Dysregulated Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Non-Allergic Obese Asthma

References

• Atkins PC, Norman ME, Zweiman B. Antigen-induced neutrophil chemotactic activity in man. Correlation with bronchospasm and inhibition by disodium cromoglycate. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1978;62(3):149–155. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(78)90099-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Chanez P, Lacoste JY, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(15):1033–1039. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010113231505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haahtela T, Järvinen M, Kava T, et al. Comparison of a β2-agonist, terbutaline, with an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, in newly detected asthma. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(6):388–392. doi:10.1056/NEJM199108083250603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halonen M, Stern D, Lohman C, et al. Two subphenotypes of childhood asthma that differ in maternal and paternal influences on asthma risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(2):564–570. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9809038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldar P, Pavord ID, Shaw DE, et al. Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(3):218–224. doi:10.1164/rccm.200711-1754OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim M, Choi S, Choi S-H, et al. Metabolic syndrome and lung function in Korean children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):15646. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51968-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durham SR, Carroll M, Walsh GM, Kay AB. Leukocyte activation in allergen-induced late-phase asthmatic reactions. N Engl J Med. 1984;311(22):1398–1402. doi:10.1056/NEJM198411293112202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brasier AR, Victor S, Ju H, et al. Predicting intermediate phenotypes in asthma using bronchoalveolar lavage-derived cytokines. Clin Transl Sci. 2010;3(4):147–157. doi:10.1111/j.1752-8062.2010.00204.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Telenga ED, Tideman SW, Kerstjens HAM, et al. Obesity in asthma: more neutrophilic inflammation as a possible explanation for a reduced treatment response. Allergy. 2012;67(8):1060–1068. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02855.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640–1645. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forno E, Han -Y-Y, Muzumdar RH, et al. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and lung function in US adolescents with and without asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(2):304–11.e8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zander M, Madsbad S, Madsen JL, et al. Effect of 6-week course of glucagon-like peptide 1 on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes: a parallel-group study. Lancet. 2002;359(9309):824–830. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07952-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, et al. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(9):841–851. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1901118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dineen SL, McKenney ML, Bell LN, et al. Metabolic syndrome abolishes glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist stimulation of SERCA in coronary smooth muscle. Diabetes. 2015;64(9):3321–3327. doi:10.2337/db14-1790
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eissele R, GÖKE R, Willemer S, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of rat, pig and man. Eur J Clin Invest. 1992;22(4):283–291. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01464.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drucker DJ, Philippe J, Mojsov S, et al. Glucagon-like peptide I stimulates insulin gene expression and increases cyclic AMP levels in a rat islet cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987;84(10):3434–3438. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusta B, Baggio LL, Estall JL, et al. GLP-1 receptor activation improves β cell function and survival following induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Metab. 2006;4(5):391–406. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.10.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Capuani B, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor: a novel pharmacological target for treating human bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(6):804–814. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2015-0311OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romaní-Pérez M, Outeiriño-Iglesias V, Gil-Lozano M, et al. Pulmonary GLP-1 receptor increases at birth and exogenous GLP-1 receptor agonists augmented surfactant-protein levels in litters from normal and nitrofen-treated pregnant rats. Endocrinology. 2013;154(3):1144–1155. doi:10.1210/en.2012-1786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu T, Li C, Zhang X, et al. GLP-1 analogue liraglutide enhances SP-a expression in LPS-induced acute lung injury through the TTF-1 signaling pathway. Mediators Inflamm. 2018;2018:3601454. doi:10.1155/2018/3601454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendivil CO, Koziel H, Brain JD, Fehrenbach H. Metabolic hormones, apolipoproteins, adipokines, and cytokines in the alveolar lining fluid of healthy adults: compartmentalization and physiological correlates. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0123344. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123344
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloodworth MH, Rusznak M, Pfister CC, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor signaling attenuates respiratory syncytial virus-induced type 2 responses and immunopathology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(2):683–687.e12. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viby NE, Isidor MS, Buggeskov KB, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces mortality and improves lung function in a model of experimental obstructive lung disease in female mice. Endocrinology. 2013;154(12):4503–4511. doi:10.1210/en.2013-1666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toki S, Goleniewska K, Reiss S, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling inhibits allergen-induced lung IL-33 release and reduces group 2 innate lymphoid cell cytokine production in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(5):1515–1528.e8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Yi H, Zhao C, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling ameliorates dysfunctional immunity in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13(p):3191–3202. doi:10.2147/COPD.S175145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan F, Mat A, Hogan AE, et al. Preliminary asthma-related outcomes following glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist therapy. QJM. 2017;110(12):853–854. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcx125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahlman MT, Jones M, Gray ME, et al. Ontogeny of neuroendocrine cells in human fetal lung. III. An electron microscopic immunohistochemical study. Labor Investig. 1987;56(6):629–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, et al. Augmented responses to ozone in obese mice require IL-17A and gastrin-releasing peptide. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2018;58(3):341–351. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2017-0071OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sui P, Wiesner DL, Xu J, et al. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells amplify allergic asthma responses. Science. 2018;360:6393. doi:10.1126/science.aan8546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomaki M, Ichinose M, Miura M, et al. Elevated substance P content in induced sputum from patients with asthma and patients with chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151(3 Pt 1):613–617. doi:10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_Pt_1.613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu HW, Kraft M, Krause JE, et al. Substance P and its receptor neurokinin 1 expression in asthmatic airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;106(4):713–722. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.109829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu X, Karp PH, Brody SL, et al. Chemosensory functions for pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2014;50(3):637–646. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2013-0199OC
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrios J, Patel KR, Aven L, et al. Early life allergen-induced mucus overproduction requires augmented neural stimulation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell secretion. FASEB J. 2017;31(9):4117–4128. doi:10.1096/fj.201700115R
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrios J, Kho AT, Aven L, et al. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells secrete γ-aminobutyric acid to induce goblet cell hyperplasia in primate models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2019;60(6):687–694. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2018-0179OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens TP, McBride JT, Peake JL, et al. Cell proliferation contributes to PNEC hyperplasia after acute airway injury. Am J Physiol. 1997;272(3 Pt 1):L486–93. doi:10.1152/ajplung.1997.272.3.L486
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deterding RR, Pye C, Fan LL, et al. Persistent tachypnea of infancy is associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005;40(2):157–165. doi:10.1002/ppul.20243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parlevliet ET, Elst JPS-VD, Corssmit EPM, et al. CNTO736, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, ameliorates insulin resistance and inhibits very low-density lipoprotein production in high-fat-fed mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;328(1):240. doi:10.1124/jpet.108.144154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wueest S, Laesser CI, Böni-Schnetzler M, et al. IL-6-type cytokine signaling in adipocytes induces intestinal GLP-1 secretion. Diabetes. 2018;67(1):36–45. doi:10.2337/db17-0637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park YH, Oh EY, Han H, et al. Insulin resistance mediates high-fat diet-induced pulmonary fibrosis and airway hyperresponsiveness through the TGF-β1 pathway. Exp Mol Med. 2019;51(5):1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu R, Gopireddy RR, Wu Y, et al. Hyperinsulinemia promotes heterologous desensitization of β2 adrenergic receptor in airway smooth muscle in obesity. FASEB J. 2020;34(3):3996–4008. doi:10.1096/fj.201800688RR
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarry ME, Castellanos E, Thakur N, et al. Obesity and bronchodilator response in black and Hispanic children and adolescents with asthma. Chest. 2015;147(6):1591–1598. doi:10.1378/chest.14-2689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaston B, Drazen JM, Jansen A, et al. Relaxation of human bronchial smooth muscle by S-nitrosothiols in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994;268(2):978–984.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirling RG, Kharitonov SA, Campbell D, et al. Increase in exhaled nitric oxide levels in patients with difficult asthma and correlation with symptoms and disease severity despite treatment with oral and inhaled corticosteroids. Asthma and Allergy Group. Thorax. 1998;53(12):1030–1034. doi:10.1136/thx.53.12.1030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Prins S, Marcucci F, Sensi L, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide and nasal tryptase are associated with wheeze, rhinitis and nasal allergy in primary school children. Biomarkers. 2014;19(6):481–487. doi:10.3109/1354750X.2014.937362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao TC, Tsai H-J, Chang S-W, et al. Obesity disproportionately impacts lung volumes, airflow and exhaled nitric oxide in children. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0174691. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komakula S, Khatri S, Mermis J, et al. Body mass index is associated with reduced exhaled nitric oxide and higher exhaled 8-isoprostanes in asthmatics. Respir Res. 2007;8(1):32. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De A, Rastogi D. Association of pediatric obesity and asthma, pulmonary physiology, metabolic dysregulation, and atopy; and the role of weight management. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2019;14(5):335–349. doi:10.1080/17446651.2019.1635007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu W, Comhair SAA, Janocha AJ, et al. Arginine metabolic endotypes related to asthma severity. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0183066. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh VP, Aggarwal R, Singh S, et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased oxo-nitrative stress and asthma-like changes in lungs. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0129850. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee W, Lee HJ, Jang HB, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is identified as a potential biomarker of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):2133. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20549-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holguin F, Comhair SAA, Hazen SL, et al. An association between l-arginine/asymmetric dimethyl arginine balance, obesity, and the age of asthma onset phenotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(2):153–159. doi:10.1164/rccm.201207-1270OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu WJ, Haynes TE, Kohli R, et al. Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Nutr. 2005;135(4):714–721. doi:10.1093/jn/135.4.714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojima A, Ishibashi Y, Matsui T, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist inhibits asymmetric dimethylarginine generation in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by blocking advanced glycation end product-induced protein arginine methyltranferase-1 expression. Am J Pathol. 2013;182(1):132–141. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirmiran P, Moghadam SK, Bahadoran Z, Ghasemi A, Azizi F. Dietary L-arginine intakes and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a 6-year follow-up in tehran lipid and glucose study. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2017;22(4):263–270. doi:10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.263
   Google Scholar
• Holguin F, Grasemann H, Sharma S, et al. L-Citrulline increases nitric oxide and improves control in obese asthmatics. JCI Insight. 2019;4(24). doi:10.1172/jci.insight.131733.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon NJ, Last M, Bratt JM, et al. l-arginine supplementation and metabolism in asthma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2011;4(1):187–201. doi:10.3390/ph4010187
   Google Scholar