Acute Myeloid Leukemia Transformation from Myelofibrosis Upon Remission of an Orbital Myeloid Sarcoma – A Case Report

References

• Stockl FA, Dolmetsch AM, Saornil MA, Font RL, Burnier MN. Orbital granulocytic sarcoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81(12):1084. doi:10.1136/bjo.81.12.1084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neiman RS, Barcos M, Berard C, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases. Cancer. 1981;48(6):1426–1437. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19810915)48:6<1426::AID-CNCR2820480626>3.0.CO;2-G
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pileri SA, Ascani S, Cox MC, et al. Myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients. Leukemia. 2007;21(2):340–350. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim RS, Yaghy A, Wilde LR, Shields CL. An Iridociliochoroidal myeloid sarcoma associated with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation, treated with gilteritinib, an FLT3 inhibitor. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(4):418–419. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JY, Chung H, Cho H, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of isolated myeloid sarcoma without bone marrow involvement: a single-institution experience. Blood Res. 2017;52(3):184–192. doi:10.5045/br.2017.52.3.184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlSemari MA, Perrotta M, Russo C, et al. Orbital myeloid sarcoma (chloroma): report of 2 cases and literature review. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020;19:100806. doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100806
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aggarwal E, Mulay K, Honavar SG. Orbital extramedullary granulocytic sarcoma: clinicopathologic correlation with immunohistochemical features. Surv Ophthalmol. 2014;59(2):232–235. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ple-plakon PA, Demirci H, Cheng JX, Elner VM. Orbital myeloid sarcoma in an adult with acute myeloid leukemia, FAB M1, and 12p-deletion. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29(3):e73–e75. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e318272d497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campidelli C, Agostinelli C, Stitson R, Pileri SA. Myeloid sarcoma: extramedullary manifestation of myeloid disorders. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(3):426–437. doi:10.1309/AJCP1ZA7HYZKAZHS
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mombaerts I, Ramberg I, Coupland SE, Heegaard S. Diagnosis of orbital mass lesions: clinical, radiological, and pathological recommendations. Surv Ophthalmol. 2019;64(6):741–756. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields JA, Shields CL, Scartozzi R. Survey of 1264 patients with orbital tumors and simulating lesions: the 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 1. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(5):997–1008. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ooi GC, Chim CS, Khong PL, et al. Radiologic manifestations of granulocytic sarcoma in adult leukemia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176(6):1427–1431. doi:10.2214/ajr.176.6.1761427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman LE, Font RL. Ophthalmologic manifestations of granulocytic sarcoma (myeloid sarcoma or chloroma): the third Pan American Association of Ophthalmology and American Journal of Ophthalmology Lecture. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975;80(6):975–990. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(75)90326-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almalki AMJ, Alotaibi FA, Jabr HF, Mastan AR. Unilateral proptosis as an initial sign of acute myeloid leukemia in a child: a case report. Int Med Case Rep J. 2019;12:319–323. doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S206596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields JA, Shields CL. Atlas of orbital tumors. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Wolters Kluwer; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Maka E, Lukats O, Toth J, Fekete S. Orbital tumour as initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia: granulocytic sarcoma: case report. Pathol Oncol Res. 2008;14(2):209–211. doi:10.1007/s12253-008-9028-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohanian M, Pemmaraju N, Rozovski U, et al. Ocular extramedullary myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2018;180(5):738–740. doi:10.1111/bjh.14430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavdar AO, Babacan E, Gözdaşoğlu S, et al. High risk subgroup of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) with orbito-ocular granulocytic sarcoma (OOGS) in Turkish children. Retrospective analysis of clinical, hematological, ultrastructural and therapeutical findings of thirty-three OOGS. Acta Haematol. 1989;81(2):80–85. doi:10.1159/000205531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston DL, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Lange BJ, Woods WG. Superior outcome of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients with orbital and CNS myeloid sarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;58(4):519–524. doi:10.1002/pbc.23201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangla D, Dewan M, Meyer DR. Adult orbital myeloid sarcoma (granulocytic sarcoma): two cases and review of the literature. Orbit. 2012;31(6):438–440. doi:10.3109/01676830.2012.723784
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dores GM, Devesa SS, Curtis RE, Linet MS, Morton LM. Acute leukemia incidence and patient survival among children and adults in the United States, 2001–2007. Blood. 2012;119(1):34–43. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-04-347872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal G, Bartley AC, Patnaik MM, Litzow MR, Al-Kali A, Go RS. Clinical features and outcomes of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma in the United States: analysis using a national data set. Blood Cancer J. 2017;7(8):e592. doi:10.1038/bcj.2017.79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Movassaghian M, Brunner AM, Blonquist TM, et al. Presentation and outcomes among patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(6):1698–1703. doi:10.3109/10428194.2014.963080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamoto K, Miyoshi H, Yoshida N, Takizawa J, Sone H, Ohshima K. Clinicopathological, cytogenetic, and prognostic analysis of 131 myeloid sarcoma patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40(11):1473–1483. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshiki Y, Asai T, Ichikawa M, et al. A case of myeloid sarcoma with correlation to JAK2V617F mutation, complicated by myelofibrosis and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Intern Med. 2011;50(21):2649–2652. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiladjian JJ. The spectrum of JAK2-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012;2012:561–566. doi:10.1182/asheducation.V2012.1.561.3807838
   Google Scholar
• Breccia M, Mandelli F, Petti MC, et al. Clinico-pathological characteristics of myeloid sarcoma at diagnosis and during follow-up: report of 12 cases from a single institution. Leuk Res. 2004;28(11):1165–1169. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2004.01.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsimberidou AM, Kantarjian HM, Wen S, et al. Myeloid sarcoma is associated with superior event-free survival and overall survival compared with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer. 2008;113(6):1370–1378. doi:10.1002/cncr.23691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamauchi K, Yasuda M. Comparison in treatments of nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma: report of two cases and a review of 72 cases in the literature. Cancer. 2002;94(6):1739–1746. doi:10.1002/cncr.10399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi H, Miyamura T, Tomizawa D, et al. Clinical impact of extramedullary disease on allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a nationwide retrospective study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019;25(3):S105. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avni B, Koren-Michowitz M. Myeloid sarcoma: current approach and therapeutic options. Ther Adv Hematol. 2011;2(5):309–316. doi:10.1177/2040620711410774
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daver N, Schlenk RF, Russell NH, Levis MJ. Targeting FLT3 mutations in AML: review of current knowledge and evidence. Leukemia. 2019;33(2):299–312. doi:10.1038/s41375-018-0357-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar