Frontal fibrosing alopecia: efficacy of treatment modalities

References

• Kossard S. Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia: scarring alopecia in a pattern distribution. Arch Dermatol.  1994;130(6):770–774. doi:10.1001/archderm.1994.01690060100013
   Google Scholar
• Vañó-Galván S, Molina-Ruiz AM, Serrano-Falcón C, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: A multicenter review of 355 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(4):670–678. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.12.00324508293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew A-L, Bashir SJ, Wain EM, Fenton DA, Stefanato CM. Expanding the spectrum of frontal fibrosing alopecia: A unifying concept. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(4):653–660. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2009.09.02020846567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladizinski B, Bazakas A, Selim MA, Olsen EA. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: A retrospective review of 19 patients seen at Duke University. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68(5):749–755. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2012.09.04323375454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossard S, Shiell RC. Frontal fibrosing alopecia developing after hair transplantation for androgenetic alopecia. Int J Dermatol. 2005;44(4):321–323. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02251.x15811087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nusbaum BP, Nusbaum AG. Frontal fibrosing alopecia in a man: results of follicular unit test grafting. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(6):959–962. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01580.x20482728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulkner CF, Wilson NJ, Jones SK. Frontal fibrosing alopecia associated with cutaneous lichen planus in a premenopausal woman. Australas J Dermatol. 2002;43(1):65–67. doi:10.1046/j.1440-0960.2002.00558.x11869213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moreno-Ramírez D, Martínez FC. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: A survey in 16 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19(6):700–705. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01291.x16268874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan KT, Messenger AG. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: clinical presentations and prognosis. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(1):75–79. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08861.x18811690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banka N, Mubki T, Bunagan MJK, McElwee K, Shapiro J. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective clinical review of 62 patients with treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(11):1324–1330. doi:10.1111/ijd.1247924738979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald A, Clark C, Holmes S. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a review of 60 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67(5):955–961. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.12.03822503342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samrao A, Chew A-L, Price V. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a clinical review of 36 patients. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163(6):1296–1300. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09965.x20698851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miteva M, Whiting D, Harries M, Bernardes A, Tosti A. Frontal fibrosing alopecia in black patients. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(1):208–210. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10809.x22229387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dlova NC, Jordaan HF, Skenjane A, Khoza N, Tosti A. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a clinical review of 20 black patients from South Africa. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(4):939–941. doi:10.1111/bjd.1242423647261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inui S, Nakajima T, Shono F, Itami S. Dermoscopic findings in frontal fibrosing alopecia: report of four cases. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(8):796–799. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03681.x18717858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross EK, Tan E, Shapiro J. Update on primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(1):1–37. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2004.06.01515965418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosti A, Miteva M, Torres F. Lonely Hair. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(10):1240. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2011.26122006155
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tosti A. Dermoscopy of the Hair and Nails. 2nd Edition. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Errichetti E, Stinco G. Dermoscopy in general dermatology: a practical overview. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2016;6(4):471–507. doi:10.1007/s13555-016-0141-627613297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rácz E, Gho C, Moorman PW, Noordhoek Hegt V, Neumann HAM. Treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(12):1461–1470. doi:10.1111/jdv.1213923531029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cranwell WC, Sinclair R. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: regrowth following cessation of sunscreen on the forehead. Australas J Dermatol. 2018;1:1–2. doi:10.1111/ajd.12833
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harries MJ, Jimenez F, Izeta A, et al. Lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia as model epithelial stem cell diseases. Trends Mol Med. 2018;24(5):435–448. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.03.00729661566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rallis E, Gregoriou S, Christofidou E, Rigopoulos D. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: to treat or not to treat? J Cutan Med Surg. 2010;14(4):161–166. doi:10.2310/7750.2010.0904120642984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qaseem A, Snow V, Owens DK, Shekelle P. The development of clinical practice guidelines and guidance statements of the American college of physicians: summary of methods. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(3):194. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-0001020679562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murad A, Bergfeld W. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor treatment for frontal fibrosing alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(8):1385–1390. doi:10.1111/jdv.14930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamana K, Labrie F, Luu-The V. Human type 3 5α-reductase is expressed in peripheral tissues at higher levels than types 1 and 2 and its activity is potently inhibited by finasteride and dutasteride. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2010;2(3):293–299. doi:10.1515/HMBCI.2010.035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bayne EK, Flanagan J, Einstein M, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of types 1 and 2 5α-reductase in human scalp. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141(3):481–491. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03042.x10583052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Arrones OM, Saceda-Corralo D, Fonda-Pascual P, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: clinical and prognostic classification. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(10):1739–1745. doi:10.1111/jdv.1428728426907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgala S, Katoulis AC, Befon A, Danopoulou I, Georgala C. Treatment of postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia with oral dutasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61(1):157–158. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.12.02619539860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan JC. Finasteride-mediated hair regrowth and reversal of atrophy in a patient with frontal fibrosing alopecia. JAAD Case Rep. 2015;1(6):353. doi:10.1016/J.JDCR.2015.08.00327051778
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cranwell WC, Sinclair R. Familial frontal fibrosing alopecia treated with dutasteride, minoxidil and artificial hair transplantation. Australas J Dermatol. 2017;58(3):e94–e96. doi:10.1111/ajd.1249927273740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoulis A, Georgala S, Bozi E, Papadavid E, Kalogeromitros D, Stavrianeas N. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: treatment with oral dutasteride and topical pimecrolimus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23(5):580–582. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02963.x19415810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakowska A, Gradzinska A, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. Efficacy of isotretinoin and acitretin in treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia: retrospective analysis of 54 cases. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(10):988–992.29036252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Pérez M, Churruca-Grijelmo M. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: an update on epidemiology and treatment. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106(9):757–758. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2014.12.00225701899
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donovan JC, Samrao A, Ruben BS, Price VH. Eyebrow regrowth in patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163(5):1142–1144. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09994.x20716217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava S, Patil AN, Prakash C, Kumari H. Comparison of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, and their combination for the treatment of keloids. Adv Wound Care. 2017;6(11):393–400. doi:10.1089/wound.2017.0741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contin LA, Martins Da Costa Marques ER, Noriega L. Frontal fibrosing alopecia coexisting with lupus erythematosus: poor response to hydroxychloroquine. Skin Appendage Disord. 2017;2(3–4):162–165. doi:10.1159/00045292528232926
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Bari MAA. Chloroquine analogues in drug discovery: new directions of uses, mechanisms of actions and toxic manifestations from malaria to multifarious diseases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(6):1608–1621. doi:10.1093/jac/dkv01825693996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strazzulla LC, Avila L, Li X, Lo Sicco K, Shapiro J. Prognosis, treatment, and disease outcomes in frontal fibrosing alopecia: A retrospective review of 92 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(1):203–205. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.07.03529241787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heppt MV, Letulé V, Laniauskaite I, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective analysis of 72 patients from a German academic center. Facial Plast Surg. 2018;34(1):88–94. doi:10.1055/s-0037-161528129278862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolkachjov SN, Chaudhry HM, Camilleri MJ, Torgerson RR. Frontal fibrosing alopecia among men: A clinicopathologic study of 7 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(4):683–690.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.04528716436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alegre-Sánchez A, Saceda-Corralo D, Bernárdez C, Molina-Ruiz AM, Arias-Santiago S, Vañó-Galván S. Frontal fibrosing alopecia in male patients: a report of 12 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(2):e112–e114. doi:10.1111/jdv.1385527505452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Beek MJ, Piette WW. Antimalarials. Dermatol Clin. 2001;19(1):147–60, ix. doi:10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70236-911155579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fertig R, Aleid NM, Antonella T. Therapeutic options in frontal fibrosing alopecia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs. 2016;4(5):461–468. doi:10.1517/21678707.2016.1173539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y-CS, Jee S-H, Chan J-YL. Hair transplantation for the treatment of lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia: A report of two cases. Australas J Dermatol. 2018;59(2):e118–e122. doi:10.1111/ajd.1268228736812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurfinkiel A, Garcia-Igarza H. Hair transplantation in a patient with frontal fibrosing alopecia associated with lichen scleroatrophicus vulvae. Dermatologia Argentina. 2011;17:110–115.
   Google Scholar
• Wollenberg A, Bieber T. Proactive therapy of atopic dermatitis–an emerging concept. Allergy. 2009;64(2):276–278. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01803.x19076538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong E, Kurian A. Off-label uses of topical calcineurin inhibitors. Skin Therapy Lett. 2016;21(1):8–10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27224898. Accessed, 2018.27224898
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spano F, Donovan JC. Efficacy of oral retinoids in treatment-resistant lichen planopilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(5):1016–1018. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.06.01325437967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farah RS, Ferguson NN, Swick BL. Lichen planopilaris. Cutis. 2013;92:1. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00206.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan E, Martinka M, Ball N, Shapiro J. Primary cicatricial alopecias: clinicopathology of 112 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(1):25–32. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.04.00114699361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer LA, Hawryluk EB, English JC. Lichen planopilaris: retrospective study and stepwise therapeutic approach. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(3):333–334. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2008.59019289775
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Assouly P, Reygagne P. Lichen planopilaris: update on diagnosis and treatment. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2009;28(1):3–10. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2008.12.00619341936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckenbach L, Baron JM, Merk HF, Löffler H, Amann PM. Retinoid treatment of skin diseases. Eur J Dermatol. 2015;25(5):384–391. doi:10.1684/ejd.2015.254426069148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyakhovitsky A. Frontal fibrosing alopecia update. World J Dermatol. 2015;4(1):33. doi:10.5314/wjd.v4.i1.33
   Google Scholar
• Pirmez R, Duque-Estrada B, Barreto T, Quintella DC, Cuzzi T. Successful treatment of facial papules in frontal fibrosing alopecia with oral isotretinoin. Skin Appendage Disord. 2017;3(2):111–113. doi:10.1159/00046433428560221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brelsford M, Beute TC. Preventing and managing the side effects of isotretinoin. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2008;27(3):197–206. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2008.07.00218786498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLane J. Analysis of common side effects of isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45(5):S188–S94. doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.11371911606952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesinkovska NA, Tellez A, Dawes D, Piliang M, Bergfeld W. The use of oral pioglitazone in the treatment of lichen planopilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(2):355–356. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.03625592345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imanishi H, Ansell DM, Chéret J, et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal stem cell transition in a human organ: lessons from lichen planopilaris. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138(3):511–519. doi:10.1016/J.JID.2017.09.04729106928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karnik P, Tekeste Z, McCormick TS, et al. Hair follicle stem cell-specific PPARγ deletion causes scarring alopecia. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(5):1243–1257. doi:10.1038/JID.2008.36919052558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirmirani P, Karnik P. Lichen planopilaris treated with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(12):1363–1366. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.28320026843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baibergenova A, Walsh S. Use of pioglitazone in patients with lichen planopilaris. J Cutan Med Surg. 2012;16(2):97–100. doi:10.2310/7750.2011.1100822513061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spring P, Spanou Z, de Viragh PA. Lichen planopilaris treated by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone: lack of lasting improvement or cure in the majority of patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(5):830–832. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.04.06624124823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fertig R, Tosti A. Frontal fibrosing alopecia treatment options. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2016;5(4):314–315. doi:10.5582/irdr.2016.0106527904832
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rok J, Buszman E, Delijewski M, Otręba M, Beberok A, Wrześniok D. Effect of tetracycline and UV radiation on melanization and antioxidant status of melanocytes. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2015;148:168–173. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.00925935746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodersen DE, Clemons WM, Carter AP, Morgan-Warren RJ, Wimberly BT, Ramakrishnan V. The structural basis for the action of the antibiotics tetracycline, pactamycin, and hygromycin B on the 30S ribosomal subunit. Cell. 2000;103(7):1143–1154. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00216-611163189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herskovitz I, Tosti A. Female pattern hair loss. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;11(4):e9860. doi:10.5812/ijem.986024719635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blumeyer A, Tosti A, Messenger A, et al. Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2011;9(Suppl 6):S1–S57. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0379.2011.07802.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naz E, Vidaurrazaga C, Hernandez-Cano N, et al. Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28(1):25–27. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01131.x12558623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossard S, Lee M-S, Wilkinson B. Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia: A frontal variant of lichen planopilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;36(1):59–66. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70326-88996262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Iorizzo M, Misciali C. Frontal fibrosing alopecia in postmenopausal women. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52(1):55–60. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.05.01415627081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehraban S, Feily A. 308nm excimer laser in dermatology. J lasers Med Sci. 2014;5(1):8–12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606333. Accessed, 2018.25606333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Navarini A, Kolios A, Prinz-Vavricka B. Low-dose excimer 308-nm laser for treatment of lichen planopilaris. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(11):1325–1326. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2011.33522106124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vavricka BP, Haug S, Eliades I, Trueb R. 308-nm excimer laser treatment of lichen planopilaris of the scalp. Dermatology. 2006;213:74.
   Google Scholar
• Cevasco NC, Bergfeld WF, Remzi BK, de Knott HR. A case-series of 29 patients with lichen planopilaris: the Cleveland clinic foundation experience on evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57(1):47–53. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.01.01117467854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez F, Poblet E. Is hair transplantation indicated in frontal fibrosing alopecia? The results of test grafting in three patients. Dermatol Surg. 2013;39(7):1115–1118. doi:10.1111/dsu.1223223631596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar