Transdermal delivery of combined hormonal contraception: a review of the current literature

References

• PottsROLoboRATransdermal drug delivery: clinical considerations for the obstetrician-gynecologistObstet Gynecol20051055 pt 195396115863530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BodnerKBodner-AdlerBGrünbergerWEvaluation of the contraceptive efficacy, compliance, and satisfaction with the transdermal contraceptive patch system Evra: a comparison between adolescent and adult usersArch Gynecol Obstet2011283352553020111970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArcherDFBigriggASmallwoodGHAssessment of compliance with a weekly contraceptive patch (Ortho Evra/Evra) among North American womenFertil Steril2002772 supplS27S3111849633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbramsLSSkeeDNatarajanJWongFAPharmacokinetic overview of Ortho Evra/EvraFertil Steril2002772 suppl 2S3S12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DittrichRParkerLRosenJBTransdermal contraception: evaluation of three transdermal norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol doses in a randomized, multicenter, dose-response studyAm J Obstet Gynecol20021861152011810078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van del HeuvelMWvan BragtAJAlnabawyALKapteinMCComparison of ethinylestradiol pharmacokinetics in three hormonal contraceptive formulations: the vaginal ring, the transdermal patch and an oral contraceptiveContraception200572316817416102549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortho Evra^® (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol transdermal system) [package insert]Titusville, NJJanssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2012
   Google Scholar
• SmallwoodGHMeadorMLLenihanJPJrEfficacy and safety of a transdermal contraceptive systemObstet Gynecol2001985 pt 179980511704172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZiemanMGuillebaudJWeisbergEShangoldGAFisherACCreasyGWContraceptive efficacy and cycle control with the Ortho Evra/Evra transdermal system: the analysis of pooled dataFertil Steril2002772 suppl 2S13S18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JickSSHabgergKWKayeJAJickHThe risk of unintended pregnancies in users of the contraceptive patch compared to users of oral contraceptives in the UK General Practice Research DatabaseContraception2008802142151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArcherDFCullinsVCreasyGWFisherACThe impact of improved compliance with a weekly contraceptive transdermal system (Ortho Evra) on contraceptive efficacyContraception200469318919514969665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNicholasCZhaoQSecuraGAllsworthJEMaddenTPeipertJFContraceptive failures in overweight and obese combined hormonal contraceptive usersObstet Gynecol2013121358559223635622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JickSSKayeJARussmanSJickHRisk of nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using a contraceptive transdermal patch and oral contraceptives containing norgestimate and 35 µg of ethinyl estradiolContraception200673322322816472560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JickSSHagbergKWHernandezRKKayeJAPostmarketing study of Ortho Evra and levonorgestrel oral contraceptives containing hormonal contraceptives with 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol in relation to nonfatal venous thromboembolismContraception2010811162120004268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColeJANormanHDohertyMWalkerAMVenous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke among transdermal contraceptive system usersObstet Gynecol20071092 pt 133934617267834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoreDDNormanHLoughlinJSeegerJDExtended case-control study results on thromboembolic outcomes among transdermal contraceptive usersContraception201081540841320399947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DanielsKDaughertyJJonesJMosherWCurrent contraceptive use and variation by selected characteristics among women aged 15–44: United States, 2011–2013Natl Health Stat Report201586114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RaineTREpsteinLBHarperCCBrownBABoyerCBAttitudes toward the vaginal ring and transdermal patch among adolescents and young womenJ Adolesc Health200945326226719699422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SibaiBMOdlindVMeadorMLShangoldGAFisherACCreasyGWA comparative and pooled analysis of the safety and tolerability of the contraceptive patch (Ortho Evra/Evra)Fertil Steril2002772 suppl 2S19S26
