Integration of PEG 400 into a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system improves drug loading capacity and nasal mucosa permeability and prolongs the survival of rats with malignant brain tumors

References

• Anjum K, Shagufta BI, Abbas SQ, et al. Current status and future therapeutic perspectives of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;92:681–689. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.12528582760
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis ME. Glioblastoma: overview of disease and treatment. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2016;20:S2–8. doi:10.1188/16.CJON.S1.2-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Chaichana KL, Kleinberg L, Ye X, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Redmond K. Glioblastoma recurrence patterns near neural stem cell regions. Radiother Oncol. 2015;116:294–300. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2015.07.03226276527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu P, He YS, Huang Q, et al. Bevacizumab treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016;4:833–838. doi:10.3892/mco.2016.81627123291
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy S, Lahiri D, Maji T, Biswas J. Recurrent Glioblastoma: where we stand. South Asian J Cancer. 2015;4:163–173. doi:10.4103/2278-330X.17595326981507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harn HJ, Lin SZ, Lin PC, et al. Local interstitial delivery of z-butylidenephthalide by polymer wafers against malignant human gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2011;13:635–648. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor02121565841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne RG, Pronk GJ, Padmanabhan V, Frey WH 2nd. Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration. Neuroscience. 2004;127:481–496. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.02915262337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross EA, Swenberg JA, Fields S, Popp JA. Comparative morphometry of the nasal cavity in rats and mice. J Anat. 1982;135:83–88.7130058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris AS, Svensson E, Wagner ZG, Lethagen S, Nilsson IM. Effect of viscosity on particle size, deposition, and clearance of nasal delivery systems containing desmopressin. J Pharm Sci. 1988;77:405–408.3411462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi M, Kumar M, Pathak K. A review on mucoadhesive polymer used in nasal drug delivery system. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011;2:215–222. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.9087622247888
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McClung HJ, Sloan HR, Powers P, et al. Early changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier produced by toxins associated with liver failure. Pediatr Res. 1990;28:227–231. doi:10.1203/00006450-199009000-000142235119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Woensel M, Wauthoz N, Rosiere R, et al. Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Pharmacological Agents to combat brain disease: a new opportunity to tackle gbm? Cancers (Basel). 2013;5:1020–1048. doi:10.3390/cancers503102024202332
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li BQ, Dong X, Fang SH, Gao JY, Yang GQ, Zhao H. Systemic toxicity and toxicokinetics of a high dose of polyethylene glycol 400 in dogs following intravenous injection. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2011;34:208–212. doi:10.3109/01480545.2010.50029221314471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin C-F, Hayton WL. Absorption of polyethylene glycol 400 administered orally to mature and senescent rats. Age. 1983;6:52–56. doi:10.1007/BF02431858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazier JL, Wang PP, Case D, et al. Local delivery of minocycline and systemic BCNU have synergistic activity in the treatment of intracranial glioma. J Neurooncol. 2003;64:203–209.14558595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Formulation strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs with special emphasis on self-emulsifying systems. ISRN Pharm. 2013;2013:848043.24459591
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang MH, Chou YW, Li MH, et al. Epigenetic targeting DNMT1 of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using interstitial control release biodegrading polymer reduced tumor growth through hedgehog pathway inhibition. Pharmacol Res. 2018;139:50–61. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.01530385365
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin YL, Chang KF, Huang XF, et al. Liposomal n-butylidenephthalide protects the drug from oxidation and enhances its antitumor effects in glioblastoma multiforme. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:6009–6020. doi:10.2147/IJN.S8579026451107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang SY, Sivakumar M, Nashiru B. Impact of osmotic pressure and gelling in the generation of highly stable single core water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) nano multiple emulsions of aspirin assisted by two-stage ultrasonic cavitational emulsification. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2013;102:653–658. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.03623107943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaukat AKK. Tackling the challenges with poorly soluble drugs. J Anal Pharm Res. 2015;1:00001.
   Google Scholar
• Ma TY, Hollander D, Krugliak P, Katz K. PEG 400, a hydrophilic molecular probe for measuring intestinal permeability. Gastroenterology. 1990;98:39–46.2293598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang WYY, Lin M, Luo T, Yao C. Electrical conductivity and stability of O/W emulsions. Acta Petrolei Sinica. 2008;24:592.
   Google Scholar
• Awad TS, Asker D, Romsted LS. Evidence of coexisting microemulsion droplets in oil-in-water emulsions revealed by 2D DOSY (1)H NMR. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2018;514:83–92. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.02429245075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal R. Effect of droplet size on the rheology of emulsions. AIChE Journal. 1996;42:3181–3190. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1547-5905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang M, Han X, Guo W, et al. Star-shape paclitaxel prodrug self-assembled nanomedicine: combining high drug loading and enhanced cytotoxicity. RSC Adv. 2016;6:109076–109082. doi:10.1039/C6RA23169A
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Haque MW, Singh SK, Ahmed FJ. Optimized permeation enhancer for topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil-loaded elastic liposome using design expert: part II. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:1242–1253. doi:10.3109/10717544.2015.112447326697777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharjee S. DLS and zeta potential - What they are and what they are not? J Control Release. 2016;235:337–351. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.01727297779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laughlin RG. HLB, from a thermodynamic perspective. J Soc Cosmet Chem. 1981;32:371–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar