Pregnancy in women with thalassemia: challenges and solutions

References

• WeatherallDJThe inherited diseases of hemoglobin are an emerging global health burdenBlood20101154331433620233970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CraigJERochetteJFisherCADissecting the loci controlling fetal haemoglobin production on chromosomes 11p and 6q by the regressive approachNat Genet19961258648528252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BauerDEOrkinSHUpdate on fetal hemoglobin gene regulation in hemoglobinopathiesCurr Opin Pediatr2011231821157349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OldJMScreening and genetic diagnosis of haemoglobin disordersBlood Rev200317435312490210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CohenARGalanelloRPennellDJCunninghamMJVichinskyEThalassemiaHematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program20042004143415561674
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HarteveldCLHiggsDRα-ThalassaemiaOrphanet J Rare Dis201051320507641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VichinskyEComplexity of alpha thalassemia: growing health problem with new approaches to screening, diagnosis, and therapyAnn N Y Acad Sci2010120218018720712791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChuiDHFucharoenSChanVHemoglobin H disease: not necessarily a benign disorderBlood200310179180012393486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HiggsDRWeatherallDJThe alpha thalassaemiasCell Mol Life Sci2009661154116219020805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaoAGalanelloRBeta-thalassemiaGenet Med201012617620098328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DanjouFAnniFGalanelloRBeta-thalassemia: from genotype to phenotypeHaematologica2011961573157522058279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CamaschellaCCappelliniMDThalassemia intermediaHaematologica19958058687758995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RundDRachmilewitzEBeta-thalassemiaN Engl J Med20053531135114616162884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgna-PignattiCRugolottoSDe StefanoPSurvival and complications in patients with thalassemia major treated with transfusion and deferoxamineHaematologica2004891187119315477202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NassarAHUstaIMRechdanJBKoussaSInatiATaherATPregnancy in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia: outcome of mothers and newbornsAm J Hematol20068149950216755576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ToumbaMKanarisCSimamonianKSkordisNOutcome and management of pregnancy in women with thalassaemia in CyprusEast Mediterr Health J20081462863518720627
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TuckSMFertility and pregnancy in thalassemia majorAnn N Y Acad Sci2005105430030716339678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AessoposAKarabatsosFFarmakisDPregnancy in patients with well-treated β-thalassemia: outcome for mothers and newborn infantsAm J Obstet Gynecol19991803603659988801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DaskalakisGJPapageorgiouISAntsaklisAJMichalasSKPregnancy and homozygous beta thalassaemia majorBr J Obstet Gynaecol1998105102810329763058
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KumarRMRizkDEKhurannaABeta-thalassemia major and successful pregnancyJ Reprod Med199774127131
   Google Scholar
• TampakoudisPTsatalasCMamopoulosMTransfusion-dependent homozygous β-thalassaemia major: successful pregnancy in five casesEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol1997741271319306104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OrigaRPigaAQuartaGPregnancy and β-thalassemia: an Italian multicenter experienceHaematologica20109537638119903676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AvilaWSRossiEGRamiresJAPregnancy in patients with heart disease: experience with 1,000 casesClin Cardiol20032613514212685620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VoskaridouEBalassopoulouABoutouEPregnancy in β-thalassemia intermedia: 20-year experience of a Greek thalassemia centerEur J Haematol20149349249924889414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De SanctisVSolimanATElsedfyHGrowth and endocrine disorders in thalassemia: the international network on endocrine complications in thalassemia (I-CET) position statement and guidelinesIndian J Endocrinol Metab20131781823776848
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De SanctisVGrowth and puberty in thalassaemiaHorm Res200258727912373018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoussouPTsagarakisNJKountourasDLivadasSDiamanti-KandarakisEβ-Thalassemia major and female fertility: the role of iron and iron-induced oxidative stressAnemia2013201361720424396593
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AgarwalAAllamaneniSRole of free radicals in female reproductive diseases and assisted reproductionReprod Biomed Online2004933834715353087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-GuboryKHGarrelCFaurePSuginoNRoles of antioxidant enzymes in corpus luteum rescue from reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stressReprod Biomed Online20122555156023063822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MahachoklertwattanaPYimsumruayTPoomthavornPChuansumritAKhlairitPAcute effects of blood transfusion on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in children with thalassemiaHorm Res Paediatr20117524024521051865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolimanAYasinMEl-AwwaAOsmanMDe SanctisVAcute effects of blood transfusion on pituitary gonadal axis and sperm parameters in adolescents and young men with thalassemia major: a pilot studyFertil Steril20129863864322749224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De SanctisVElsedfyHSolimanATAcquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (AHH) in thalassaemia major patients: an underdiagnosed condition?Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis20168e201600126740862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SkordisNGourniMKanarisCThe impact of iron overload and genotype on gonadal function in women with thalassaemia majorPediatr Endocrinol Rev2004229229516462714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ChernJPLinKHTsaiWYHypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hematologic phenotype in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemiaJ Pediatr Hematol Oncol20032588088414608198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KiessWReichAMeyerKA role for leptin in sexual maturation and puberty?Horm Res199951556310592445
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PerroneLPerrottaSRaimondoPInappropriate leptin secretion in thalassaemia: a potential cofactor of pubertal timing derangementJ Pediatr Endocrinol Metab20031687788112948300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De SanctisVD’AscolaGWonkeBThe development of diabetes mellitus and chronic liver disease in long term chelated β thalassaemic patientsPostgrad Med J1986628318363543913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HumpelerESkrabalFBartschGInfluence of exposure to moderate altitude on the plasma concentration of cortisol, aldosterone, renin, testosterone, and gonadotropinsEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol1980451671766780338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SingerSTVichinskyEPGildengorinGvan DisseldorpJRosenMCedarsMIReproductive capacity in iron overloaded women with thalassemia majorBlood20111182878288121757620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SkordisNPetrikkosLToumbaMUpdate on fertility in thalassaemia majorPediatr Endocrinol Rev2004229630216462715
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeechRA fine conception: the experience of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA)”: speech to the 13th Congress of the European Association of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (EAGO), Jerusalem, 11 May 1998Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol1999853510428314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithVOsianlisTVollenhovenBPrevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a reviewObstet Gynecol Int2015201551415926074966
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De SanctisVPereraDKatzMFortiniMGamberiniMRSpermatozoal DNA damage in patients with B thalassaemia syndromesPediatr Endocrinol Rev2008618518919337176
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PereraDPizzeyACampbellASperm DNA damage in potentially fertile homozygous β-thalassaemia patients with iron overloadHum Reprod2002171820182512093845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SingerSTVichinskyEPDeferoxamine treatment during pregnancy: is it harmful?Am J Hematol19996024269883802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NaikRPLanzkronSBaby on board: what you need to know about pregnancy in the hemoglobinopathiesHematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program2012201220821423233583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CousensNEGaffCLMetcalfeSADelatyckiMBCarrier screening for β-thalassaemia: a review of international practiceEur J Hum Genet2010181077108320571509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LadisVKaragiorga-LaganaMTsatraIChouliarasGThirty-year experience in preventing haemoglobinopathies in Greece: achievements and potentials for optimisationEur J Haematol20139031332223331260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoukopoulosDHaemoglobinopathies in Greece: prevention programme over the past 35 yearsIndian J Med Res201113457257622089622
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HusseinNWengSFKaiJKleijnenJQureshiNPreconception risk assessment for thalassaemia, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis and Tay-Sachs diseaseCochrane Database Syst Rev20158CD01084926264938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PhelanLBainBJRoperDJuryCBainKAn analysis of relative costs and potential benefits of different policies for antenatal screening for β thalassaemia trait and variant haemoglobinsJ Clin Pathol199952969770010655995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OuZLiQLiuWSunXElevated hemoglobin A2 as a marker for β-thalassemia trait in pregnant womenTohoku J Exp Med201122322322621403433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BensterBCauchiMNHaemoglobin A2 level in pregnancyJ Clin Pathol1970235385395476881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosatelliMCTuveriTScalasMTMolecular screening and fetal diagnosis of β-thalassemia in the Italian populationHum Genet1992895855891511973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LauKTLeungYTFungYTChanLWSahotaDSLeungNTOutcome of 1,355 consecutive transabdominal chorionic villus samplings in 1,351 patientsChin Med J (Engl)20051181675168116313751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MonniGIbbaRMOllaGRosatelliCCaoAPrenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia by second-trimester chorionic villus samplingPrenat Diagn198884474513211846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PirastuMKanYWCaoAConnerBJTeplitzRLWallaceRBPrenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia: detection of a single nucleotide mutation in DNAN Engl J Med19833092842876866053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KongCWLeungTNLeungTYRisk factors for procedure-related fetal losses after mid-trimester genetic amniocentesisPrenat Diagn20062692593016838383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaborAAlfirevicZUpdate on procedure-related risks for prenatal diagnosis techniquesFetal Diagn Ther2010271720051662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VrettouCPalmerGKanavakisEA widely applicable strategy for single cell genotyping of β-thalassaemia mutations using DGGE analysis: application to preimplantation genetic diagnosisPrenat Diagn1999191209121610660957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KokkaliGTraeger-SynodinosJVrettouCBlastocyst biopsy versus cleavage stage biopsy and blastocyst transfer for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of β-thalassaemia: a pilot studyHum Reprod2007221443144917261575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SermonKCurrent concepts in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD): a molecular biologist’s viewHum Reprod Update20028112011866237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetrouMPreimplantation genetic diagnosisHemoglobin200933S7S1320001634
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KulievAPakhalchukTVerlinskyORechitskySPreimplantation genetic diagnosis for hemoglobinopathiesHemoglobin20113554755521910603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VerlinskyYRechitskySSharapovaTMorrisRTaranissiMKulievAPreimplantation HLA testingJAMA20042912079208515126435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangWYapCHLohSFSimplified PGD of common determinants of haemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis syndrome using multiplex-microsatellite PCRReprod Biomed Online20102164264820864413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YapCTanASWangWLimMNChongSSFirst successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis in Singapore: avoidance of β-thalassaemia majorAnn Acad Med Singapore20093872072319736578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuptonMOteng-NtimEAyidaGCardiac disease in pregnancyCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol20021413714311914690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GardenghiSMarongiuMFRamosPIneffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is characterized by increased iron absorption mediated by down-regulation of hepcidin and up-regulation of ferroportinBlood20071095027503517299088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EspositoBPBreuerWSirankaprachaPLabile plasma iron in iron overload: redox activity and susceptibility to chelationBlood20031022670267712805056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CasanuevaEViteriFEIron and oxidative stress in pregnancyJ Nutr20031331700S1708S12730487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AessoposABerdoukasVTsironiMThe heart in transfusion dependent homozygous thalassaemia today: prediction, prevention and managementEur J Haematol2008809310618081719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AessoposAFarmakisDPulmonary hypertension in β-thalassemiaAnn N Y Acad Sci2005105434234916339682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MancusoAGiacobbeADe VivoAArditaFVMeoAPregnancy in patients with β-thalassaemia major: maternal and foetal outcomeActa Haematol2008119151718182786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AessoposAFragodimitriCKarabatsosFCardiac magnetic resonance imaging R2* assessments and analysis of historical parameters in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemiaHaematologica20079213113217229649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TannerMAGalanelloRDessiCMyocardial iron loading in patients with thalassemia major on desferrioxamine chelationJ Cardiovasc Magn Reson2006854354716755844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirkPRoughtonMPorterJBCardiac T2* magnetic resonance for prediction of cardiac complications in thalassemia majorCirculation20091201961196819801505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TsironiMKaragiorgaMAessoposAIron overload, cardiac and other factors affecting pregnancy in thalassemia majorHemoglobin20103424025020524814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RomeroRIntrauterine infection, premature birth and the fetal inflammatory response syndromeJ Nutr20031331668S1673S12730483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalkerEMWalkerSMEffects of iron overload on the immune systemAnn Clin Lab Sci20003035436511045759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PineroDJHuJCookBMInterleukin-1β increases binding of the iron regulatory protein and the synthesis of ferritin by increasing the labile iron poolBiochim Biophys Acta2000149727928810996652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EleftheriouAKalakoutisGPavlidesNTransfusional transmitted viruses in pregnancyJ Pediatr Endocrinol Metab19981190191410091164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DaviesJMLewisMPWimperisJRafiILadhaniSBolton-MaggsPHReview of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of infection in patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen: prepared on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology by a working party of the Haemato-Oncology Task ForceBr J Haematol201115530831721988145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuryeaENicholsonFCooperSThe use of protease inhibitors in pregnancy: maternal and fetal considerationsInfect Dis Obstet Gynecol2015201556372726617456
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SteingrubJPregnancy-associated severe liver dysfunctionCrit Care Clin20042076377615388201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlivieriNFBrittenhamGMIron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemiaBlood1997897397619028304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St PierreTGClarkPRChua-AnusornWNoninvasive measurement and imaging of liver iron concentrations using proton magnetic resonanceBlood200510585586115256427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WoodJCEnriquezCGhugreNMRI R2 and R2* mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patientsBlood20051061460146515860670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Obstetricians and GynaecologistsManagement of Beta Thalasssaemia in PregnancyLondonRCOG2014
   Google Scholar
• De AssisRARibeiroAAFKayFUPancreatic iron stores assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in β thalassemic patientsEur J Radiol2012811465147021501938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpencerDHGrossmanBJScottMGRed cell transfusion decreases hemoglobin A1c in patients with diabetesClin Chem20115734434621059826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De GrootLAbalovichMAlexanderEKManagement of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guidelineJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2012972543256522869843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JensenCETuckSMAgnewJEHigh incidence of osteoporosis in thalassaemia majorJ Pediatr Endocrinol Metab19981197597710091176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalshJMMcGowanCAKilbaneMMcKennaMJMcAuliffeFMThe relationship between maternal and fetal vitamin D, insulin resistance, and fetal growthReprod Sci20132053654122968764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TongPCNgMCHoCSC-reactive protein and insulin resistance in subjects with thalassemia minor and a family history of diabetesDiabetes Care2002251480148112145257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaoTTHoLFα-Thalassaemia trait and gestational diabetes mellitus in Hong KongDiabetologia20014496697111484072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhiteJMRichardsRByrneMBuchananTWhiteYSJelenskiGThalassaemia trait and pregnancyJ Clin Pathol1985388108174019802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TsatalasCChalkiaPPantelidouDMargaritisDBourikasGSpanoudakisEPregnancy in β-thalassemia trait carriers: an uneventful journeyHematology20091430130319843388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savona-VenturaCGrechESPregnancy complications in homozygous thalassaemia patientsJ Obstet Gynaecol199111175176
   Google Scholar
• LevyAFraserDKatzMMaternal anemia during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for low birthweight and preterm deliveryEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol200512218218616219519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SingerSTWuVMignaccaRAlloimmunization and erythrocyte autoimmunization in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients of predominantly Asian descentBlood2000963369337311071629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NassarAHNajaMCesarettiCPregnancy outcome in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia at two tertiary care centers, in Beirut and MilanHaematologica2008931586158718698079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LialiosGMakrydimasGTsanadisGLolisDBourantasKEffective treatment of β-thalassemia intermedia during pregnancy with rHuEpo: a case reportMinerva Ginecol200052293110851861
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BennettMMacriCJBathgateSLErythropoietin use in a pregnant Jehovah’s witness with anemia and β-thalassemia: a case reportJ Reprod Med20055013513715755051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThompsonAACunninghamMJSingerSTRed cell alloimmunization in a diverse population of transfused patients with thalas-saemiaBr J Haematol201115312112821323889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KosaryanMMahdaviMRRoshanPPrevalence of alloimmunisation in patients with β thalassaemia majorBlood Transfus20121039639722395351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChouSTLiemRIThompsonAAChallenges of alloimmunization in patients with haemoglobinopathiesBr J Haematol201215939440423034087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SauAEl-MataryANewtonLManagement of red cell alloimmunized pregnancies using conventional methods compared with that of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocityActa Obstet Gynecol Scand20098847547819235563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TsironiMLadisVMargellisZDeftereosSKattamisCAessoposAImpairment of cardiac function in a successful full-term pregnancy in a homozygous β-thalassemia major: does chelation have a positive role?Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol200512011711815866098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YamadaTGrishamMBRoll of neutrophil-derived oxidants in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammationKlin Wochenschr1991699889941665888
