A quantitative insight of the interactions of prescribers with pharmaceutical organization’s representatives in clinical settings of Karachi

References

• Spiller LD, Wymer WW Jr. Physicians’ perceptions and uses of commercial drug information sources: an examination of pharmaceutical marketing to physicians. Health Mark Q. 2001;19(1):91–106. doi:10.1300/J026v19n01_0711727295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oshikoya KA, Oreagba I, Adeyemi O. Sources of drug information and their influence on the prescribing behaviour of doctors in a teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;9:1. doi:10.4314/pamj.v9i1.7118822355417
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Areefi MA, Hassali MA. Physicians’ perceptions of medical representative visits in Yemen: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(1):331. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-43823962304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy N, Madhiwalla N, Pai SA. Drug promotional practices in Mumbai: a qualitative study. Indian J Med Ethics. 2007;4(2):57–61.18630221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Workneh BD, Gebrehiwot MG, Bayo TA, et al. Influence of medical representatives on prescribing practices in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0156795. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.015679527304215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta SK, Nayak RP, Sivaranjani R. A study on the interactions of doctors with medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of South India. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2016;8(1):47. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.17169526957869
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wazana A. Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: is a gift ever just a gift? Jama. 2000;283(3):373–380. doi:10.1001/jama.283.3.37310647801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dana J, Loewenstein G. A social science perspective on gifts to physicians from industry. Jama. 2003;290(2):252–255. doi:10.1001/jama.290.2.25212851281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zipkin DA, Steinman MA. Interactions between pharmaceutical representatives and doctors in training. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(8):777–786. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0134.x16050893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korenstein D, Keyhani S, Ross JS. Physician attitudes toward industry: a view across the specialties. Arch Surg. 2010;145(6):570–577. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.7520566978
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adair RF, Holmgren LR. Do drug samples influence resident prescribing behavior? A randomized trial. Am J Med. 2005;118(8):881–884. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.04.03216084181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera SG, Marroquín MD, Trota RA. Análisis de la relación entre el médico de atención primaria y la industria farmacéutica. Atención Primaria. 2004;34(5):231–247. doi:10.1157/1306640115456570
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu S-Y, Yang B-M, Kim J-H. New anti-rebate legislation in South Korea. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2013;11(4):311–318. doi:10.1007/s40258-013-0029-x23645520
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabbani F, Cheema FH, Talati N et al. Behind the counter: pharmacies and dispensing patterns of pharmacy attendants in Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc 2001;51:149–154.
   Google Scholar
• Zahid A. Butt, Anwar H. Gilani, Debra Nanan, Abdul L. Sheikh, Frank White, Quality of pharmacies in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey. Intern J Qual Health Care 2005;17(4), 307–313, 10.1093/intqhc/mzi049.
   Google Scholar
• Hafeez A, Kiani A, Din S, et al. Prescription and dispensing practices in public sector health facilities in Pakistan-survey report. J Pak Med Assoc. 2004;54(4):187–191.15241995
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Azhar S, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MIM, Ahmad M, Masood I, Shafie AA. The role of pharmacists in developing countries: the current scenario in Pakistan. Hum Resour Health. 2009;7(1):54. doi:10.1186/1478-4491-7-7419594916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar P, Jha N, Piryani R, Bajracharya O, Shrestha R, Thapa H. Academic detailing. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2010;8(1):126–134. doi:10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3235
   Google Scholar
• Rizwan R, Tariq J. Pharmaceutical marketing practices in Pakistan. Eur J Sci Res. 2010;46(3):402–411.
   Google Scholar
• Khan N, Naqvi A, Ahmad R, et al. Perceptions and attitudes of medical sales representatives (MSRs) and prescribers regarding pharmaceutical sales promotion and prescribing practices in Pakistan. J Young Pharm. 2016;8(3):244–250. doi:10.5530/jyp
   Google Scholar
• De Ferrari A, Gentille C, Davalos L, Huayanay L, Malaga G, Checkley W. Attitudes and relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry in a public general hospital in Lima, Peru. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100114. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.010011424978481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strickland-Hodge B, Jepson M. The role of the hospital consultant in general practitioner prescribing. J R Soc Med. 1988;81(4):207. doi:10.1177/0141076888081004073373464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caudill TS, Johnson MS, Rich EC, McKinney WP. Physicians, pharmaceutical sales representatives, and the cost of prescribing. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5(4):201. doi:10.1001/archfami.5.4.2018769907
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alssageer MA, Kowalski SR. What do Libyan doctors perceive as the benefits, ethical issues and influences of their interactions with pharmaceutical company representatives? Pan Afr Med J. 2013;14. doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.14.132.2598
   Google Scholar
• Grande D. Limiting the influence of pharmaceutical industry gifts on physicians: self-regulation or government intervention? J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(1):79–83. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1016-719756874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brax H, Fadlallah R, Al-Khaled L, et al. Association between physicians’ interaction with pharmaceutical companies and their clinical practices: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175493. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.017549328406971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGettigan P, Golden J, Fryer J, Chan R, Feely J. Prescribers prefer people: the sources of information used by doctors for prescribing suggest that the medium is more important than the message. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;51(2):184–189. doi:10.1111/bcp.2001.51.issue-211259994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spurling GK, Mansfield PR, Montgomery BD, et al. Information from pharmaceutical companies and the quality, quantity, and cost of physicians’ prescribing: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2010;7(10):e1000352. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.100035220976098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akande T, Aderibigbe S. Influence of drug promotion on prescribing habits of doctors in a teaching hospital. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2007;36(3):207–211.18390058
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fickweiler F, Fickweiler W, Urbach E. Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry generally and sales representatives specifically and their association with physicians’ attitudes and prescribing habits: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016408. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Søndergaard J, Vach K, Kragstrup J, Andersen M. Impact of pharmaceutical representative visits on GPs’ drug preferences. Fam Pract. 2009;26(3):204–209. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmp01019273463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinman M, Shlipak M, McPhee S. Of principles and pens: attitudes and practices of medicine housestaff toward pharmaceutical industry promotions. Am J Med 2001;110(7):551–7.
   Google Scholar
• Steinman MA, Landefeld CS, Baron RB. Industry support of CME—are we at the tipping point? N Engl J Med. 2012;366(12):1069–1071. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa111470522435367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan T, Rothman D, Blank L, et al. Health industry practices that create conflicts of interest: a policy proposal for academic medical centers. JAMA 2006;294(4):429–33.
   Google Scholar