How to identify, assess, and refer patients experiencing interpersonal violence across the lifespan: the role of US pharmacists in integrated pharmacy research and practice

References

• US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2020. [ Updated 2019]. Available from: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default Accessed January 05, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• The Joint Commission. Main page. [Updated 2019] Available from: https://www.jointcommission.org/ Accessed 15, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan RK. Criminal victimization, 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). NCJ. 2017;251150.
   Google Scholar
• Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R, eds. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Stokols D. Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. Am J Health Promot. 1996;10(4):282–298. doi:10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.28210159709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing intimate partner violence. [Updated 2019] Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/consequences.html Accessed 15, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child maltreatment: facts at a glance. 2014 1 01 Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/childmaltreatment-facts-at-a-glance.pdf Accessed January 5, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman DP, Williamson DF, Giles WH. Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the adverse childhood experiences study. JAMA. 2001;286(24):3089–3096. doi:10.1001/jama.286.24.308911754674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Affifi T, Boman J, Fleisher W, Sareen J. The relationship between child abuse, parental divorce, and lifetime mental disorders and suicidality in a national representative adult sample. Child Abuse Negl. 2009;33(3):139–147. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.00919327835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield CL, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ. Violent childhood experiences and the risk of intimate partner violence in adults: assessment in a large health maintenance organization. J Interpers Violence. 2003;18(2):166–185. doi:10.1177/0886260502238733
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodsky BS, Stanley B. Adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behavior. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2008;31(2):223–235. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.02.00218439446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiding M, Basile K, Smith S, Black M, Mahendra R. Intimate Partner Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements, Version 2.0. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Black MC, Basile KC, Breiding MJ, et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report. Atlanta (GA): National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Plichta SB, Falik M. Prevalence of violence and its implications for women’s health. Womens Health Issues. 2001;11(3):244–258.11336864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houry D, Rhodes KV, Kemball RS, et al. Differences in female and male victims and perpetrators of partner violence with respect to WEB scores. J Interpers Violence. 2008;23:1041–1055. doi:10.1177/088626050731396918272721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus H, Cerulli C, McNutt LA, et al. Intimate partner violence and functional health status: associations with severity, danger, and self-advocacy behaviors. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(5):625–631. doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.052119445614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerulli C, Cerulli J, Santos EJ, et al. Does the health status of intimate partner violence victims warrant pharmacies as portals for public health promotion? J Am Pharm Assoc. 2010;50:2. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09094
   Google Scholar
• Pigeon WR, Heffner KL, Crean H, et al. Responding to the need for sleep among survivors of interpersonal violence: a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive–behavioral insomnia intervention followed by PTSD treatment. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015;45:252–260. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.08.01926343743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigeon WR, Cerulli C, Richards H, He H, Perlis M, Caine E. Sleep disturbances and their association with mental health among women exposed to intimate partner violence. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20(12):1923–1929. doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.278121988551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong SLF, Wester F, Mols S, Romkens R, Lagro-Janssen T. Utilisation of health care by women who have suffered abuse: a descriptive study on medical records in family practice. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57:396–400.17504591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansone RA, Wiederman MW, Sansone LA. Health care utilization and history of trauma among women in a primary care setting. Violence Vict. 1997;12(0886–6708; 2):165–172.9403986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexander RW, Bradley LA, Alarcon GS, et al. Sexual and physical abuse in women with fibromyalgia: association with outpatient health care utilization and pain medication usage. Arthritis Care Res. 1998;11(2):102–115.9668733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balousek S, Plane M, Fleming M. Prevalence of interpersonal abuse in primary care patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22:1268–1273. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0257-617641933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson J, Lewis NV, Feder GS, et al. Exposure to domestic violence and abuse and consultations for emergency contraception: nested case-control study in a UK primary care dataset. Br J Gen Pract. 2019;69(680): e199-e207. doi:10.3399/bjgp18X700277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Council on Aging. Elder abuse statistics & facts | elder justice | NCOA. National Council on Aging Web site 2015 5 15 Available from: https://www.ncoa.org/public-policy-action/elder-justice/elder-abuse-facts/ Accessed 15, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman EF, Exner D, Baughman AL. The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2011;12(2):55–66. doi:10.1177/152483801039070721247983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard DE, Wang MQ. Psychosocial correlates of U.S. adolescents who report a history of forced sexual intercourse. J Adolesc Health. 2005;36(5):372–379. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.07.00715837340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro ML, Martyn KK, Campbell R, Graham-Bermann S, Seng JS. Important but incomplete: plan B as an avenue for post-assault care. Sex Res Social Policy. 2015;12(4):335–346. doi:10.1007/s13178-015-0204-y27293493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahrens CE, Campbell R, Wasco SM, Aponte G, Grubstein L, Davidson WS. Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs: alternative systems for service delivery for sexual assault victims. J Interpers Violence. 2000;15(9):921–943. doi:10.1177/088626000015009002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell R, Bybee D, Patterson D, Ford JK Systems change analysis of SANE programs: Identifying the mediating mechanisms of criminal justice system impact. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell R, Patterson D, Lichty LF. The effectiveness of sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs: a review of psychological, medical, legal, and community outcomes. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2005;6(4):313–329. doi:10.1177/152483800528032816217119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Dept of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women, United States of America. National protocol for sexual assault medical forensic examinations: adults/adolescents. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Tjaden PG, Thoennes N Extent, nature, and consequences of rape victimization: Findings from the national violence against women survey. 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Ledray LE, Arndt S. Examining the sexual assault victim: a new model for nursing care. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 1994;32(2):7–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization. Responding to Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence against Women: WHO Clinical and Policy Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Child Welfare Information Gateway. Mandatory Reporters of Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau; 2016 Available from: https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/laws-policies/statutes/manda/
   Google Scholar
• Durborow N, Lizdas K, O’Flaherty A, Marjavi A. Compendium of state statutes and policies on domestic violence and health care. Family Violence Prevention Fund; 2010 Available from: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fysb/state_compendium.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Chan M, Horowitz C. 2014 Nationwide Survey of Mandatory Reporting Requirements for Elderly And/or Vulnerable Persons. New York County District Attorney’s Office, NAPSA Elder Financial Exploitation Advisory Board; 2014 Available from: https://victimsofcrime.org/docs/default-source/financial-fraud/mandatory-reporting-chart-updated-5-august-2014.pdf?sfvrsn=2. Accessed September 10, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Therapeutic Research Center. Recognizing and Reporting Child Abuse in Pennsylvania|Volume 2018|Course No. 326|self-study Course #180326. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research Center; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Barnard M, West-Strum D, Holmes E, Yang Y, Swain KA. Community pharmacists’ awareness of intimate partner violence: an exploratory study. Innov Pharm. 2013;4:1. doi:10.24926/iip.v4i1.288
   Google Scholar
• Barnard M, West-Strum D, Yang Y, Holmes E. Evaluation of a tool to measure pharmacists’ readiness to manage intimate partner violence. Pharmacy (Basel). 2018;6(3):66. doi:10.3390/pharmacy6030066
   Google Scholar
• Fusco JA, Ceh CE. Elder abuse and neglect: a survey of pharmacy students’ opinions, experience, and knowledge. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2015;7(2):179–184. doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2014.11.007
   Google Scholar
• Center of Excellence on Elder Abuse and Neglect. Resources; 2019 Available from: http://www.centeronelderabuse.org/resources.aspAccessed January, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Gurvich T, Williams B, Twomey M, Chen E, Mosqueda L. Reaching important gatekeepers: Training pharmacists about elder abuse. Excellence on Elder Abuse and Neglect: University of California Irvine School of Medicine Web site. [ Updated 2018]. Available from: http://www.centeronelderabuse.org/Kaiser_Pharmacy.asp. Accessed September 10, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Campanelli R. Office for civil rights letter to Ms. Joyce Young, HIPAA GIVES coordinator. Department of Health & Human Services. 2004 Available from: http://www.centeronelderabuse.org/docs/HIPAA_Letter%20from%20OCR.pdf Accessed February 5, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• NICE. Child Abuse and Neglect. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper L. How to recognise and respond to potential child abuse and neglect. Pharm J. 2018.
   Google Scholar
• CPPE, ed. Safeguarding Children: A Guide for the Pharmacy Team. 2nd ed. University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK: Center for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education; 2009 Available from: https://www.cppe.ac.uk/learningdocuments/pdfs/safeguardingchildren.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• McTavish JR, Kimber M, Devries K, et al. Mandated reporters’ experiences with reporting child maltreatment: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e013942–2016. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprague S, Swaminathan A, Slobogean GP, et al. A scoping review of intimate partner violence educational programs for health care professionals. Women Health. 2018;58(10):1192–1206. doi:10.1080/03630242.2017.138833429252143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marken PA, Zimmerman C, Kennedy C, Schremmer R, Smith KV. Human simulators and standardized patients to teach difficult conversations to interprofessional health care teams. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74(7):120. doi:10.5688/aj740712021088725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerulli C, Nichols-Hadeed C, Raimondi C, Stone JT, Cerulli J. Facilitating intimate partner violence education among pharmacy students: what do future pharmacists want to know? Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2015;7(3):283–291. doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2014.12.01425937853
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Search page. Futures Without Violence Web site. [ Updated 2019]. Available from: https://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/search/ Accessed 25, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Turner W, Hester M, Broad J, et al. Interventions to improve the response of professionals to children exposed to domestic violence and abuse: a systematic review. Child Abuse Rev. 2017;26(1):19–39. doi:10.1002/car.238528392674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard M, West-Strum D, Holmes E, Yang Y, Fisher A. The potential for screening for intimate partner violence in community pharmacies: an exploratory study of female consumers’ perspectives. J Interpers Violence. 2018;33(6):960–979. doi:10.1177/088626051561427226545395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CEDAW .General Recommendations No. 19, Eleventh Session, 1992 Violence against Women. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women; 1992 Available from: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/INT_CEDAW_GEC_3731_E.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2019.
   Google Scholar