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BosqueMADomingoJLCorbellaJAssessment of the developmental toxicity of deferoxamine in miceArch Toxicol1995694674718526742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CurrySCBondGRRaschkeRTellezDWigginsDAn ovine model of maternal iron poisoning in pregnancyAnn Emerg Med1990196326382344079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VoskaridouEKonstantopoulosKKyriakouDLoukopoulosDDeferoxamine treatment during early pregnancy: absence of teratogenicity in two casesHaematologica1993781831848375749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RachmilewitzEAGiardinaPHow I treat thalassemiaBlood20111183479348821813448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BruinGJFallerTWiegandHPharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of deferasirox and its iron complex in ratsDrug Metab Dispos2008362523253818775980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ViniDServosPDrosouMNormal pregnancy in a patient with β-thalassaemia major receiving iron chelation therapy with deferasirox (Exjade®)Eur J Hematol201186274275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiamantidisMDNeokleousNAgapidouAIron chelation therapy of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia during pregnancy in the era of novel drugs: is deferasirox toxic?Int J Hematol2016103553754426861970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersonLJWestwoodMAHoldenSMyocardial iron clearance during reversal of siderotic cardiomyopathy with intravenous desferrioxamine: a prospective study using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonanceBr J Haematol200412734835515491298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavisBAO’SullivanCJarrittPHPorterJBValue of sequential monitoring of left ventricular ejection fraction in the management of thalassemia majorBlood200410426326915001468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrennerBHaemostatic changes in pregnancyThromb Res200411440941415507271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JamesAHJamisonMGBrancazioLRMyersERVenous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortalityAm J Obstet Gynecol20061941311131516647915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgna PignattiCCarnelliVCarusoVThromboembolic events in β thalassemia major: an Italian multicenter studyActa Haematol19989976799554453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CappelliniMDRobbioloLBottassoBMCoppolaRFiorelliGMannucciAPVenous thromboembolism and hypercoagulability in splenectomized patients with thalassaemia intermediaBr J Haematol200011146747311122086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaherAIsma’eelHMehioGPrevalence of thromboembolic events among 8,860 patients with thalassaemia major and intermedia in the Mediterranean area and IranThromb Haemost20069648849117003927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EldorARachmilewitzEAThe hypercoagulable state in thalassemiaBlood200299364311756150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BajoriaRChatterjeeRCurrent perspectives of fertility and pregnancy in thalassemiaHemoglobin200933S131S13520001616
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• XuTTZhouFDengCYLow-dose aspirin for preventing preeclampsia and its complications: a meta-analysisJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)20151756757325833349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CappelliniMDPoggialiETaherATMusallamKMHypercoagulability in β-thalassemia: a status quoExpert Rev Hematol2012550551223146054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NassarAHUstaIMTaherAMβ-Thalassemia intermedia and pregnancy: should we anticoagulate?J Thromb Haemost200641413141416706992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• No authors listedPrevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin StudyLancet19913381311371677062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeungCFLaoTTChangAMEffect of folate supplement on pregnant women with β-thalassaemia minorEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol1989332092132599250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OrrDDifficult intubation: a hazard in thalassaemia – a case reportBr J Anaesth1967395855866037376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgna-PignattiCThalassemia: a few new tiles in a large mosaicHaematologica2006911159116116956812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BegleyCMGyteGMDevaneDMcGuireWWeeksAActive versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labourCochrane Database Syst Rev2011CD00741222071837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LekawanvijitSChattipakornNIron overload thalassemic cardiomyopathy: iron status assessment and mechanisms of mechanical and electrical disturbance due to iron toxicityCan J Cardiol20092521321819340344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Obstetricians and GynaecologistsReducing the Risk of Thrombosis and Embolism during Pregnancy and the PuerperiumLondonRCOG2015
   Google Scholar
• AnsariSAzarkeivanAKivanAATabarokiAPregnancy in patients treated for β thalassemia major in two centers (Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital and Thalassemia Clinic): outcome for mothers and newborn infantsPediatr Hematol Oncol200623333716326410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeungTYLaoTTThalassaemia in pregnancyBest Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol201226375122079388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar