KD, Holers VM. The natural history of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther. 2019;41(7):1256–1269. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firestein GS, McInnes IB. Immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity. 2017;46(2):183–196. doi:10.1016/j.immuni
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dadoun S, Zeboulon-Ktorza N, Combescure C, et al. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis over the last fifty years: systematic review and meta-analysis. Jt Bone Spine. 2013;80(1):29–33. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Ahn GY, Lee J, et al. Excess mortality persists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021;24(3):364–372. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.14058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Videm V, Houge IS, Liff MH, Hoff M. Inflammation mediates approximately one quarter of excess relative all-cause mortality in persons with rheumatoid arthritis: the Trøndelag Health Study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):18599. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21977-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ometto F, Fedeli U, Schievano E, Botsios C, Punzi L, Corti MC. Cause-specific mortality in a large population-based cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Italy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36(4):636–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott DL, Coulton BL, Symmons DPM, Popert AJ. Long-term outcome of treating rheumatoid arthritis: results aft er 20 years. Lancet. 1987;329(8542):1108–1111. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91672-2
   Google Scholar
• Shen Q, Du Y. A comprehensive review of advanced drug delivery systems for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm. 2023;635:122698. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122698
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feng X, Chen Y. Drug delivery targets and systems for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Drug Target. 2018;26(10):845–857. doi:10.1080/1061186X.2018.1433680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang Y, Liu J, Xin L, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations are Associated with low disease-related complication rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study of 11,074 patients. BioMed Res Int. 2023;2023:1019290. doi:10.1155/2023/1019290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu XH, Chen P, Zhu L, et al. Efficacy observation of juanbi decoction adjuvant therapy for active stage rheumatoid arthritis. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med. 2021;41(7):812–816.
   Google Scholar
• Dong WZ, Liu J, Ling X, Fang YY, Wen JT. Data mining research on different formulations of tripterygium wilfordii ameliorating immune inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J IMMUNOL. 2018;34(10):894–899+905. doi:10.13431/j.cnki.immunol.j.20180138
   Google Scholar
• Huang D, Liu J, Wan L, Jiang H, Sun Y, Long Y. Study on treating “Bi” from spleen. J Rheum Arthritis. 2021;10(1):46–50.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou W, Wang Y, Huang Y, et al. Huangqin qingre qubi capsule inhibits RA pathology by binding FZD8 and further inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023;302:115886. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu JQ, Liu XC, Liu J, Zhang YY, Wang TJ, Zhou A. HPLC fingerprint of huangqin qingre chubi capsule preliminary study and determination of three components. Chin Med Biotechnol. 2022;17(1):56–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dong XT, Gan PR, Ke JT, et al. Simultaneous determination of six active components in huangqin qingre chure chubi capsule by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anhui Univ Chinese Med. 2021;40(6):97–102.
   Google Scholar
• Ge P, Zhang H, Sun XC, et al. Effect of huangqin qingre chubi capsule on serum IL-1β and IL-6 of adjuvant arthritis rats. Trad Chin Drug Res Clin Pharmacol. 2014;25(1):8–10. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9783.2014.01.003
   Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Zhang J, Meng M, et al. Experimental study of huangqin qingre chubi capsule on anti-inflammatory action of adjuvant arthritis in rats. West China Med J. 2015;30(2):178–180.
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Chang J, Zhou G, et al. The traditional Chinese medicine compound huangqin qingre chubi capsule inhibits the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis through the CUL4B/Wnt pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:750233. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.750233
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo JC, Liu J, Zhang XJ, Zhou Q, Huang D, Song Q. Effect of huangqin qingre chubi capsules containing serum on oxidative stress and protein expression of AMPK and FoxO3a in rheumatoid arthritis patients. China J Chin Mater Med. 2020;45(13):3228–3232. doi:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200427.502
   Google Scholar
• Ding BJ, Huang CB, Fu P, Chen LL. Clinical observation on 30 cases of rheumatoid arthritis with damp-heat bi-obstructing syndrome treated by Huangqin Qingre Chubi Jiaonang combined with shire bizu waixi fang. J Gansu Univ Chin Med. 2022;39(4):53–57. doi:10.16841/j.issn1003-8450.2022.04.09
   Google Scholar
• Cao YH, Liu J. Clinical efficacy of heat-clearing and diuresis-promoting prescription combined with western medicine treatment for damp-heat rheumatoid arthritis. J Anhui Univ Chinese Med. 2014;33(6):19–22.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng LL, Huang CB, Fu P, Ding BJ. Clinical observation of huangqin qingre chubi capsule combined with celecoxib in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Clin J Trad Chin Med. 2021;33(7):1375–1378. doi:10.16448/j.cjtcm.2021.0739
   Google Scholar
• Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(9):1580–1588. doi:10.1136/ard.2010.138461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Q, Wang HL, Gong X, Luo CG. The diagnosis and treatment guidelines of rheumatoid arthritis combined with disease and pattern. J Tradit Chin Med. 2018;59(20):1794–1800. doi:10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2018.20.018
   Google Scholar
• Wen JT, Liu J, Wan L, Xin L, Dong WZ, Fang YY. Outcome events of 1468 patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study. J Anhui Univ Chinese Med. 2017;36(5):13–17.
   Google Scholar
• Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet. 2002;359(9302):248–252. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07451-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika. 1983;70(1):41–55. doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan XH, Lu XF. Diagnostics. 9th ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NM, et al. Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care. BMJ. 1992;305(6846):160–164. doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6846.160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han M, Liu HX, Tang XP, et al. Expert consensus on clinical outcome scales reported by patients with rheumatoid arthritis in China. J Tradit Chin Med. 2018;59(10):897–900. doi:10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2018.10.020
   Google Scholar
• Davies AR, Ware JE. Measuring Health Perceptions in the Health Insurance Experiment. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation; 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Burckhardt SC, Jones DK. Adult measures of pain: the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain Scale (RAPS), Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), Verbal Descriptive Scale (VDS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and West Haven‐Yale Multidisciplinary Pain Inventory (WHYMPI)[J]. Arthritis Care Res. 2003;49(S5). doi:10.1002/art.11440
   Google Scholar
• Zung WWK. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965;12(1):63. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyer PF, Brown GL, Minichiello MD, Major LF. Mood-altering effects of disulfiram in alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol. 1984;45(3):209–213. doi:10.15288/jsa.1984.45.209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zheng XY. Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing: China Medical Science and Technology Press; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Ranstam J, Cook JA, Ranstam J, Cook JA. Kaplan–Meier curve. Br J Surg. 2017;104(4):442. doi:10.1002/bjs.10238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The xiantao academic. Available from: https://www.xiantaozi.com/products/apply/1150d1f4-ccad-4cec-a19d-7826235c52e5/analyse/2057dbc9-c8aa-4b3f-88c8-206cf336bb68. Accessed 27, January 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher LD, Lin DY. Time-dependent covariates in the cox proportional-hazards regression model. Annu Rev Public Health. 1999;20(1):145–157. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.20.1.145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Austin PC, Goel V, Van Walraven C. An introduction to multilevel regression models. Can J Public Health. 2001;92(2):150–154. doi:10.1007/BF03404950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han J, Pei J, Kamber M. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. 3th ed. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Huang D, Liu J, Xin L, et al. Data mining study on prescription patterns of different dosage forms of Chinese herbal medicines for treating and improving immune-inflammatory indices in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Chin J Integr Med. 2022;28(3):215–222. doi:10.1007/s11655-020-3480-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang Y, Liu J, Xin L, et al. Identifying compound effect of drugs on rheumatoid arthritis treatment based on the association rule and a random walking-based model. BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020:1–10. doi:10.1155/2020/4031015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu GJ, Wu T. Clinical implemation of forest plots in meta-analysis. Clin Implem Forest Plots Meta Anal. 2004;4(3):198–201.
   Google Scholar
• Costello R, David T, Jani M. Impact of adverse events associated with medications in the treatment and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther. 2019;41(7):1376–1396. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.04.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salliot C, van der Heijde D. Long-term safety of methotrexate monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature research. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1100–1104. doi:10.1136/ard.2008.093690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayachandran M, Koshy V, David R, et al. Adverse reaction profile of sulfasalazine and its persistence in chronic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis: a multicentric observational study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022;60(08):327–335. doi:10.5414/CP204120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Askling J, Dixon W. The safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;2(20):138–144. doi:10.1097/BOR.0b013e3282f4b392
   Google Scholar
• George MD, Baker JF, Winthrop K, et al. Risk for serious infection with low-dose glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(11):870–878. doi:10.7326/M20-1594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue CC, Zhang AL, Lin V, Myers R, Polus B, Story DF. Acupuncture, chiropractic and osteopathy use in Australia: a national population survey. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):105. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang L, Adams J. The role of traditional Chinese medicine in arthritis management: why we need public health and health services research. Front Public Health. 2020;8:597917. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.597917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Sibbritt D. Factors associated with Chinese herbal medicine use among middle-aged and older women with arthritis: evidence from China. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):12566. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16927-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YR, Liu L, Wang XY, et al. The efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Niu Bang Zi granule combined with methotrexate in treating active rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded controlled clinical trial. Medicine. 2019;98(6):14424. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000014424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing Q, Fu L, Yu Z, Zhou X. Efficacy and safety of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:1–15. doi:10.1155/2020/4348709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang J, Liu M, Huang Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of TCMs with anti-inflammatory effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1114930. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114930
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fan HX, Liu J, Huang CB, et al. Clinical effects of huangqin qingre chubi capsules combined with western medicine in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. WJTCM. 2021;16(17):2600–2604+2610.
   Google Scholar
• Huang D, Liu J, Wan L, Song Q, Guo JC, Zhou Q. Effects of huangqin qingre chubi capsule on efficacy and oxidative stress of ankylosing spondylitis. Chin J Immunol. 2019;35(12):1448–1452.
   Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Liu J, Xin L, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine is associated with reduced risk of readmission in rheumatoid arthritis patients with anemia: a retrospective cohort study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022:1–10. doi:10.1155/2022/4553985
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Liu J, Wen JT, et al. Effect of xinfeng capsule combined with huangqin qingre chubi capsule on rheumatic arthritis association rules analysis of self-perception of patient. Chin J Clin Health. 2021;24(5):639–645.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson JK, Neovius M, Ernestam S, Lindblad S, Simard JF, Askling J. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Sweden: a nationwide population-based assessment of incidence, its determinants, and treatment penetration: assessment of RA incidence in Sweden. Arthritis Care Res. 2013;65(6):870–878. doi:10.1002/acr.21900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intriago M, Maldonado G, Cárdenas J, Ríos C. Clinical characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: differences between genders. Sci World J. 2019;2019:1–6. doi:10.1155/2019/8103812c
   Google Scholar
• Guo JC, Liu J, Xin L, Huang D, Zhou Q, Song Q. Effects of furong ointment external application combined with Chinese medicine oral administration on immune inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients explored by HIS data analysis. J IMMUNOL. 2018;34(3):230–238. doi:10.13431/j.cnki.immunol.j.20180035
   Google Scholar
• Guo JC, Liu J, Xin L, Huang D, Zhou Q, Song Q. Evaluation of effect of hibiscus paste external application combined with traditional Chinese medicine on inflammatory indices of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis based on random walk model. Chin J Immunol. 2018;34(6):854–860.
   Google Scholar
• Deniz O, Cavusoglu C, Satis H, et al. Sleep quality and its associations with disease activity and quality of life in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Geriatr Med. 2023;14(2):317–324. doi:10.1007/s41999-022-00739-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh SC, Tsai PH, Kuo CF, et al. Health-related quality of life improvement by Adalimumab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan: a nationwide prospective study. J Chin Med Assoc. 2023;86(4):366–374. doi:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matcham F, Scott IC, Rayner L, et al. The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on quality-of-life assessed using the SF-36: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014;44(2):123–130. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian J, Li M, Zhang X, et al. Long-term prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: CSTAR-PAH cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(2):1800081. doi:10.1183/13993003.00081-2018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Wu X, Yuan Y, et al. Effect of solution-focused approach on anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a quasi-experimental study. Front Psychol. 2022;13:939586. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.939586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshii I, Sawada N, Chijiwa T. Associations between clinical metrics of joint deformity, disease duration, disease activity, functional capacity, quality of life, pain, and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2023;42(4):1027–1038. doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06432-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oude Voshaar MAH, Das Gupta Z, Bijlsma JWJ, et al. International consortium for health outcome measurement set of outcomes that matter to people living with inflammatory arthritis: consensus from an international working group. Arthritis Care Res. 2019;71(12):1556–1565. doi:10.1002/acr.23799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Liu J, Fang L, Zhu FB, Tan B, Zhang PH. Study on anxiety and depression of 604 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheum Arthritis. 2016;5(9):9–15.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Liu J, Huang D, et al. Feeling changes of 135 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and related analyses. J Rheum Arthritis. 2019;8(11):15–19.
   Google Scholar