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZacurHAHedonBMansourDShangoldGAFisherACCreasyGWIntegrated summary of Ortho Evra/Evra contraceptive patch adhesion in varied climates and conditionsFertil Steril2002772 suppl 2S32S3511849634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeipertJFZhaoQAllsworthJEContinuation and satisfaction of reversible contraceptionObstet Gynecol2011119511051113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarelZRiggsSVazRAdolescents’ experience with the combined estrogen and progestin transdermal contraceptive method Ortho EvraJ Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol2005182859015897103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SucatoGSLandSRMurrayPJAdolescents’ experiences using the contraceptive patch versus pillsJ Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol201124419720321454110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RaineTRFoster-RosalesAUpadhyayUDOne-year contraceptive continuation and pregnancy in adolescent girls and women initiating hormonal contraceptivesObstet Gynecol20111172 pt 136337121252751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaslyanskayaSCoupeySMChhabraRKhanUIPredictors of early discontinuation of effective contraception by teens at high risk of pregnancyJ Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol201629326927526526036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Electronic Medicines Compendium; DataPharm Ltd. Janssen-Cilag LtdEvra transdermal patch: Pharmacodynamic properties Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/12124#PHARMACODYNAMIC_PROPSAccessed April 3, 2017
   Google Scholar
• CrosignaniPGNappiCRonsiniSSatisfaction and compliance in hormonal contraception: the result of a multicenter clinical study on women’s experience with the ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin contraceptive patch in ItalyBMC Womens Health200991819566925
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JakimiukAJCrosignaniPGChernevTHigh levels of women’s satisfaction and compliance with transdermal contraception: results from a European multinational, 6-month studyGynecol Endocrinol2011271084985621142776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ØjvindLNielsenLHSkovlundCWLøkkegaardEVenous thrombosis in users of non-oral hormonal contraception: follow-up study, Denmark 2001–2010BMJ2012344e299022577198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WaellnitzKDuijkersIKlippingCA two-centre, open label, randomised study of ovulation inhibition with three transdermal contraceptive patches, each containing different amounts of ethinyl estradiol and gestodene in healthy, young womenJ Obstet Gynaecol201636110611326421957
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HofmannBReineckeISchuettBMerzMZurthCPharmacokinetic overview of ethinyl estradiol dose and bioavailability using two transdermal contraceptive systems and a standard combined oral contraceptiveInt J Clin Pharmacol Ther201452121059107025295716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WiegratzIBassolSWeisbergEMellingerUMerzMEffect of a low-dose contraceptive patch on efficacy, bleeding pattern, and safety: a 1-year, multicenter, open-label uncontrolled studyReprod Sci201421121518152524784719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GruberDSkřivánekASerraniMLaniusVMerzMA comparison of bleeding patterns and cycle control using two transdermal contraceptive systems: a multicenter, open-label, randomized studyContraception201591210511225453582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MerzMKrollRLynenRBangerterKBleeding pattern and cycle control of a low-dose transdermal contraceptive patch compared with a combined oral contraceptive: a randomized studyContraception201591211312025453585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KaunitzAMPortmanDWesthoffCLLow-dose levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol patch and pill: a randomized control trialObstet Gynecol20141232 pt 129530324402597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KaunitzAMPortmanDWesthoffCLArcherDFMishellDRJrFoeghMSelf-reported and verified compliance in a phase 3 clinical trial of a novel low-dose contraceptive patch and pillContraception201591320421025582984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KaunitzAMArcherDFMishellDRJrFoeghMSafety and tolerability of a new low-dose contraceptive patch in obese and nonobese womenAm J Obstet Gynecol20152123318.e1318.e825220709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArcherDFStanczykFZRubinAFoeghMPharmacokinetics and adhesion of the Agile transdermal contraceptive patch (AG200-15) during daily exposure to external conditions of heat, humidity and exerciseContraception201387221221923158806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KaunitzAMPortmanDWesthoffCLMishellDRJrArcherDFFoeghMNew contraceptive patch wearability assessed by investigators and participants in a randomized phase 3 studyContraception201591321121625586864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrussellJContraceptive failure in the United StatesContraception201183539740421477680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar